papers

Publications (44)

quant-ph2022

Measuring the Capabilities of Quantum Computers

Timothy Proctor, Kenneth Rudinger, Kevin Young +2

A quantum computer has now solved a specialized problem believed to be intractable for supercomputers, suggesting that quantum processors may soon outperform supercomputers on scie…

quant-ph2025

Platform-Agnostic Modular Architecture for Quantum Benchmarking

Neer Patel, Anish Giri, Hrushikesh Pramod Patil +6

We present a platform-agnostic modular architecture that addresses the increasingly fragmented landscape of quantum computing benchmarking by decoupling problem generation, circuit…

quant-ph2026

Simulating Quantum Error Correction beyond Pauli Stochastic Errors

Jordan Hines, Corey Ostrove, Kenneth Rudinger +4

Quantum error correction (QEC), the lynchpin of fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC), is designed and validated against well-behaved Pauli stochastic error models. But in real-w…

quant-ph2026

Benchmarking quantum computers

Timothy Proctor, Kevin Young, Andrew D. Baczewski +1

The rapid pace of development in quantum computing technology has sparked a proliferation of benchmarks for assessing the performance of quantum computing hardware and software. Go…

quant-ph2021

Quantum Circuit Transformations with a Multi-Level Intermediate Representation Compiler

Thien Nguyen, Dmitry Lyakh, Raphael C. Pooser +3

Quantum computing promises remarkable approaches for processing information, but new tools are needed to compile program representations into the physical instructions required by…

quant-ph2018

Probing context-dependent errors in quantum processors

Kenneth Rudinger, Timothy Proctor, Dylan Langharst +3

Gates in error-prone quantum information processors are often modeled using sets of one- and two-qubit process matrices, the standard model of quantum errors. However, the results…

quant-ph2026

Scalable linearized gate set tomography

Ashe Miller, Corey Ostrove, Jordan Hines +4

Characterizing errors on many-qubit quantum computers remains a key challenge to understanding and improving the performance of these devices. Current characterization methods eith…

quant-ph2020

Wildcard error: Quantifying unmodeled errors in quantum processors

Robin Blume-Kohout, Kenneth Rudinger, Erik Nielsen +2

Error models for quantum computing processors describe their deviation from ideal behavior and predict the consequences in applications. But those processors' experimental behavior…

quant-ph2023

Quantum circuit debugging and sensitivity analysis via local inversions

Fernando A. Calderon-Vargas, Timothy Proctor, Kenneth Rudinger +1

As the width and depth of quantum circuits implemented by state-of-the-art quantum processors rapidly increase, circuit analysis and assessment via classical simulation are becomin…

quant-ph2014

Generating non-classical states from spin coherent states via interaction with ancillary spins

Shane Dooley, Jaewoo Joo, Timothy Proctor +1

The generation of non-classical states of large quantum systems has attracted much interest from a foundational perspective, but also because of the significant potential of such s…

quant-ph2023

Application-Oriented Performance Benchmarks for Quantum Computing

Thomas Lubinski, Sonika Johri, Paul Varosy +6

In this work we introduce an open source suite of quantum application-oriented performance benchmarks that is designed to measure the effectiveness of quantum computing hardware at…

quant-ph2021

Efficient flexible characterization of quantum processors with nested error models

Erik Nielsen, Kenneth Rudinger, Timothy Proctor +2

We present a simple and powerful technique for finding a good error model for a quantum processor. The technique iteratively tests a nested sequence of models against data obtained…

quant-ph2023

Benchmarking quantum logic operations relative to thresholds for fault tolerance

Akel Hashim, Stefan Seritan, Timothy Proctor +6

Contemporary methods for benchmarking noisy quantum processors typically measure average error rates or process infidelities. However, thresholds for fault-tolerant quantum error c…

quant-ph2025

Software for Creating Scalable Benchmarks from Quantum Algorithms

Noah Siekierski, Stefan Seritan, Neer Patel +3

Creating scalable, reliable, and well-motivated benchmarks for quantum computers is challenging: straightforward approaches to benchmarking suffer from exponential scaling, are ins…

quant-ph2025

Quantum Characterization, Verification, and Validation

Robin Blume-Kohout, Timothy Proctor, Kevin Young

Quantum characterization, verification, and validation (QCVV) is a set of techniques to probe, describe, and assess the behavior of quantum bits (qubits), quantum information-proce…

