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Two types of softening detected in X-ray afterglows of Swift bursts: internal and external shock origins?
Y. -P. Qin, A. C. Gupta, J. H. Fan +1
The softening process observed in the steep decay phase of early X-ray afterglows of Swift bursts has remained a puzzle since its discovery. The softening process can also be obser…
Curvature Effect of a Non-Power-Law Spectrum and Spectral Evolution of GRB X-Ray Tails
Bin-Bin Zhang, Bing Zhang, En-Wei Liang +1
The apparent spectral evolution observed in the steep decay phase of many GRB early afterglows raises a great concern of the high-latitude "curvature effect" interpretation of this…
Relationship between pulse width and energy in GRB 060124: from X-ray to gamma-ray bands
Fu-Wen Zhang, Yi-Ping Qin
GRB 060124 is the first event that both prompt and afterglow emission were observed simultaneously by the three \emph{Swift} instruments. Its main peak also triggered Konus-Wind an…
Hardness ratio evolutionary curves of gamma-ray bursts expected by the curvature effect
Y. -P. Qin, C. -Y. Su, J. H. Fan +1
We have investigated the gamma-ray bursts pulses assumed to arise from relativistically expending fireballs. We find, due to the curvature effect, the evolutionary curve of the raw…
GRB Radiative Efficiencies Derived from the Swift Data: GRBs vs. XRFs, Long vs. Short
Bing Zhang, Enwei Liang, Kim L. Page +17
We systematically analyze the prompt emission and the early afterglow data of a sample of 31 GRBs detected by {\em Swift} before September 2005, and estimate the GRB radiative effi…