papers

Publications (69)

math.DS2022

Recurrence rates for shifts of finite type

Demi Allen, Simon Baker, Balázs Bárány

Let be a topologically mixing shift of finite type, let be the usual left-shift, and let be the Gibbs measure for a Hölder continuous potential…

math.DS2025

Distinct dimensions for attractors of bi-Lipschitz iterated function systems

Simon Baker, Amlan Banaji, De-Jun Feng +2

In this paper, we construct an iterated function system on the line consisting of two bi-Lipschitz contractions whose attractor has distinct lower, Hausdorff, lower box, upper box,…

math.NT2016

On periodic representations in non-Pisot bases

Simon Baker, Zuzana Masáková, Edita Pelantová +1

We study periodic expansions in positional number systems with a base $β\in\C,\ |β|>1$, and with coefficients in a finite set of digits $\A\subset\C.$ We are interested in determ…

math.DS2018

On the complexity of the set of codings for self-similar sets and a variation on the construction of Champernowne

Simon Baker, Derong Kong

Let be a collection of points in The set naturally gives rise to a family of iterated function systems consisting of co…

math.DS2017

Entropy, topological transitivity, and dimensional properties of unique -expansions

Rafael Alcaraz Barrera, Simon Baker, Derong Kong

Let be a positive integer and We consider expansions of real numbers in base over the alphabet . In particular, we study the set $\mathcal{…

math.NT2016

On the regularity of the generalised golden ratio function

Simon Baker, Wolfgang Steiner

Given a finite set of real numbers , the generalised golden ratio is the unique real number for which we only have trivial unique expansions in smaller base…

math.NT2021

Metric results for numbers with multiple -expansions

Simon Baker, Yuru Zou

Let be a positive integer and . A -expansion of a real number is a sequence with such that $x=\sum_{i=1}^{…

math.DS2021

On normal numbers and self-similar measures

Amir Algom, Simon Baker, Pablo Shmerkin

Let be a self-similar IFS on and let be a Pisot number. We prove that if

math.DS2025

On finitely many base expansions

Simon Baker, George Bender

Given some integer , we find the first explicit collection of countably many intervals in such that for any in one of these intervals, the set of points with…

math.DS2023

Spectral gaps and Fourier dimension for self-conformal sets with overlaps

Simon Baker, Tuomas Sahlsten

We prove a uniform spectral gap for complex transfer operators near the critical line associated to overlapping iterated function systems on the real line satisfying a Unifor…

math.DS2021

New dimension bounds for sets

Simon Baker

In this paper we obtain new lower bounds for the upper box dimension of sets. As a corollary of our main result, we show that if is not a Liouville number and is a…

cs.CL2020

Stylistic Dialogue Generation via Information-Guided Reinforcement Learning Strategy

Yixuan Su, Deng Cai, Yan Wang +4

Stylistic response generation is crucial for building an engaging dialogue system for industrial use. While it has attracted much research interest, existing methods often generate…

math.DS2023

On the cardinality and dimension of the slices of Okamoto's functions

Simon Baker, George Bender

The graphs of Okamoto's functions, denoted by , are self-affine fractal curves contained in , parameterised by . In this paper we consider the cardinalit…

math.DS2019

An infinitely generated self-similar set with positive Lebesgue measure and empty interior

Simon Baker, Nikita Sidorov

Peres and Solomyak asked the question: Do there exist self-similar sets with positive Lebesgue measure and empty interior? This question was answered in the affirmative by Csörnye…

eess.IV2026

Rethinking Clinical Relevance in Chest X-ray Machine Learning: How Evaluation References Define Performance

Panagiotis Fytas, Ian Selby, Clemens Karner +14

Chest X-ray (CXR) machine learning relies heavily on automated evaluation using reference standards that aim to approximate clinical judgment. However, commonly used report-derived…

math.DS2020

An analogue of Khintchine's theorem for self-conformal sets

Simon Baker

Khintchine's theorem is a classical result from metric number theory which relates the Lebesgue measure of certain limsup sets with the convergence/divergence of naturally occurrin…

math.NT2020

On the pair correlations of powers of real numbers

Christoph Aistleitner, Simon Baker

A classical theorem of Koksma states that for Lebesgue almost every the sequence is uniformly distributed modulo one. In the present paper we extend Ko…

math.NT2017

Root sets of polynomials and power series with finite choices of coefficients

Simon Baker, Han Yu

Given two natural objects to study are the set of zeros of polynomials with coefficients in , $$\{z\in \mathbb{C}: \exists k>0,\, \exists (a_n)\in H^{k+1…

cs.CL2020

Prototype-to-Style: Dialogue Generation with Style-Aware Editing on Retrieval Memory

