papers

Publications (34)

cs.NI2024

OSMOSIS: Enabling Multi-Tenancy in Datacenter SmartNICs

Mikhail Khalilov, Marcin Chrapek, Siyuan Shen +7

Multi-tenancy is essential for unleashing SmartNIC's potential in datacenters. Our systematic analysis in this work shows that existing on-path SmartNICs have resource multiplexing…

cs.AR2026

Implementing and Optimizing an Open-Source SD-card Host Controller for RISC-V SoCs

Axel Vanoni, Philippe Sauter, Paul Scheffler +4

Recent announcements have shown the viability of end-to-end open-source (OS) Linux-capable RISC-V systems on chip (SoCs). However, practical application and software development pl…

cs.AR2025

Towards Reliable Systems: A Scalable Approach to AXI4 Transaction Monitoring

Chaoqun Liang, Thomas Benz, Alessandro Ottaviano +3

In safety-critical SoC applications such as automotive and aerospace, reliable transaction monitoring is crucial for maintaining system integrity. This paper introduces a drop-in T…

cs.AR2026

Croc: Training the Next Generation Chip Designers on Domain-Specific End-to-End Open Source Silicon

Enrico Zelioli, Philippe Sauter, Thomas Benz +5

The demand for domain-specific systems-on-chip (SoCs) in artificial intelligence, robotics, and automotive systems is increasing the need for engineers with hands-on expertise on v…

cs.AR2023

Near-Memory Parallel Indexing and Coalescing: Enabling Highly Efficient Indirect Access for SpMV

Chi Zhang, Paul Scheffler, Thomas Benz +2

Sparse matrix vector multiplication (SpMV) is central to numerous data-intensive applications, but requires streaming indirect memory accesses that severely degrade both processing…

cs.AR2023

AXI-REALM: A Lightweight and Modular Interconnect Extension for Traffic Regulation and Monitoring of Heterogeneous Real-Time SoCs

Thomas Benz, Alessandro Ottaviano, Robert Balas +4

The increasing demand for heterogeneous functionality in the automotive industry and the evolution of chip manufacturing processes have led to the transition from federated to inte…

cs.AR2025

FlatAttention: Dataflow and Fabric Collectives Co-Optimization for Efficient Multi-Head Attention on Tile-Based Many-PE Accelerators

Chi Zhang, Luca Colagrande, Renzo Andri +6

Multi-Head Attention (MHA) is a critical computational kernel in transformer-based AI models. Emerging scalable tile-based accelerator architectures integrate increasing numbers of…

cs.AR2023

A High-performance, Energy-efficient Modular DMA Engine Architecture

Thomas Benz, Michael Rogenmoser, Paul Scheffler +5

Data transfers are essential in today's computing systems as latency and complex memory access patterns are increasingly challenging to manage. Direct memory access engines (DMAEs)…

cs.PF2025

Data-Driven Power Modeling and Monitoring via Hardware Performance Counter Tracking

Sergio Mazzola, Gabriele Ara, Thomas Benz +3

Energy-centric design is paramount in the current embedded computing era: use cases require increasingly high performance at an affordable power budget, often under real-time const…

cs.AR2025

A Direct Memory Access Controller (DMAC) for Irregular Data Transfers on RISC-V Linux Systems

Thomas Benz, Axel Vanoni, Michael Rogenmoser +1

With the ever-growing heterogeneity in computing systems, driven by modern machine learning applications, pressure is increasing on memory systems to handle arbitrary and more dema…

cs.AR2025

FlooNoC: A 645 Gbps/link 0.15 pJ/B/hop Open-Source NoC with Wide Physical Links and End-to-End AXI4 Parallel Multi-Stream Support

Tim Fischer, Michael Rogenmoser, Thomas Benz +2

The new generation of domain-specific AI accelerators is characterized by rapidly increasing demands for bulk data transfers, as opposed to small, latency-critical cache line trans…

cs.AR2025

Occamy: A 432-Core Dual-Chiplet Dual-HBM2E 768-DP-GFLOP/s RISC-V System for 8-to-64-bit Dense and Sparse Computing in 12nm FinFET

