papers

Publications (25)

cs.CL2026

What Matters When Building Universal Multilingual Named Entity Recognition Models?

Jonas Golde, Patrick Haller, Alan Akbik

Recent progress in universal multilingual named entity recognition (NER) has been driven by multilingual transformer models, task-specific architectures, custom loss functions, and…

cs.CL2025

Familiarity: Better Evaluation of Zero-Shot Named Entity Recognition by Quantifying Label Shifts in Synthetic Training Data

Jonas Golde, Patrick Haller, Max Ploner +3

Zero-shot named entity recognition (NER) is the task of detecting named entities of specific types (such as 'Person' or 'Medicine') without any training examples. Current research…

cs.CL2024

BabyHGRN: Exploring RNNs for Sample-Efficient Training of Language Models

Patrick Haller, Jonas Golde, Alan Akbik

This paper explores the potential of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and other subquadratic architectures as competitive alternatives to transformer-based models in low-resource l…

cs.CL2023

OpinionGPT: Modelling Explicit Biases in Instruction-Tuned LLMs

Patrick Haller, Ansar Aynetdinov, Alan Akbik

Instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently showcased remarkable ability to generate fitting responses to natural language instructions. However, an open research…

cs.CL2025

FiNERweb: Datasets and Artifacts for Scalable Multilingual Named Entity Recognition

Jonas Golde, Patrick Haller, Alan Akbik

Recent multilingual named entity recognition (NER) work has shown that large language models (LLMs) can provide effective synthetic supervision, yet such datasets have mostly appea…

cs.CL2025

MastermindEval: A Simple But Scalable Reasoning Benchmark

Jonas Golde, Patrick Haller, Fabio Barth +1

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have led to remarkable performance across a wide range of language understanding and mathematical tasks. As a result, increasing…

cs.CL2023

ScanDL: A Diffusion Model for Generating Synthetic Scanpaths on Texts

Lena S. Bolliger, David R. Reich, Patrick Haller +3

Eye movements in reading play a crucial role in psycholinguistic research studying the cognitive mechanisms underlying human language processing. More recently, the tight coupling…

cs.CL2024

Language models emulate certain cognitive profiles: An investigation of how predictability measures interact with individual differences

Patrick Haller, Lena S. Bolliger, Lena A. Jäger

To date, most investigations on surprisal and entropy effects in reading have been conducted on the group level, disregarding individual differences. In this work, we revisit the p…

cs.CL2026

Repetition over Diversity: High-Signal Data Filtering for Sample-Efficient German Language Modeling

Ansar Aynetdinov, Patrick Haller, Alan Akbik

Recent research has shown that filtering massive English web corpora into high-quality subsets significantly improves training efficiency. However, for high-resource non-English la…

cs.CL2024

PoTeC: A German Naturalistic Eye-tracking-while-reading Corpus

Deborah N. Jakobi, Thomas Kern, David R. Reich +2

The Potsdam Textbook Corpus (PoTeC) is a naturalistic eye-tracking-while-reading corpus containing data from 75 participants reading 12 scientific texts. PoTeC is the first natural…

cs.CL2024

EMTeC: A Corpus of Eye Movements on Machine-Generated Texts

Lena Sophia Bolliger, Patrick Haller, Isabelle Caroline Rose Cretton +3

The Eye Movements on Machine-Generated Texts Corpus (EMTeC) is a naturalistic eye-movements-while-reading corpus of 107 native English speakers reading machine-generated texts. The…

cs.CL2022

Eye-tracking based classification of Mandarin Chinese readers with and without dyslexia using neural sequence models

Patrick Haller, Andreas Säuberli, Sarah Elisabeth Kiener +3

Eye movements are known to reflect cognitive processes in reading, and psychological reading research has shown that eye gaze patterns differ between readers with and without dysle…

cs.CL2022

BigBIO: A Framework for Data-Centric Biomedical Natural Language Processing

Jason Alan Fries, Leon Weber, Natasha Seelam +40

Training and evaluating language models increasingly requires the construction of meta-datasets --diverse collections of curated data with clear provenance. Natural language prompt…

cs.CL2023

BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model

BigScience Workshop, :, Teven Le Scao +391

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to wi…

cs.CL2025

Sample-Efficient Language Modeling with Linear Attention and Lightweight Enhancements

Patrick Haller, Jonas Golde, Alan Akbik

We study architectural and optimization techniques for sample-efficient language modeling under the constraints of the BabyLM 2025 shared task. Our model, BLaLM, replaces self-atte…

cs.CL2021

Revisiting the Uniform Information Density Hypothesis

Clara Meister, Tiago Pimentel, Patrick Haller +3

The uniform information density (UID) hypothesis posits a preference among language users for utterances structured such that information is distributed uniformly across a signal.…

cs.CL2024

Fabricator: An Open Source Toolkit for Generating Labeled Training Data with Teacher LLMs

Jonas Golde, Patrick Haller, Felix Hamborg +2

Most NLP tasks are modeled as supervised learning and thus require labeled training data to train effective models. However, manually producing such data at sufficient quality and…

cs.CL2023

Eyettention: An Attention-based Dual-Sequence Model for Predicting Human Scanpaths during Reading

Shuwen Deng, David R. Reich, Paul Prasse +3

Eye movements during reading offer insights into both the reader's cognitive processes and the characteristics of the text that is being read. Hence, the analysis of scanpaths in r…

cs.CL2026

What Matters in Linearizing Language Models? A Comparative Study of Architecture, Scale, and Task Adaptation

Patrick Haller, Jonas Golde, Alan Akbik

Linearization has emerged as a strategy for developing efficient language models (LMs). Starting from an existing Transformer-based LM, linearization replaces the attention compone…

cs.CV2025

PISA-Bench: The PISA Index as a Multilingual and Multimodal Metric for the Evaluation of Vision-Language Models

Patrick Haller, Fabio Barth, Jonas Golde +2

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in multimodal reasoning. However, existing benchmarks remain limited in terms of high-quality, human-verified ex…

cs.AI2024

PECC: Problem Extraction and Coding Challenges

Patrick Haller, Jonas Golde, Alan Akbik

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have showcased their exceptional abilities across various tasks, such as code generation, problem-solving and reasoning. Existin…

cs.CL2025

Leveraging In-Context Learning for Political Bias Testing of LLMs

Patrick Haller, Jannis Vamvas, Rico Sennrich +1

A growing body of work has been querying LLMs with political questions to evaluate their potential biases. However, this probing method has limited stability, making comparisons be…

cs.CL2025

From Data to Knowledge: Evaluating How Efficiently Language Models Learn Facts

Daniel Christoph, Max Ploner, Patrick Haller +1

Sample efficiency is a crucial property of language models with practical implications for training efficiency. In real-world text, information follows a long-tailed distribution.…

cs.CL2025

LLM Knowledge is Brittle: Truthfulness Representations Rely on Superficial Resemblance

Patrick Haller, Mark Ibrahim, Polina Kirichenko +2

For Large Language Models (LLMs) to be reliable, they must learn robust knowledge that can be generally applied in diverse settings -- often unlike those seen during training. Yet,…

cs.CL2024

Digital Comprehensibility Assessment of Simplified Texts among Persons with Intellectual Disabilities

Andreas Säuberli, Franz Holzknecht, Patrick Haller +4

Text simplification refers to the process of increasing the comprehensibility of texts. Automatic text simplification models are most commonly evaluated by experts or crowdworkers…