Yixuan Su, Yan Wang, Simon Baker +4

The ability of a dialog system to express prespecified language style during conversations has a direct, positive impact on its usability and on user satisfaction. We introduce a n…

math.NT2021

Intrinsic Diophantine Approximation for overlapping iterated function systems

Simon Baker

In this paper we study a family of limsup sets that are defined using iterated function systems. Our main result is an analogue of Khintchine's theorem for these sets. We then appl…

math.NT2014

Approximation properties of -expansions

Simon Baker

Let and . We call a sequence a -expansion for if $x=\sum_{i=1}^{\infty}ε_{i}β^{-i}$.…

math.NT2025

A quantitative framework for sets of exact approximation order by rational numbers

Simon Baker, Benjamin Ward

In this paper we study a quantitative notion of exactness within Diophantine approximation. Given and satisfying $\lim_{q\to\…

math.NT2020

Equidistribution results for sequences of polynomials

Simon Baker

Let be a sequence of polynomials and . In this paper we study the distribution of the sequence modulo one. We give sufficien…

math.DS2021

Equidistribution results for self-similar measures

Simon Baker

A well known theorem due to Koksma states that for Lebesgue almost every the sequence is uniformly distributed modulo one. In this paper we give suffic…

math.DS2025

On the Fourier transform of random Bernoulli convolutions

Simon Baker, Henna Koivusalo, Sascha Troscheit +1

We investigate random Bernoulli convolutions, namely, probability measures given by the infinite convolution \[ μ_ω= \mathop{\circledast}_{k=1}^{\infty} \left( \frac{δ_0 + δ_{Î…

math.DS2024

On the strong separation condition for self-similar iterated function systems with random translations

Simon Baker, Derong Kong, Zhiqiang Wang

Given a self-similar iterated function system acting on , we can generate a parameterised family of iterated function system…

math.NT2018

Bifurcation sets arising from non-integer base expansions

Pieter Allaart, Simon Baker, Derong Kong

Given a positive integer and , let be the set of having a unique -expansion: there exists a unique sequence $(x_i)=x_1x_2\ldot…

cs.CL2024

Can Rule-Based Insights Enhance LLMs for Radiology Report Classification? Introducing the RadPrompt Methodology

Panagiotis Fytas, Anna Breger, Ian Selby +3

Developing imaging models capable of detecting pathologies from chest X-rays can be cost and time-prohibitive for large datasets as it requires supervision to attain state-of-the-a…

math.DS2024

Quantitative recurrence and the shrinking target problem for overlapping iterated function systems

Simon Baker, Henna Koivusalo

In this paper we study quantitative recurrence and the shrinking target problem for dynamical systems coming from overlapping iterated function systems. Such iterated function syst…

math.DS2025

Polynomial Fourier decay for fractal measures and their pushforwards

Simon Baker, Amlan Banaji

We prove that the pushforwards of a very general class of fractal measures on under a large family of non-linear maps exh…

math.DS2017

Exceptional digit frequencies and expansions in non-integer bases

Simon Baker

In this paper we study the set of digit frequencies that are realised by elements of the set of -expansions. The main result of this paper demonstrates that as approaches…

math.DS2026

Self-similar and self-conformal measures with slow Fourier decay

Simon Baker, Amlan Banaji

Given any function satisfying , we prove the existence of i) self-similar measures and ii) nonlinear self-…

math.NT2014

On the distribution of powers of real numbers modulo 1

Simon Baker

Given a strictly increasing sequence of positive real numbers tending to infinity , and an arbitrary sequence of real numbers We s…