Paul Scheffler, Thomas Benz, Viviane Potocnik +12

ML and HPC applications increasingly combine dense and sparse memory access computations to maximize storage efficiency. However, existing CPUs and GPUs struggle to flexibly handle…

cs.AR2021

An Open-Source Platform for High-Performance Non-Coherent On-Chip Communication

Andreas Kurth, Wolfgang Rönninger, Thomas Benz +4

On-chip communication infrastructure is a central component of modern systems-on-chip (SoCs), and it continues to gain importance as the number of cores, the heterogeneity of compo…

cs.AR2024

Basilisk: Achieving Competitive Performance with Open EDA Tools on an Open-Source Linux-Capable RISC-V SoC

Phillippe Sauter, Thomas Benz, Paul Scheffler +4

We introduce Basilisk, an optimized application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) implementation and design flow building on the end-to-end open-source Iguana system-on-chip (SoC)…

cs.PF2024

Data-Driven Power Modeling and Monitoring via Hardware Performance Counters Tracking

Sergio Mazzola, Gabriele Ara, Thomas Benz +3

In the current high-performance and embedded computing era, full-stack energy-centric design is paramount. Use cases require increasingly high performance at an affordable power bu…

cs.PF2023

A Data-Driven Approach to Lightweight DVFS-Aware Counter-Based Power Modeling for Heterogeneous Platforms

Sergio Mazzola, Thomas Benz, Björn Forsberg +1

Computing systems have shifted towards highly parallel and heterogeneous architectures to tackle the challenges imposed by limited power budgets. These architectures must be suppor…

cs.AR2026

HyperCroc: End-to-End Open-Source RISC-V MCU with a Plug-In Interface for Domain-Specific Accelerators

Philippe Sauter, Thomas Benz, Paul Scheffler +1

Domain-Specific architectures with accelerators for machine learning and signal processing require efficient bulk data movement and high-bandwidth access to large datasets. Such ca…

cs.AR2024

Insights from Basilisk: Are Open-Source EDA Tools Ready for a Multi-Million-Gate, Linux-Booting RV64 SoC Design?

Philippe Sauter, Thomas Benz, Paul Scheffler +2

Designing complex, multi-million-gate application-specific integrated circuits requires robust and mature electronic design automation (EDA) tools. We describe our efforts in enhan…

cs.NI2021

PsPIN: A high-performance low-power architecture for flexible in-network compute

Salvatore Di Girolamo, Andreas Kurth, Alexandru Calotoiu +5

The capacity of offloading data and control tasks to the network is becoming increasingly important, especially if we consider the faster growth of network speed when compared to C…

cs.AR2025

ControlPULPlet: A Flexible Real-time Multi-core RISC-V Controller for 2.5D Systems-in-package

Alessandro Ottaviano, Robert Balas, Tim Fischer +3

The growing complexity of real-time control algorithms with increasing performance demands, along with the shift to 2.5D technology, drive the need for scalable controllers to mana…

cs.AR2025

Toward Open-Source Chiplets for HPC and AI: Occamy and Beyond

Paul Scheffler, Thomas Benz, Tim Fischer +3

We present a roadmap for open-source chiplet-based RISC-V systems targeting high-performance computing and artificial intelligence, aiming to close the performance gap to proprieta…

cs.AR2022

AXI-Pack: Near-Memory Bus Packing for Bandwidth-Efficient Irregular Workloads

Chi Zhang, Paul Scheffler, Thomas Benz +2

Data-intensive applications involving irregular memory streams are inefficiently handled by modern processors and memory systems highly optimized for regular, contiguous data. Rece…

cs.AR2025

A Reliable, Time-Predictable Heterogeneous SoC for AI-Enhanced Mixed-Criticality Edge Applications

Angelo Garofalo, Alessandro Ottaviano, Matteo Perotti +20

Next-generation mixed-criticality Systems-on-chip (SoCs) for robotics, automotive, and space must execute mixed-criticality AI-enhanced sensor processing and control workloads, ens…

cs.AR2026

Development of an Energy-Efficient and Real-Time Data Movement Strategy for Next-Generation Heterogeneous Mixed-Criticality Systems

