papers

Publications (37)

cs.SE2026

Enhancing Code Understanding for Impact Analysis by Combining Transformers and Program Dependence Graphs

Yanfu Yan, Nathan Cooper, Kevin Moran +3

Impact analysis (IA) is a critical software maintenance task that identifies the effects of a given set of code changes on a larger software project with the intention of avoiding…

cs.CL2025

It's All in The [MASK]: Simple Instruction-Tuning Enables BERT-like Masked Language Models As Generative Classifiers

Benjamin Clavié, Nathan Cooper, Benjamin Warner

While encoder-only models such as BERT and ModernBERT are ubiquitous in real-world NLP applications, their conventional reliance on task-specific classification heads can limit the…

cs.SE2021

It Takes Two to Tango: Combining Visual and Textual Information for Detecting Duplicate Video-Based Bug Reports

Nathan Cooper, Carlos Bernal-Cárdenas, Oscar Chaparro +2

When a bug manifests in a user-facing application, it is likely to be exposed through the graphical user interface (GUI). Given the importance of visual information to the process…

cs.SE2024

Perplexed: Understanding When Large Language Models are Confused

Nathan Cooper, Torsten Scholak

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become dominant in the Natural Language Processing (NLP) field causing a huge surge in progress in a short amount of time. However, their limitati…

physics.atom-ph2022

Observation of collectivity enhanced magnetoassociation of Li in the quantum degenerate regime

Vineetha Naniyil, Yijia Zhou, Guy Simmonds +3

The association process of Feshbach molecules is well described by a Landau-Zener (LZ) transition above the Fermi temperature, such that two-body physics dominates the dynamics. Ho…

physics.ins-det2013

The high-efficiency γ-ray spectroscopy setup γ3 at HIγS

Bastian Löher, Vera Derya, Thomas Aumann +18

The existing Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence (NRF) setup at the HIγS facility at the Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory at Duke University has been extended in order to perfo…

physics.atom-ph2022

Dual-frequency Doppler-free spectroscopy for simultaneous laser stabilisation in compact atomic physics experiments

Nathan Cooper, Somaya Madkhaly, David Johnson +2

Vapour cell spectroscopy is an essential technique in many fields; in particular, nearly all atom and ion trapping experiments rely on simultaneous spectroscopy of two atomic trans…

cs.SE2021

A Systematic Literature Review on the Use of Deep Learning in Software Engineering Research

Cody Watson, Nathan Cooper, David Nader Palacio +2

An increasingly popular set of techniques adopted by software engineering (SE) researchers to automate development tasks are those rooted in the concept of Deep Learning (DL). The…

quant-ph2025

Adaptive, symmetry-informed Bayesian metrology for precise quantum technology measurements

Matt Overton, Jesús Rubio, Nathan Cooper +4

High precision measurements are essential to solve major scientific and technological challenges, from gravitational wave detection to healthcare diagnostics. Quantum sensing deliv…

cs.CL2024

Stable LM 2 1.6B Technical Report

Marco Bellagente, Jonathan Tow, Dakota Mahan +16

We introduce StableLM 2 1.6B, the first in a new generation of our language model series. In this technical report, we present in detail the data and training procedure leading to…

physics.atom-ph2026

Enhanced Atom Capture via Multi-Frequency Magneto-Optical Trapping

Benjamin Hopton, Alexander Abbey, David Johnson +6

Magneto-optical traps are central to atomic and molecular quantum technologies and precision tests of fundamental physics, where both sensitivity and bandwidth scale strongly with…

physics.atom-ph2024

Additive Manufacturing of functionalised atomic vapour cells for next-generation quantum technologies