math.DS2013

On small bases which admit countably many expansions

Simon Baker

Let and . We say that a sequence is an expansion of in base (or a -expansion) if x=\sum_{…

math.DS2020

Iterated function systems with super-exponentially close cylinders II

Simon Baker

Until recently, it was an important open problem in Fractal Geometry to determine whether there exists an iterated function system acting on with no exact overlaps for…

math.DS2012

The growth rate and dimension theory of beta-expansions

Simon Baker

In a recent paper of Feng and Sidorov they show that for the set of -expansions grows exponentially for every . In this…

math.NT2015

Approximation properties of -expansions II

Simon Baker

Given and , a sequence is called a -expansion for if $$x=\sum_{i=1}^{\infty}\frac{ε_{…

math.DS2014

Dynamical properties of S-gap shifts and other shift spaces

Simon Baker, Andrei E. Ghenciu

We study the dynamical properties of certain shift spaces. To help study these properties we introduce two new classes of shifts, namely boundedly supermultiplicative (BSM) shifts…

math.DS2019

Two bifurcation sets arising from the beta transformation with a hole at

Simon Baker, Derong Kong

Given the -transformation on the circle with a hole was investigated by Kalle et al.~(2019). They described the set-…

math.DS2017

Numbers with simply normal -expansions

Simon Baker, Derong Kong

In [Bak] the first author proved that for any every has a simply normal -expansion, where is the Komornik-…

math.CA2015

Inhomogeneous self-similar sets with overlaps

Simon Baker, Jonathan M. Fraser, András Máthé

It is known that if the underlying iterated function system satisfies the open set condition, then the upper box dimension of an inhomogeneous self-similar set is the maximum of th…

math.DS2016

Unique expansions and intersections of Cantor sets

Simon Baker, Derong Kong

To each we associate the Cantor set In this paper we consider the intersection $Γ_…

math.DS2018

Maximising Bernoulli measures and dimension gaps for countable branched systems

Simon Baker, Natalia Jurga

Kifer, Peres, and Weiss proved that there exists such that for any probability measure which makes the digits of the continued fraction expansion…

math.DS2020

Analogues of Khintchine's theorem for random attractors

Simon Baker, Sascha Troscheit

In this paper we study random iterated function systems. Our main result gives sufficient conditions for an analogue of a well known theorem due to Khintchine from Diophantine appr…

cs.CL2021

Few-Shot Table-to-Text Generation with Prototype Memory

Yixuan Su, Zaiqiao Meng, Simon Baker +1

Neural table-to-text generation models have achieved remarkable progress on an array of tasks. However, due to the data-hungry nature of neural models, their performances strongly…

math.DS2013

On universal and periodic -expansions, and the Hausdorff dimension of the set of all expansions

Simon Baker

In this paper we study the topology of a set naturally arising from the study of -expansions. After proving several elementary results for this set we study the case when our b…

math.DS2025

Disintegration results for fractal measures and applications to Diophantine approximation

Simon Baker

In this paper we prove disintegration results for self-conformal measures and affinely irreducible self-similar measures. The measures appearing in the disintegration resemble self…

math.NT2022

A note on dyadic approximation in Cantor's set

Demi Allen, Simon Baker, Sam Chow +1

We consider the convergence theory for dyadic approximation in the middle-third Cantor set, , for approximation functions of the form (). In partic…

math.DS2026

Pair correlation statistics for dynamical systems

Simon Baker, Mike Todd

We study the pair correlation statistics of orbits generated by maps on the interval. We show that under suitable mixing and multifractal assumptions, the pair correlation statisti…

math.DS2024

Fourier Decay from -Flattening

Simon Baker, Osama Khalil, Tuomas Sahlsten

We develop a unified approach for establishing rates of decay for the Fourier transform of a wide class of dynamically defined measures. Among the key features of the method is the…

math.NT2014

Expansions in non-integer bases: lower order revisited

Simon Baker, Nikita Sidorov

Let and . We say that a sequence is an expansion of in base (or a -expansion) if…

math.NT2018

A General Mass Transference Principle

Demi Allen, Simon Baker

In this paper we prove a general form of the Mass Transference Principle for sets defined via neighbourhoods of sets satisfying a certain local scaling property. Such set…

