papers

Publications (29)

cs.CL2026

Logit Arithmetic Elicits Long Reasoning Capabilities Without Training

Yunxiang Zhang, Muhammad Khalifa, Lechen Zhang +5

Large reasoning models exhibit long chain-of-thought reasoning with complex strategies such as backtracking and self-verification. Yet, these capabilities typically require resourc…

cs.CL2024

Has It All Been Solved? Open NLP Research Questions Not Solved by Large Language Models

Oana Ignat, Zhijing Jin, Artem Abzaliev +19

Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) has enabled the deployment of many generative NLP applications. At the same time, it has also led to a misleading public discourse t…

cs.CL2025

On Many-Shot In-Context Learning for Long-Context Evaluation

Kaijian Zou, Muhammad Khalifa, Lu Wang

Many-shot in-context learning (ICL) has emerged as a unique setup to both utilize and test the ability of large language models to handle long context. This paper delves into long-…

cs.CL2025

FactCheckmate: Preemptively Detecting and Mitigating Hallucinations in LMs

Deema Alnuhait, Neeraja Kirtane, Muhammad Khalifa +1

Language models (LMs) hallucinate. We inquire: Can we detect and mitigate hallucinations before they happen? This work answers this research question in the positive, by showing th…

cs.CL2023

BOLT: Fast Energy-based Controlled Text Generation with Tunable Biases

Xin Liu, Muhammad Khalifa, Lu Wang

Energy-based models (EBMs) have gained popularity for controlled text generation due to their high applicability to a wide range of constraints. However, sampling from EBMs is non-…

cs.LG2025

Process Reward Models That Think

Muhammad Khalifa, Rishabh Agarwal, Lajanugen Logeswaran +5

Step-by-step verifiers -- also known as process reward models (PRMs) -- are a key ingredient for test-time scaling. PRMs require step-level supervision, making them expensive to tr…