papers

Publications (22)

cs.CR2025

FigStep: Jailbreaking Large Vision-Language Models via Typographic Visual Prompts

Yichen Gong, Delong Ran, Jinyuan Liu +5

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) signify a groundbreaking paradigm shift within the Artificial Intelligence (AI) community, extending beyond the capabilities of Large Language…

cs.CV2025

Can VLMs Detect and Localize Fine-Grained AI-Edited Images?

Zhen Sun, Ziyi Zhang, Zeren Luo +10

Fine-grained detection and localization of localized image edits is crucial for assessing content authenticity, especially as modern diffusion models and image editors can produce…

cs.CR2024

On Evaluating The Performance of Watermarked Machine-Generated Texts Under Adversarial Attacks

Zesen Liu, Tianshuo Cong, Xinlei He +1

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in various applications, including text generation and complex tasks. However, the misuse of LLMs raises concerns about the authenticity and ethi…

cs.CR2025

Beyond the Tip of Efficiency: Uncovering the Submerged Threats of Jailbreak Attacks in Small Language Models

Sibo Yi, Tianshuo Cong, Xinlei He +2

Small language models (SLMs) have become increasingly prominent in the deployment on edge devices due to their high efficiency and low computational cost. While researchers continu…

cs.CL2026

The Benchmark Illusion: Pruned LLMs Can Pass Multiple Choice but Fail to Answer

Rui Wen, Lu Sun, Jiayang Liu +3

Compressing large language models reduces memory use and inference cost, but it can also create failures that standard benchmarks miss. A pruned model may still perform well on mul…

cs.CR2025

LoRA-Leak: Membership Inference Attacks Against LoRA Fine-tuned Language Models

Delong Ran, Xinlei He, Tianshuo Cong +3

Language Models (LMs) typically adhere to a "pre-training and fine-tuning" paradigm, where a universal pre-trained model can be fine-tuned to cater to various specialized domains.…

cs.CR2026

FakeI2V-Bench: Benchmarking the Applicability of Image-level Deepfake Detectors for Deepfake Video Detection

Pei Li, Sihan Chen, Delong Ran +1

Recent advances in video generation models have significantly intensified the deepfake threat, yet the current deepfake video detection benchmarks remain underdeveloped. In particu…

cs.CL2026

Evaluating Implicit Regulatory Compliance in LLM Tool Invocation via Logic-Guided Synthesis

Da Song, Yuheng Huang, Boqi Chen +4

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into autonomous agents has enabled complex tool use, yet in high-stakes domains, these systems must strictly adhere to regulatory st…

cs.CR2025

PEFTGuard: Detecting Backdoor Attacks Against Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning

Zhen Sun, Tianshuo Cong, Yule Liu +5

Fine-tuning is an essential process to improve the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in specific domains, with Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) gaining popularity d…

cs.CR2022

SSLGuard: A Watermarking Scheme for Self-supervised Learning Pre-trained Encoders

Tianshuo Cong, Xinlei He, Yang Zhang

Self-supervised learning is an emerging machine learning paradigm. Compared to supervised learning which leverages high-quality labeled datasets, self-supervised learning relies on…

cs.CR2025

CL-Attack: Textual Backdoor Attacks via Cross-Lingual Triggers

Jingyi Zheng, Tianyi Hu, Tianshuo Cong +1

Backdoor attacks significantly compromise the security of large language models by triggering them to output specific and controlled content. Currently, triggers for textual backdo…

cs.CR2024

Have You Merged My Model? On The Robustness of Large Language Model IP Protection Methods Against Model Merging

Tianshuo Cong, Delong Ran, Zesen Liu +6

Model merging is a promising lightweight model empowerment technique that does not rely on expensive computing devices (e.g., GPUs) or require the collection of specific training d…

cs.CR2026

Robust Watermarks Meet Backdoored Models: Evading Diffusion Semantic Watermarks via Stealthy Backdoor

Jinyuan Liu, Tianshuo Cong, Pei Li +4

Although semantic watermarking is considered a promising safeguard for images generated by Latent Diffusion Models (LDMs), the reliance of the watermark detection pipeline on neura…

cs.CR2025

SoK: Benchmarking Poisoning Attacks and Defenses in Federated Learning

Heyi Zhang, Yule Liu, Xinlei He +3

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training while preserving data privacy, but its decentralized nature exposes it to client-side data poisoning attacks (DPAs) and…

cs.CR2025

Watermarking LLM-Generated Datasets in Downstream Tasks

Yugeng Liu, Tianshuo Cong, Michael Backes +2

Large Language Models (LLMs) have experienced rapid advancements, with applications spanning a wide range of fields, including sentiment classification, review generation, and ques…

cs.CR2025

JailbreakEval: An Integrated Toolkit for Evaluating Jailbreak Attempts Against Large Language Models

Delong Ran, Jinyuan Liu, Yichen Gong +4

Jailbreak attacks induce Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate harmful responses, posing severe misuse threats. Though research on jailbreak attacks and defenses is emerging, th…

cs.CR2026

Robustness Over Time: Understanding Adversarial Examples' Effectiveness on Longitudinal Versions of Large Language Models

Yugeng Liu, Tianshuo Cong, Zhengyu Zhao +3

Large Language Models (LLMs) undergo continuous updates to improve user experience. However, prior research on the security and safety implications of LLMs has primarily focused on…

cs.CR2023

Test-Time Poisoning Attacks Against Test-Time Adaptation Models

Tianshuo Cong, Xinlei He, Yun Shen +1

Deploying machine learning (ML) models in the wild is challenging as it suffers from distribution shifts, where the model trained on an original domain cannot generalize well to un…

cs.CR2026

Cryptanalysis of LDPC-Based Pseudorandom Error-Correcting Codes

Tianrui Wang, Anyu Wang, Tianshuo Cong +3

Pseudorandom error-correcting codes (PRCs), a novel cryptographic primitive recently proposed at CRYPTO 2024, are primarily applied in undetectable watermarking schemes for large g…

cs.CR2026

Auditing Data Membership in Reinforcement Learning With Verifiable Rewards

Yule Liu, Heyi Zhang, Jinyi Zheng +6

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has become a core training stage in recent large language models (LLMs). Its reliance on non-public, high-value prompt sets ra…

cs.CR2024

Jailbreak Attacks and Defenses Against Large Language Models: A Survey

Sibo Yi, Yule Liu, Zhen Sun +5

Large Language Models (LLMs) have performed exceptionally in various text-generative tasks, including question answering, translation, code completion, etc. However, the over-assis…

cs.CR2026

From Defender to Devil? Unintended Risk Interactions Induced by LLM Defenses

Xiangtao Meng, Tianshuo Cong, Li Wang +4

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across various applications, but their deployment in real-world settings faces several risks, including jailbreak att…