papers

Publications (86)

cs.CV2022

Towards Open-Set Object Detection and Discovery

Jiyang Zheng, Weihao Li, Jie Hong +2

With the human pursuit of knowledge, open-set object detection (OSOD) has been designed to identify unknown objects in a dynamic world. However, an issue with the current setting i…

cs.CV2020

Question-Agnostic Attention for Visual Question Answering

Moshiur R Farazi, Salman H Khan, Nick Barnes

Visual Question Answering (VQA) models employ attention mechanisms to discover image locations that are most relevant for answering a specific question. For this purpose, several m…

cs.LG2010

Totally Corrective Multiclass Boosting with Binary Weak Learners

Zhihui Hao, Chunhua Shen, Nick Barnes +1

In this work, we propose a new optimization framework for multiclass boosting learning. In the literature, AdaBoost.MO and AdaBoost.ECC are the two successful multiclass boosting a…

cs.CV2021

Learning structure-aware semantic segmentation with image-level supervision

Jiawei Liu, Jing Zhang, Yicong Hong +1

Compared with expensive pixel-wise annotations, image-level labels make it possible to learn semantic segmentation in a weakly-supervised manner. Within this pipeline, the class ac…

cs.CV2020

Dense-Resolution Network for Point Cloud Classification and Segmentation

Shi Qiu, Saeed Anwar, Nick Barnes

Point cloud analysis is attracting attention from Artificial Intelligence research since it can be widely used in applications such as robotics, Augmented Reality, self-driving. Ho…

cs.CV2026

Colon-X: Advancing Intelligent Colonoscopy toward Clinical Reasoning

Ge-Peng Ji, Jingyi Liu, Deng-Ping Fan +2

In this study, we present Colon-X, an open initiative aimed at advancing multimodal intelligence in colonoscopy. We begin by constructing ColonVQA, the most comprehensive multimoda…

cs.CV2021

Semantic Segmentation for Real Point Cloud Scenes via Bilateral Augmentation and Adaptive Fusion

Shi Qiu, Saeed Anwar, Nick Barnes

Given the prominence of current 3D sensors, a fine-grained analysis on the basic point cloud data is worthy of further investigation. Particularly, real point cloud scenes can intu…

cs.CV2016

Perceptually Consistent Color-to-Gray Image Conversion

Shaodi You, Nick Barnes, Janine Walker

In this paper, we propose a color to grayscale image conversion algorithm (C2G) that aims to preserve the perceptual properties of the color image as much as possible. To this end,…

cs.CV2023

Generalised Co-Salient Object Detection

Jiawei Liu, Jing Zhang, Ruikai Cui +3

We propose a new setting that relaxes an assumption in the conventional Co-Salient Object Detection (CoSOD) setting by allowing the presence of "noisy images" which do not show the…

cs.LG2022

Robust normalizing flows using Bernstein-type polynomials

Sameera Ramasinghe, Kasun Fernando, Salman Khan +1

Modeling real-world distributions can often be challenging due to sample data that are subjected to perturbations, e.g., instrumentation errors, or added random noise. Since flow m…

cs.CV2026

NoiseSDF2NoiseSDF: Learning Clean Neural Fields from Noisy Supervision

Tengkai Wang, Weihao Li, Ruikai Cui +2

Reconstructing accurate implicit surface representations from point clouds remains a challenging task, particularly when data is captured using low-quality scanning devices. These…

cs.CV2022

Efficient Gaussian Process Model on Class-Imbalanced Datasets for Generalized Zero-Shot Learning

Changkun Ye, Nick Barnes, Lars Petersson +1

Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) models aim to classify object classes that are not seen during the training process. However, the problem of class imbalance is rarely discussed, despite i…

eess.IV2023

Rethinking Polyp Segmentation from an Out-of-Distribution Perspective

Ge-Peng Ji, Jing Zhang, Dylan Campbell +2

Unlike existing fully-supervised approaches, we rethink colorectal polyp segmentation from an out-of-distribution perspective with a simple but effective self-supervised learning a…

cs.CV2022

RGB-D Saliency Detection via Cascaded Mutual Information Minimization

Jing Zhang, Deng-Ping Fan, Yuchao Dai +4

Existing RGB-D saliency detection models do not explicitly encourage RGB and depth to achieve effective multi-modal learning. In this paper, we introduce a novel multi-stage cascad…

