Publications (16)
The Common Origin of High-energy Protons in Solar Energetic Particle Events and Sustained Gamma-ray Emission from the Sun
N. Gopalswamy, S. Yashiro, P. Makela +2
We report that the number of > 500 MeV protons (Ng) inferred from sustained gamma ray emission (SGRE) from the Sun is significantly correlated with that of protons propagating into…
Intense Geomagnetic Storms during Solar Cycles 23-25
N. Gopalswamy, S. Akiyama, S. Yashiro +2
Intense geomagnetic storms are characterized by a minimum value of the Dst index at or below -100 nT. It is well known that these storms are caused by the southward magnetic fields…
Interplanetary shocks lacking type II radio bursts
N. Gopalswamy, H. Xie, P. Makela +5
We report on the radio-emission characteristics of 222 interplanetary (IP) shocks. A surprisingly large fraction of the IP shocks (~34%) is radio quiet (i.e., the shocks lacked typ…
Major Solar Eruptions and High Energy Particle Events during Solar Cycle 24
N. Gopalswamy, H. Xie, S. Akiyama +2
We report on a study of all major solar eruptions that occurred on the front-side of the Sun during the rise to peak phase of cycle 24 (first 62 months) in order to understand the…
Radio-loud CMEs from the disk center lacking shocks at 1 AU
N. Gopalswamy, P. Makela, S. Akiyama +4
A coronal mass ejection (CME) associated with a type II burst and originating close to the center of the solar disk typically results in a shock at Earth in 2-3 days and hence can…
On the Shock Source of Sustained Gamma-Ray Emission from the Sun
N Gopalswamy, P. Makela, S. Yashiro +3
It has recently been shown that the spatially and temporally extended gamma-ray emission in solar eruptions are caused by greater than 300 MeV protons precipitating on the Sun from…