Feiran Wang, Nathan Cooper, Yinfeng He +9

Atomic vapour cells are an indispensable tool for quantum technologies (QT), but potential improvements are limited by the capacities of conventional manufacturing methods. Using a…

physics.atom-ph2013

Trapping of 85Rb atoms by optical pumping between metastable hyperfine states

Nathan Cooper, Tim Freegarde

We describe an atom trapping mechanism based upon differential optical pumping between metastable hyperfine states by partially-displaced laser beams in the absence of a magnetic f…

cs.SE2020

Translating Video Recordings of Mobile App Usages into Replayable Scenarios

Carlos Bernal-Cárdenas, Nathan Cooper, Kevin Moran +3

Screen recordings of mobile applications are easy to obtain and capture a wealth of information pertinent to software developers (e.g., bugs or feature requests), making them a pop…

physics.atom-ph2015

Composite pulses for interferometry in a thermal cold atom cloud

Alexander Dunning, Rachel Gregory, James Bateman +4

Atom interferometric sensors and quantum information processors must maintain coherence while the evolving quantum wavefunction is split, transformed and recombined, but suffer fro…

quant-ph2023

Gravitationally-induced entanglement in cold atoms

Richard Howl, Nathan Cooper, Lucia Hackermüller

A promising route to testing quantum gravity in the laboratory is to look for gravitationally-induced entanglement (GIE) between two or more quantum matter systems. Proposals for s…

physics.optics2013

Stabilized fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer for carrier-frequency rejection

Nathan Cooper, Jonathan Woods, James Bateman +2

We have demonstrated stabilization of a fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer, with a centimeter-scale path difference, to the transmission minimum for the carrier wave of a freq…

cs.SE2023

Intelligent Software Tooling for Improving Software Development

Nathan Cooper

Software has eaten the world with many of the necessities and quality of life services people use requiring software. Therefore, tools that improve the software development experie…

cs.SE2025

On the Generalizability of Transformer Models to Code Completions of Different Lengths

Nathan Cooper, Rosalia Tufano, Gabriele Bavota +1

The programming landscape is nowadays being reshaped by the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) able to automate code-related tasks related to code implementation (e.g., code co…

cs.SE2023

Translating Video Recordings of Complex Mobile App UI Gestures into Replayable Scenarios

Carlos Bernal-Cárdenas, Nathan Cooper, Madeleine Havranek +4

Screen recordings of mobile applications are easy to obtain and capture a wealth of information pertinent to software developers (e.g., bugs or feature requests), making them a pop…

cs.CR2023

MASC: A Tool for Mutation-Based Evaluation of Static Crypto-API Misuse Detectors

Amit Seal Ami, Syed Yusuf Ahmed, Radowan Mahmud Redoy +5

While software engineers are optimistically adopting crypto-API misuse detectors (or crypto-detectors) in their software development cycles, this momentum must be accompanied by a…

cs.SE2021

Studying the Usage of Text-To-Text Transfer Transformer to Support Code-Related Tasks

Antonio Mastropaolo, Simone Scalabrino, Nathan Cooper +4

Deep learning (DL) techniques are gaining more and more attention in the software engineering community. They have been used to support several code-related tasks, such as automati…

cs.SE2022

Using Transfer Learning for Code-Related Tasks

Antonio Mastropaolo, Nathan Cooper, David Nader Palacio +4

Deep learning (DL) techniques have been used to support several code-related tasks such as code summarization and bug-fixing. In particular, pre-trained transformer models are on t…

cs.SE2021

An Empirical Study on the Usage of Transformer Models for Code Completion

Matteo Ciniselli, Nathan Cooper, Luca Pascarella +5

Code completion aims at speeding up code writing by predicting the next code token(s) the developer is likely to write. Works in this field focused on improving the accuracy of the…

cs.SE2024

Semantic GUI Scene Learning and Video Alignment for Detecting Duplicate Video-based Bug Reports

Yanfu Yan, Nathan Cooper, Oscar Chaparro +2

Video-based bug reports are increasingly being used to document bugs for programs centered around a graphical user interface (GUI). However, developing automated techniques to mana…

cs.CL2024

Rephrasing natural text data with different languages and quality levels for Large Language Model pre-training