cs.CV2010

Asymmetric Totally-corrective Boosting for Real-time Object Detection

Peng Wang, Chunhua Shen, Nick Barnes +2

Real-time object detection is one of the core problems in computer vision. The cascade boosting framework proposed by Viola and Jones has become the standard for this problem. In t…

cs.CV2021

Confidence-Aware Learning for Camouflaged Object Detection

Jiawei Liu, Jing Zhang, Nick Barnes

Confidence-aware learning is proven as an effective solution to prevent networks becoming overconfident. We present a confidence-aware camouflaged object detection framework using…

cs.CV2021

PnP-3D: A Plug-and-Play for 3D Point Clouds

Shi Qiu, Saeed Anwar, Nick Barnes

With the help of the deep learning paradigm, many point cloud networks have been invented for visual analysis. However, there is great potential for development of these networks s…

cs.CV2020

Spectral-GANs for High-Resolution 3D Point-cloud Generation

Sameera Ramasinghe, Salman Khan, Nick Barnes +1

Point-clouds are a popular choice for vision and graphics tasks due to their accurate shape description and direct acquisition from range-scanners. This demands the ability to synt…

cs.CV2025

FreeVPS: Repurposing Training-Free SAM2 for Generalizable Video Polyp Segmentation

Qiang Hu, Ying Zhou, Gepeng Ji +3

Existing video polyp segmentation (VPS) paradigms usually struggle to balance between spatiotemporal modeling and domain generalization, limiting their applicability in real clinic…

cs.CV2023

Transferable Attack for Semantic Segmentation

Mengqi He, Jing Zhang, Zhaoyuan Yang +3

We analysis performance of semantic segmentation models wrt. adversarial attacks, and observe that the adversarial examples generated from a source model fail to attack the target…

cs.CV2023

Measuring and Modeling Uncertainty Degree for Monocular Depth Estimation

Mochu Xiang, Jing Zhang, Nick Barnes +1

Effectively measuring and modeling the reliability of a trained model is essential to the real-world deployment of monocular depth estimation (MDE) models. However, the intrinsic i…

cs.CV2021

Learning To Segment Dominant Object Motion From Watching Videos

Sahir Shrestha, Mohammad Ali Armin, Hongdong Li +1

Existing deep learning based unsupervised video object segmentation methods still rely on ground-truth segmentation masks to train. Unsupervised in this context only means that no…

cs.LG2021

Dense Uncertainty Estimation

Jing Zhang, Yuchao Dai, Mochu Xiang +7

Deep neural networks can be roughly divided into deterministic neural networks and stochastic neural networks.The former is usually trained to achieve a mapping from input space to…

cs.CV2020

Uncertainty-Aware Deep Calibrated Salient Object Detection

Jing Zhang, Yuchao Dai, Xin Yu +3

Existing deep neural network based salient object detection (SOD) methods mainly focus on pursuing high network accuracy. However, those methods overlook the gap between network ac…

cs.CL2024

A Comprehensive Overview of Large Language Models

Humza Naveed, Asad Ullah Khan, Shi Qiu +6

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks and beyond. This success of LLMs has led to a large influx of r…

cs.LG2019

Volumetric Convolution: Automatic Representation Learning in Unit Ball

Sameera Ramasinghe, Salman Khan, Nick Barnes

Convolution is an efficient technique to obtain abstract feature representations using hierarchical layers in deep networks. Although performing convolution in Euclidean geometries…

cs.CV2022

Generative Transformer for Accurate and Reliable Salient Object Detection

Yuxin Mao, Jing Zhang, Zhexiong Wan +6

Transformer, which originates from machine translation, is particularly powerful at modeling long-range dependencies. Currently, the transformer is making revolutionary progress in…

cs.CV2020

A Deep Journey into Super-resolution: A survey

Saeed Anwar, Salman Khan, Nick Barnes

Deep convolutional networks based super-resolution is a fast-growing field with numerous practical applications. In this exposition, we extensively compare 30+ state-of-the-art sup…

cs.LG2025

Open Set Label Shift with Test Time Out-of-Distribution Reference

Changkun Ye, Russell Tsuchida, Lars Petersson +1

Open set label shift (OSLS) occurs when label distributions change from a source to a target distribution, and the target distribution has an additional out-of-distribution (OOD) c…

cs.CV2017

Learning RGB-D Salient Object Detection using background enclosure, depth contrast, and top-down features

