A model-independent test of the cosmic distance-duality relation using galaxy clusters and Type Ia supernovae matched pairs

Jian Hu, Yi Liu, Jian-Ping Hu +1

The cosmic distance-duality relation (CDDR), expressed as $D_L/D_A(1+z{)}^{-2}=1$, is a fundamental relation in cosmology connecting luminosity distance ($D_L$) and angular diame…