Thomas Benz

Industrial domains such as automotive, robotics, and aerospace are rapidly evolving to satisfy the increasing demand for machine-learning-driven Autonomy, Connectivity, Electrifica…

cs.AR2025

AXI-REALM: Safe, Modular and Lightweight Traffic Monitoring and Regulation for Heterogeneous Mixed-Criticality Systems

Thomas Benz, Alessandro Ottaviano, Chaoqun Liang +6

The automotive industry is transitioning from federated, homogeneous, interconnected devices to integrated, heterogeneous, mixed-criticality systems (MCS). This leads to challenges…

cs.AR2025

Basilisk: A 34 mm2 End-to-End Open-Source 64-bit Linux-Capable RISC-V SoC in 130nm BiCMOS

Philippe Sauter, Thomas Benz, Paul Scheffler +3

End-to-end open-source electronic design automation (OSEDA) enables a collaborative approach to chip design conducive to supply chain diversification and zero-trust step-by-step de…

cs.OH2025

ArtistIC: An Open-Source Toolchain for Top-Metal IC Art and Ultra-High-Fidelity GDSII Renders

Thomas Benz, Paul Scheffler, Nils Wistoff +3

Open-source projects require outreach material to grow their community, secure funds, and strengthen their influence. Numbers, specifications, and facts alone are intangible to uni…

cs.AR2024

Basilisk: An End-to-End Open-Source Linux-Capable RISC-V SoC in 130nm CMOS

Paul Scheffler, Philippe Sauter, Thomas Benz +2

Open-source hardware (OSHW) is rapidly gaining traction in academia and industry. The availability of open RTL descriptions, EDA tools, and even PDKs enables a fully auditable supp…

cs.AR2023

Cheshire: A Lightweight, Linux-Capable RISC-V Host Platform for Domain-Specific Accelerator Plug-In

Alessandro Ottaviano, Thomas Benz, Paul Scheffler +1

Power and cost constraints in the internet-of-things (IoT) extreme-edge and TinyML domains, coupled with increasing performance requirements, motivate a trend toward heterogeneous…

cs.AR2024

SentryCore: A RISC-V Co-Processor System for Safe, Real-Time Control Applications

Michael Rogenmoser, Alessandro Ottaviano, Thomas Benz +4

In the last decade, we have witnessed exponential growth in the complexity of control systems for safety-critical applications (automotive, robots, industrial automation) and their…

cs.AR2024

A Gigabit, DMA-enhanced Open-Source Ethernet Controller for Mixed-Criticality Systems

Chaoqun Liang, Alessandro Ottaviano, Thomas Benz +4

The ongoing revolution in application domains targeting autonomous navigation, first and foremost automotive "zonalization", has increased the importance of certain off-chip commun…

cs.AR2023

PATRONoC: Parallel AXI Transport Reducing Overhead for Networks-on-Chip targeting Multi-Accelerator DNN Platforms at the Edge

Vikram Jain, Matheus Cavalcante, Nazareno Bruschi +6

Emerging deep neural network (DNN) applications require high-performance multi-core hardware acceleration with large data bursts. Classical network-on-chips (NoCs) use serial packe…

cs.AR2024

Occamy: A 432-Core 28.1 DP-GFLOP/s/W 83% FPU Utilization Dual-Chiplet, Dual-HBM2E RISC-V-based Accelerator for Stencil and Sparse Linear Algebra Computations with 8-to-64-bit Floating-Point Support in 12nm FinFET

Gianna Paulin, Paul Scheffler, Thomas Benz +11

We present Occamy, a 432-core RISC-V dual-chiplet 2.5D system for efficient sparse linear algebra and stencil computations on FP64 and narrow (32-, 16-, 8-bit) SIMD FP data. Occamy…

cs.AR2025

Croc: An End-to-End Open-Source Extensible RISC-V MCU Platform to Democratize Silicon

Phillippe Sauter, Thomas Benz, Paul Scheffler +6

Ensuring a continuous and growing influx of skilled chip designers and a smooth path from education to innovation are key goals for several national and international "Chips Acts".…