math.DS2020

Quantitative recurrence properties for self-conformal sets

Simon Baker, Michael Farmer

In this paper we study the quantitative recurrence properties of self-conformal sets equipped with the map induced by the left shift. In particular, given a function…

math.NT2022

Approximating elements of the middle third Cantor set with dyadic rationals

Simon Baker

Let be the middle third Cantor set and be the -dimensional Hausdorff measure restricted to . In this paper we study approximations of elements of…

math.DS2019

Iterated function systems with super-exponentially close cylinders

Simon Baker

Several important conjectures in Fractal Geometry can be summarised as follows: If the dimension of a self-similar measure in does not equal its expected value, then t…

math.DS2014

On the cardinality and complexity of the set of codings for self-similar sets with positive Lebesgue measure

Simon Baker

Let be real numbers in and be points in . Consider the collection of maps $f_{j}:\mathbb{R}^{d}\to\mathbb{R}^{d}…

cs.CL2021

Dialogue Response Selection with Hierarchical Curriculum Learning

Yixuan Su, Deng Cai, Qingyu Zhou +6

We study the learning of a matching model for dialogue response selection. Motivated by the recent finding that models trained with random negative samples are not ideal in real-wo…

math.NT2015

On small bases for which has countably many expansions

Yuru Zou, Lijin Wang, Jian Lu +1

Let . A -expansion of a number in is a sequence satisfying $$ x=\sum_{i=1}^\infty\frac{δ_i}{q^i}…

cs.CL2020

Multi-SimLex: A Large-Scale Evaluation of Multilingual and Cross-Lingual Lexical Semantic Similarity

Ivan Vulić, Simon Baker, Edoardo Maria Ponti +9

We introduce Multi-SimLex, a large-scale lexical resource and evaluation benchmark covering datasets for 12 typologically diverse languages, including major languages (e.g., Mandar…

math.DS2012

A multifractal zeta function for cookie cutter sets

Simon Baker

Starting with the work of Lapidus and van Frankenhuysen a number of papers have introduced zeta functions as a way of capturing multifractal information. In this paper we propose a…

math.NT2014

Badly approximable numbers for sequences of balls

Simon Baker

It is a classical result from Diophantine approximation that the set of badly approximable numbers has Lebesgue measure zero. In this paper we generalise this result to more genera…

math.DS2012

Generalised golden ratios over integer alphabets

Simon Baker

It is a well known result that for and there exists uncountably many such t…

math.NT2020

Gap statistics and higher correlations for geometric progressions modulo one

Christoph Aistleitner, Simon Baker, Niclas Technau +1

Koksma's equidistribution theorem from 1935 states that for Lebesgue almost every , the fractional parts of the geometric progression are equidistributed…

math.DS2020

Overlapping iterated function systems from the perspective of Metric Number Theory

Simon Baker

In this paper we develop a new approach for studying overlapping iterated function systems. This approach is inspired by a famous result due to Khintchine from Diophantine approxim…

math.DS2015

Induced Random -transformation

Simon Baker, Karma Dajani

In this article we study the first return map defined on the switch region induced by the greedy and lazy maps. In particular we study the allowable sequences of return times, and…

cs.CL2021

Non-Autoregressive Text Generation with Pre-trained Language Models

Yixuan Su, Deng Cai, Yan Wang +4

Non-autoregressive generation (NAG) has recently attracted great attention due to its fast inference speed. However, the generation quality of existing NAG models still lags behind…

math.DS2014

On univoque points for self-similar sets

Simon Baker, Karma Dajani, Kan Jiang

Let be the unique attractor of an iterated function system. We consider the case where is an interval and study those elements of with a unique codin…

math.DS2021

On normal numbers and self-similar measures

Simon Baker

In this paper we prove that if is an equicontractive iterated function system and is a positive integer satisfying $\frac{\log b}{\log |λ|}\notin\mathbb{…

math.DS2017

Digit frequencies and self-affine sets with non-empty interior

Simon Baker

In this paper we study digit frequencies in the setting of expansions in non-integer bases, and self-affine sets with non-empty interior. Within expansions in non-integer bases we…