Michael Pieler, Marco Bellagente, Hannah Teufel +9

Recently published work on rephrasing natural text data for pre-training LLMs has shown promising results when combining the original dataset with the synthetically rephrased data.…

quant-ph2014

Extended Wigner function formalism for the spatial propagation of particles with internal degrees of freedom

Marcel Utz, Malcolm H Levitt, Nathan Cooper +1

An extended Wigner function formalism is introduced for describing the quantum dynamics of particles with internal degrees of freedom in the presence of spatially inhomogeneous fie…

quant-ph2025

Exploiting complex 3D-printed surface structures for portable quantum technologies

Nathan Cooper, David Johnson, Benjamin Hopton +8

Portable quantum technologies require robust, lightweight apparatus with superior performance. For techniques dependent upon high-vacuum environments, such as atom interferometers…

astro-ph.HE2011

Chandra Discovery of 10 New X-Ray Jets Associated With FR II Radio Core-Selected AGNs in the MOJAVE Sample

Brandon Hogan, Matthew Lister, Preeti Kharb +2

The Chandra X-ray observatory has proven to be a vital tool for studying high-energy emission processes in jets associated with Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN).We have compiled a samp…

physics.atom-ph2022

High-performance, additively-manufactured atomic spectroscopy apparatus for portable quantum technologies

Somya H Madkhaly, Nathan Cooper, Laurence Coles +1

We demonstrate a miniaturised and highly robust system for performing Doppler-free spectroscopy on thermal atomic vapour for three frequencies as required for cold atom-based quant…

physics.atom-ph2012

Actively stabilized wavelength-insensitive carrier elimination from an electro-optically modulated laser beam

Nathan Cooper, James Bateman, Alexander Dunning +1

We demonstrate a simple and robust technique for removal of the carrier wave from a phase-modulated laser beam, using a non-interferometric method that is insensitive to the modula…

cs.SE2024

Toward a Theory of Causation for Interpreting Neural Code Models

David N. Palacio, Alejandro Velasco, Nathan Cooper +3

Neural Language Models of Code, or Neural Code Models (NCMs), are rapidly progressing from research prototypes to commercial developer tools. As such, understanding the capabilitie…

cs.CL2024

Smarter, Better, Faster, Longer: A Modern Bidirectional Encoder for Fast, Memory Efficient, and Long Context Finetuning and Inference

Benjamin Warner, Antoine Chaffin, Benjamin Clavié +11

Encoder-only transformer models such as BERT offer a great performance-size tradeoff for retrieval and classification tasks with respect to larger decoder-only models. Despite bein…

cs.CL2024

Stable Code Technical Report

Nikhil Pinnaparaju, Reshinth Adithyan, Duy Phung +8

We introduce Stable Code, the first in our new-generation of code language models series, which serves as a general-purpose base code language model targeting code completion, reas…

cs.SE2021

V2S: A Tool for Translating Video Recordings of Mobile App Usages into Replayable Scenarios

Madeleine Havranek, Carlos Bernal-Cárdenas, Nathan Cooper +3

Screen recordings are becoming increasingly important as rich software artifacts that inform mobile application development processes. However, the amount of manual effort required…

physics.atom-ph2020

Cold atoms in micromachined waveguides: a new platform for atom-photon interaction

Elisa Da Ros, Nathan Cooper, Jonathan Nute +1

Hybrid quantum devices, incorporating both atoms and photons, can exploit the benefits of both to enable scalable architectures for quantum computing and quantum communication, as…

cs.SE2021

An Empirical Study on the Usage of BERT Models for Code Completion

Matteo Ciniselli, Nathan Cooper, Luca Pascarella +3

Code completion is one of the main features of modern Integrated Development Environments (IDEs). Its objective is to speed up code writing by predicting the next code token(s) the…