Social Determinants of Health and Fentanyl Overdose Mortality Across US Counties: An XGBoost and SHAP Analysis Identifying Silent Risk Counties and Treatment Deserts

Kabi Raj Tiruwa, Abhisan Ghimire, Anuj Kumar Shah

Background: Fentanyl overdose deaths are still increasing across the U.S. We do not fully understand which county-level social and structural conditions lead to higher overdose dea…