quant-ph2025

Easy better quantum process tomography

Robin Blume-Kohout, Kenneth Rudinger, Timothy Proctor

Quantum process tomography (QPT), used to estimate the linear map that best describes a quantum operation, is usually performed using a priori assumptions about state preparation a…

quant-ph2023

Scalable Full-Stack Benchmarks for Quantum Computers

Jordan Hines, Timothy Proctor

Quantum processors are now able to run quantum circuits that are infeasible to simulate classically, creating a need for benchmarks that assess a quantum processor's rate of errors…

quant-ph2025

Benchmarking quantum computers with any quantum algorithm

Stefan K. Seritan, Aditya Dhumuntarao, Aidan Q. Wilber-Gauthier +5

Application-based benchmarks are increasingly used to quantify and compare quantum computers' performance. However, because contemporary quantum computers cannot run utility-scale…

quant-ph2023

Predictive Models from Quantum Computer Benchmarks

Daniel Hothem, Jordan Hines, Karthik Nataraj +2

Holistic benchmarks for quantum computers are essential for testing and summarizing the performance of quantum hardware. However, holistic benchmarks -- such as algorithmic or rand…

quant-ph2025

A Theory of Direct Randomized Benchmarking

Anthony M. Polloreno, Arnaud Carignan-Dugas, Jordan Hines +3

Randomized benchmarking (RB) protocols are widely used to measure an average error rate for a set of quantum logic gates. However, the standard version of RB is limited because it…

quant-ph2024

Pauli Noise Learning for Mid-Circuit Measurements

Jordan Hines, Timothy Proctor

Current benchmarks for mid-circuit measurements (MCMs) are limited in scalability or the types of error they can quantify, necessitating new techniques for quantifying their perfor…

quant-ph2023

A simple asymptotically optimal Clifford circuit compilation algorithm

Timothy Proctor, Kevin Young

We present an algorithm that decomposes any -qubit Clifford operator into a circuit consisting of three subcircuits containing only CNOT or CPHASE gates with layers of one-qubit…

quant-ph2021

Characterizing mid-circuit measurements on a superconducting qubit using gate set tomography

Kenneth Rudinger, Guilhem J. Ribeill, Luke C. G. Govia +6

Measurements that occur within the internal layers of a quantum circuit -- mid-circuit measurements -- are an important quantum computing primitive, most notably for quantum error…

quant-ph2020

Detecting crosstalk errors in quantum information processors

Mohan Sarovar, Timothy Proctor, Kenneth Rudinger +3

Crosstalk occurs in most quantum computing systems with more than one qubit. It can cause a variety of correlated and nonlocal crosstalk errors that can be especially harmful to fa…

quant-ph2025

A Practical Introduction to Benchmarking and Characterization of Quantum Computers

Akel Hashim, Long B. Nguyen, Noah Goss +16

Rapid progress in quantum technology has transformed quantum computing and quantum information science from theoretical possibilities into tangible engineering challenges. Breakthr…

quant-ph2025

Efficient simulation of Clifford circuits with small Markovian errors

Ashe Miller, Corey Ostrove, Jordan Hines +3

Classical simulation of noisy quantum circuits is essential for understanding quantum computing experiments. It enables scalable error characterization, analysis of how noise impac…

quant-ph2025

Helios: A 98-qubit trapped-ion quantum computer

Anthony Ransford, M. S. Allman, Jake Arkinstall +183

We report on Quantinuum Helios, a 98-qubit trapped-ion quantum processor based on the quantum charge-coupled device (QCCD) architecture. Helios features Ba hyperfine…

quant-ph2024

Learning a quantum computer's capability

Daniel Hothem, Kevin Young, Tommie Catanach +1

Accurately predicting a quantum computer's capability -- which circuits it can run and how well it can run them -- is a foundational goal of quantum characterization and benchmarki…

quant-ph2025

When Clifford benchmarks are sufficient; estimating application performance with scalable proxy circuits

Seth Merkel, Timothy Proctor, Samuele Ferracin +4

The goal of benchmarking is to determine how far the output of a noisy system is from its ideal behavior; this becomes exceedingly difficult for large quantum systems where classic…

quant-ph2025

Featuremetric benchmarking: Quantum computer benchmarks based on circuit features