Riku Shigematsu, David Feng, Shaodi You +1

Recently, deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have demonstrated strong performance on RGB salient object detection. Although, depth information can help improve detection resu…

cs.CV2023

Weakly-supervised Contrastive Learning for Unsupervised Object Discovery

Yunqiu Lv, Jing Zhang, Nick Barnes +1

Unsupervised object discovery (UOD) refers to the task of discriminating the whole region of objects from the background within a scene without relying on labeled datasets, which b…

cs.CV2021

Learning Generative Vision Transformer with Energy-Based Latent Space for Saliency Prediction

Jing Zhang, Jianwen Xie, Nick Barnes +1

Vision transformer networks have shown superiority in many computer vision tasks. In this paper, we take a step further by proposing a novel generative vision transformer with late…

cs.LG2020

Conditional Generative Modeling via Learning the Latent Space

Sameera Ramasinghe, Kanchana Ranasinghe, Salman Khan +2

Although deep learning has achieved appealing results on several machine learning tasks, most of the models are deterministic at inference, limiting their application to single-mod…

cs.CV2018

Adversarial Training of Variational Auto-encoders for High Fidelity Image Generation

Salman H. Khan, Munawar Hayat, Nick Barnes

Variational auto-encoders (VAEs) provide an attractive solution to image generation problem. However, they tend to produce blurred and over-smoothed images due to their dependence…

cs.CV2018

Deep Texture and Structure Aware Filtering Network for Image Smoothing

Kaiyue Lu, Shaodi You, Nick Barnes

Image smoothing is a fundamental task in computer vision, that aims to retain salient structures and remove insignificant textures. In this paper, we aim to address the fundamental…

cs.CV2021

Rethinking conditional GAN training: An approach using geometrically structured latent manifolds

Sameera Ramasinghe, Moshiur Farazi, Salman Khan +2

Conditional GANs (cGAN), in their rudimentary form, suffer from critical drawbacks such as the lack of diversity in generated outputs and distortion between the latent and output m…

cs.CV2026

AusSmoke meets MultiNatSmoke: a fully-labelled diverse smoke segmentation dataset

Weihao Li, Hongjin Zhao, Gao Zhu +4

Wildfires are an escalating global concern due to the devastating impacts on the environment, economy, and human health, with notable incidents such as the 2019-2020 Australian bus…

cs.CV2022

PU-Transformer: Point Cloud Upsampling Transformer

Shi Qiu, Saeed Anwar, Nick Barnes

Given the rapid development of 3D scanners, point clouds are becoming popular in AI-driven machines. However, point cloud data is inherently sparse and irregular, causing significa…

cs.CV2023

Semi-supervised Salient Object Detection with Effective Confidence Estimation

Jiawei Liu, Jing Zhang, Nick Barnes

The success of existing salient object detection models relies on a large pixel-wise labeled training dataset, which is time-consuming and expensive to obtain. We study semi-superv…

cs.CV2021

Simultaneously Localize, Segment and Rank the Camouflaged Objects

Yunqiu Lv, Jing Zhang, Yuchao Dai +4

Camouflage is a key defence mechanism across species that is critical to survival. Common strategies for camouflage include background matching, imitating the color and pattern of…

cs.CV2026

NumGrad-Pull: Numerical Gradient Guided Tri-plane Representation for Surface Reconstruction from Point Clouds

Ruikai Cui, Binzhu Xie, Shi Qiu +3

Reconstructing continuous surfaces from unoriented and unordered 3D points is a fundamental challenge in computer vision and graphics. Recent advancements address this problem by t…

eess.IV2025

Frontiers in Intelligent Colonoscopy

Ge-Peng Ji, Jingyi Liu, Peng Xu +4

Colonoscopy is currently one of the most sensitive screening methods for colorectal cancer. This study investigates the frontiers of intelligent colonoscopy techniques and their pr…

cs.CV2023

All-pairs Consistency Learning for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation

Weixuan Sun, Yanhao Zhang, Zhen Qin +5

In this work, we propose a new transformer-based regularization to better localize objects for Weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS). In image-level WSSS, Class Activation…

cs.CV2019

CED: Color Event Camera Dataset

Cedric Scheerlinck, Henri Rebecq, Timo Stoffregen +3

Event cameras are novel, bio-inspired visual sensors, whose pixels output asynchronous and independent timestamped spikes at local intensity changes, called 'events'. Event cameras…

cs.CV2022

GETAM: Gradient-weighted Element-wise Transformer Attention Map for Weakly-supervised Semantic segmentation

Weixuan Sun, Jing Zhang, Zheyuan Liu +2

Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation (WSSS) is challenging, particularly when image-level labels are used to supervise pixel level prediction. To bridge their gap, a Class Activ…

cs.CV2020

Attention Based Real Image Restoration

Saeed Anwar, Nick Barnes, Lars Petersson

Deep convolutional neural networks perform better on images containing spatially invariant degradations, also known as synthetic degradations; however, their performance is limited…

cs.CV2024

SDI-Paste: Synthetic Dynamic Instance Copy-Paste for Video Instance Segmentation

Sahir Shrestha, Weihao Li, Gao Zhu +1

Data augmentation methods such as Copy-Paste have been studied as effective ways to expand training datasets while incurring minimal costs. While such methods have been extensively…

cs.CV2021

Geometric Back-projection Network for Point Cloud Classification

Shi Qiu, Saeed Anwar, Nick Barnes

As the basic task of point cloud analysis, classification is fundamental but always challenging. To address some unsolved problems of existing methods, we propose a network that ca…

cs.CV2020

UC-Net: Uncertainty Inspired RGB-D Saliency Detection via Conditional Variational Autoencoders

Jing Zhang, Deng-Ping Fan, Yuchao Dai +4

In this paper, we propose the first framework (UCNet) to employ uncertainty for RGB-D saliency detection by learning from the data labeling process. Existing RGB-D saliency detecti…

cs.CV2020

3D Guided Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation

Weixuan Sun, Jing Zhang, Nick Barnes

Pixel-wise clean annotation is necessary for fully-supervised semantic segmentation, which is laborious and expensive to obtain. In this paper, we propose a weakly supervised 2D se…

cs.LG2020

Blended Convolution and Synthesis for Efficient Discrimination of 3D Shapes

Sameera Ramasinghe, Salman Khan, Nick Barnes +1

Existing networks directly learn feature representations on 3D point clouds for shape analysis. We argue that 3D point clouds are highly redundant and hold irregular (permutation-i…

cs.CV2025

SmokeBench: Evaluating Multimodal Large Language Models for Wildfire Smoke Detection

Tianye Qi, Weihao Li, Nick Barnes

Wildfire smoke is transparent, amorphous, and often visually confounded with clouds, making early-stage detection particularly challenging. In this work, we introduce a benchmark,…

cs.CV2020

Learning Noise-Aware Encoder-Decoder from Noisy Labels by Alternating Back-Propagation for Saliency Detection

Jing Zhang, Jianwen Xie, Nick Barnes

In this paper, we propose a noise-aware encoder-decoder framework to disentangle a clean saliency predictor from noisy training examples, where the noisy labels are generated by un…

cs.CV2020

Any-Shot Object Detection

Shafin Rahman, Salman Khan, Nick Barnes +1

Previous work on novel object detection considers zero or few-shot settings where none or few examples of each category are available for training. In real world scenarios, it is l…

cs.CV2024

LAM3D: Large Image-Point-Cloud Alignment Model for 3D Reconstruction from Single Image

Ruikai Cui, Xibin Song, Weixuan Sun +8

Large Reconstruction Models have made significant strides in the realm of automated 3D content generation from single or multiple input images. Despite their success, these models…

cs.CV2021

Inferring the Class Conditional Response Map for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation

Weixuan Sun, Jing Zhang, Nick Barnes

Image-level weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) relies on class activation maps (CAMs) for pseudo labels generation. As CAMs only highlight the most discriminative regio…

cs.CV2019

Representation Learning on Unit Ball with 3D Roto-Translational Equivariance

Sameera Ramasinghe, Salman Khan, Nick Barnes +1

Convolution is an integral operation that defines how the shape of one function is modified by another function. This powerful concept forms the basis of hierarchical feature learn…

eess.IV2019

Densely Residual Laplacian Super-Resolution

Saeed Anwar, Nick Barnes

Super-Resolution convolutional neural networks have recently demonstrated high-quality restoration for single images. However, existing algorithms often require very deep architect…

cs.CV2024

Learning Gaussian Representation for Eye Fixation Prediction

Peipei Song, Jing Zhang, Piotr Koniusz +1

Existing eye fixation prediction methods perform the mapping from input images to the corresponding dense fixation maps generated from raw fixation points. However, due to the stoc…

cs.CL2022

The Devil in Linear Transformer

Zhen Qin, XiaoDong Han, Weixuan Sun +4

Linear transformers aim to reduce the quadratic space-time complexity of vanilla transformers. However, they usually suffer from degraded performances on various tasks and corpus.…

cs.CV2021

Weakly Supervised Video Salient Object Detection

Wangbo Zhao, Jing Zhang, Long Li +3

Significant performance improvement has been achieved for fully-supervised video salient object detection with the pixel-wise labeled training datasets, which are time-consuming an…

cs.CV2020

Attention Guided Semantic Relationship Parsing for Visual Question Answering

Moshiur Farazi, Salman Khan, Nick Barnes

Humans explain inter-object relationships with semantic labels that demonstrate a high-level understanding required to perform complex Vision-Language tasks such as Visual Question…

cs.CV2026

PointCaM: Cut-and-Mix for Open-Set Point Cloud Learning

Jie Hong, Shi Qiu, Weihao Li +4

Point cloud learning is receiving increasing attention. However, most existing point cloud models lack the practical ability to deal with the unavoidable presence of unknown object…

cs.CV2023

Learning Audio-Visual Source Localization via False Negative Aware Contrastive Learning

Weixuan Sun, Jiayi Zhang, Jianyuan Wang +6

Self-supervised audio-visual source localization aims to locate sound-source objects in video frames without extra annotations. Recent methods often approach this goal with the hel…

cs.CV2020

Accuracy vs. Complexity: A Trade-off in Visual Question Answering Models

Moshiur R. Farazi, Salman H. Khan, Nick Barnes

Visual Question Answering (VQA) has emerged as a Visual Turing Test to validate the reasoning ability of AI agents. The pivot to existing VQA models is the joint embedding that is…

cs.CV2019

Unsupervised Primitive Discovery for Improved 3D Generative Modeling

Salman H. Khan, Yulan Guo, Munawar Hayat +1

3D shape generation is a challenging problem due to the high-dimensional output space and complex part configurations of real-world objects. As a result, existing algorithms experi…

cs.AI2011

Totally Corrective Boosting for Regularized Risk Minimization

Chunhua Shen, Hanxi Li, Nick Barnes

Consideration of the primal and dual problems together leads to important new insights into the characteristics of boosting algorithms. In this work, we propose a general framework…

cs.CV2021

Dense Uncertainty Estimation via an Ensemble-based Conditional Latent Variable Model

Jing Zhang, Yuchao Dai, Mehrtash Harandi +3

Uncertainty estimation has been extensively studied in recent literature, which can usually be classified as aleatoric uncertainty and epistemic uncertainty. In current aleatoric u…

cs.CV2020

Uncertainty Inspired RGB-D Saliency Detection

Jing Zhang, Deng-Ping Fan, Yuchao Dai +4

We propose the first stochastic framework to employ uncertainty for RGB-D saliency detection by learning from the data labeling process. Existing RGB-D saliency detection models tr…

cs.CV2018

From Known to the Unknown: Transferring Knowledge to Answer Questions about Novel Visual and Semantic Concepts

Moshiur R Farazi, Salman H Khan, Nick Barnes

Current Visual Question Answering (VQA) systems can answer intelligent questions about `Known' visual content. However, their performance drops significantly when questions about v…

cs.CV2021

A Systematic Evaluation: Fine-Grained CNN vs. Traditional CNN Classifiers

Saeed Anwar, Nick Barnes, Lars Petersson

To make the best use of the underlying minute and subtle differences, fine-grained classifiers collect information about inter-class variations. The task is very challenging due to…

cs.CV2022

Energy-Based Residual Latent Transport for Unsupervised Point Cloud Completion

Ruikai Cui, Shi Qiu, Saeed Anwar +2

Unsupervised point cloud completion aims to infer the whole geometry of a partial object observation without requiring partial-complete correspondence. Differing from existing dete…

cs.CV2020

Polarity Loss for Zero-shot Object Detection

Shafin Rahman, Salman Khan, Nick Barnes

Conventional object detection models require large amounts of training data. In comparison, humans can recognize previously unseen objects by merely knowing their semantic descript…

cs.CV2023

P2C: Self-Supervised Point Cloud Completion from Single Partial Clouds

Ruikai Cui, Shi Qiu, Saeed Anwar +4

Point cloud completion aims to recover the complete shape based on a partial observation. Existing methods require either complete point clouds or multiple partial observations of…

cs.CV2019

Asynchronous Spatial Image Convolutions for Event Cameras

Cedric Scheerlinck, Nick Barnes, Robert Mahony

Spatial convolution is arguably the most fundamental of 2D image processing operations. Conventional spatial image convolution can only be applied to a conventional image, that is,…

cs.CV2018

Continuous-time Intensity Estimation Using Event Cameras

Cedric Scheerlinck, Nick Barnes, Robert Mahony

Event cameras provide asynchronous, data-driven measurements of local temporal contrast over a large dynamic range with extremely high temporal resolution. Conventional cameras cap…

cs.CV2021

Recursive Training for Zero-Shot Semantic Segmentation

Ce Wang, Moshiur Farazi, Nick Barnes

General purpose semantic segmentation relies on a backbone CNN network to extract discriminative features that help classify each image pixel into a 'seen' object class (ie., the o…

cs.CV2020

Reducing the Sim-to-Real Gap for Event Cameras

Timo Stoffregen, Cedric Scheerlinck, Davide Scaramuzza +4

Event cameras are paradigm-shifting novel sensors that report asynchronous, per-pixel brightness changes called 'events' with unparalleled low latency. This makes them ideal for hi…

cs.CV2023

Towards Deeper Understanding of Camouflaged Object Detection

Yunqiu Lv, Jing Zhang, Yuchao Dai +3

Preys in the wild evolve to be camouflaged to avoid being recognized by predators. In this way, camouflage acts as a key defence mechanism across species that is critical to surviv…

cs.CV2022

Energy-Based Generative Cooperative Saliency Prediction

Jing Zhang, Jianwen Xie, Zilong Zheng +1

Conventional saliency prediction models typically learn a deterministic mapping from an image to its saliency map, and thus fail to explain the subjective nature of human attention…

cs.CV2023

Vicinity Vision Transformer

Weixuan Sun, Zhen Qin, Hui Deng +7

Vision transformers have shown great success on numerous computer vision tasks. However, its central component, softmax attention, prohibits vision transformers from scaling up to…

cs.CV2023

An Alternative to WSSS? An Empirical Study of the Segment Anything Model (SAM) on Weakly-Supervised Semantic Segmentation Problems

Weixuan Sun, Zheyuan Liu, Yanhao Zhang +2

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) has demonstrated exceptional performance and versatility, making it a promising tool for various related tasks. In this report, we explore the appl…

cs.CV2023

Transmission-Guided Bayesian Generative Model for Smoke Segmentation

Siyuan Yan, Jing Zhang, Nick Barnes

Smoke segmentation is essential to precisely localize wildfire so that it can be extinguished in an early phase. Although deep neural networks have achieved promising results on im…

cs.CV2023

Model Calibration in Dense Classification with Adaptive Label Perturbation

Jiawei Liu, Changkun Ye, Shan Wang +4

For safety-related applications, it is crucial to produce trustworthy deep neural networks whose prediction is associated with confidence that can represent the likelihood of corre…

cs.CV2020

Real Image Denoising with Feature Attention

Saeed Anwar, Nick Barnes

Deep convolutional neural networks perform better on images containing spatially invariant noise (synthetic noise); however, their performance is limited on real-noisy photographs…

cs.CV2023

An Energy-Based Prior for Generative Saliency

Jing Zhang, Jianwen Xie, Nick Barnes +1

We propose a novel generative saliency prediction framework that adopts an informative energy-based model as a prior distribution. The energy-based prior model is defined on the la…