Timothy Proctor, Anh Tran, Xingxin Liu +4

Benchmarks that concisely summarize the performance of many-qubit quantum computers are essential for measuring progress towards the goal of useful quantum computation. In this wor…

quant-ph2020

Detecting and tracking drift in quantum information processors

Timothy Proctor, Melissa Revelle, Erik Nielsen +5

If quantum information processors are to fulfill their potential, the diverse errors that affect them must be understood and suppressed. But errors typically fluctuate over time, a…

quant-ph2024

Measuring error rates of mid-circuit measurements

Daniel Hothem, Jordan Hines, Charles Baldwin +3

High-fidelity mid-circuit measurements, which read out the state of specific qubits in a multiqubit processor without destroying them or disrupting their neighbors, are a critical…

quant-ph2017

What randomized benchmarking actually measures

Timothy Proctor, Kenneth Rudinger, Kevin Young +2

Randomized benchmarking (RB) is widely used to measure an error rate of a set of quantum gates, by performing random circuits that would do nothing if the gates were perfect. In th…

quant-ph2026

Establishing trust in quantum computations

Timothy Proctor, Stefan Seritan, Erik Nielsen +4

Quantum computing hardware has grown sufficiently complex that it often can no longer be simulated by classical computers, but its computational power remains limited by errors. Th…

quant-ph2022

Scalable randomized benchmarking of quantum computers using mirror circuits

Timothy Proctor, Stefan Seritan, Kenneth Rudinger +3

The performance of quantum gates is often assessed using some form of randomized benchmarking. However, the existing methods become infeasible for more than approximately five qubi…

quant-ph2021

Experimental Characterization of Crosstalk Errors with Simultaneous Gate Set Tomography

Kenneth Rudinger, Craig W. Hogle, Ravi K. Naik +11

Crosstalk is a leading source of failure in multiqubit quantum information processors. It can arise from a wide range of disparate physical phenomena, and can introduce subtle corr…

quant-ph2017

Ancilla-driven quantum computation for qudits and continuous variables

Timothy Proctor, Melissa Giulian, Natalia Korolkova +2

Although qubits are the leading candidate for the basic elements in a quantum computer, there are also a range of reasons to consider using higher dimensional qudits or quantum con…

quant-ph2024

A Comprehensive Cross-Model Framework for Benchmarking the Performance of Quantum Hamiltonian Simulations

Avimita Chatterjee, Sonny Rappaport, Anish Giri +5

Quantum Hamiltonian simulation is one of the most promising applications of quantum computing and forms the basis for many quantum algorithms. Benchmarking them is an important gau…

quant-ph2026

The Road to Useful Quantum Computers

Timothy Proctor, Robin Blume-Kohout, Andrew Baczewski

Building a useful quantum computer is a grand science and engineering challenge, currently pursued intensely by teams around the world. In the 1980s, Richard Feynman and Yuri Manin…

quant-ph2023

Demonstrating scalable randomized benchmarking of universal gate sets

Jordan Hines, Marie Lu, Ravi K. Naik +12

Randomized benchmarking (RB) protocols are the most widely used methods for assessing the performance of quantum gates. However, the existing RB methods either do not scale to many…

quant-ph2024

Fully scalable randomized benchmarking without motion reversal

Jordan Hines, Daniel Hothem, Robin Blume-Kohout +2

We introduce binary randomized benchmarking (BiRB), a protocol that streamlines traditional RB by using circuits consisting almost entirely of i.i.d. layers of gates. BiRB reliably…

quant-ph2020

Probing quantum processor performance with pyGSTi

Erik Nielsen, Kenneth Rudinger, Timothy Proctor +3

PyGSTi is a Python software package for assessing and characterizing the performance of quantum computing processors. It can be used as a standalone application, or as a library, t…

quant-ph2021

A taxonomy of small Markovian errors

Robin Blume-Kohout, Marcus P. da Silva, Erik Nielsen +4

Errors in quantum logic gates are usually modeled by quantum process matrices (CPTP maps). But process matrices can be opaque, and unwieldy. We show how to transform a gate's proce…

quant-ph2025

What is my quantum computer good for? Quantum capability learning with physics-aware neural networks

Daniel Hothem, Ashe Miller, Timothy Proctor

Quantum computers have the potential to revolutionize diverse fields, including quantum chemistry, materials science, and machine learning. However, contemporary quantum computers…