Publications (86)
Protected Attributes Tell Us Who, Behavior Tells Us How: A Comparison of Demographic and Behavioral Oversampling for Fair Student Success Modeling
Jade Maï Cock, Muhammad Bilal, Richard Davis +2
Algorithms deployed in education can shape the learning experience and success of a student. It is therefore important to understand whether and how such algorithms might create in…
Amateur Drones Detection: A machine learning approach utilizing the acoustic signals in the presence of strong interference
Zahoor Uddin, Muhammad Altaf, Muhammad Bilal +2
Owing to small size, sensing capabilities and autonomous nature, the Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) have enormous applications in various areas, e.g., remote sensing, navigation, arc…
Classification of Arrhythmia by Using Deep Learning with 2-D ECG Spectral Image Representation
Amin Ullah, Syed M. Anwar, Muhammad Bilal +1
The electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the most extensively employed signals used in the diagnosis and prediction of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The ECG signals can capture the…
Enhancing 3D Human Pose Estimation Amidst Severe Occlusion with Dual Transformer Fusion
Mehwish Ghafoor, Arif Mahmood, Muhammad Bilal
In the field of 3D Human Pose Estimation from monocular videos, the presence of diverse occlusion types presents a formidable challenge. Prior research has made progress by harness…
Temporal Graph MLP Mixer for Spatio-Temporal Forecasting
Muhammad Bilal, Luis Carretero Lopez
Spatiotemporal forecasting is critical in applications such as traffic prediction, climate modeling, and environmental monitoring. However, the prevalence of missing data in real-w…
Socially-Aware Congestion Control in Ad-Hoc Networks: Current Status and The Way Forward
Hannan Bin Liaqat, Amjad Ali, Junaid Qadir +3
Ad-hoc social networks (ASNETs) represent a special type of traditional ad-hoc network in which a user's social properties (such as the social connections and communications metada…
Time-Slotted Scheduling Schemes for Multi-hop Concurrent Transmission in WPANs with Directional Antenna
Muhammad Bilal, Moonsoo Kang, Sayed Chhattan Shah +1
To achieve high-speed (giga-bit) connectivity for short-range wireless multimedia applications, the millimeter-wave (mmWave) wireless personal area networks with directional antenn…
Intuitive Surgical SurgToolLoc and SurgVU Challenges Results: 2022-2025
Aneeq Zia, Max Berniker, Rogerio Garcia Nespolo +153
Robotic assisted (RA) surgery promises to transform surgical intervention. Intuitive Surgical is committed to fostering these changes and the machine learning models and algorithms…
Deep Vision in Analysis and Recognition of Radar Data: Achievements, Advancements and Challenges
Qi Liu, Zhiyun Yang, Ru Ji +5
Radars are widely used to obtain echo information for effective prediction, such as precipitation nowcasting. In this paper, recent relevant scientific investigation and practical…
Learning to Undo: Rollback-Augmented Reinforcement Learning with Reversibility Signals
Andrejs Sorstkins, Omer Tariq, Muhammad Bilal
This paper proposes a reversible learning framework to improve the robustness and efficiency of value based Reinforcement Learning agents, addressing vulnerability to value overest…
Deep Reinforcement Learning Optimized Intelligent Resource Allocation in Active RIS-Integrated TN-NTN Networks
Muhammad Ahmed Mohsin, Hassan Rizwan, Muhammad Jazib +5
This work explores the deployment of active reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (A-RIS) in integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks (TN-NTN) while utilizing coordinated…
OfficeMate: Pilot Evaluation of an Office Assistant Robot
Jiahe Pan, Sarah Schömbs, Yan Zhang +3
Office Assistant Robots (OARs) offer a promising solution to proactively provide in-situ support to enhance employee well-being and productivity in office spaces. We introduce Offi…
Use of Transfer Learning and Wavelet Transform for Breast Cancer Detection
Ahmed Rasheed, Muhammad Shahzad Younis, Junaid Qadir +1
Breast cancer is one of the most common cause of deaths among women. Mammography is a widely used imaging modality that can be used for cancer detection in its early stages. Deep l…
: Convolutional Regularized Least Squares Framework for Reduced Order Modeling of Transonic Flows
Muhammad Bilal, Ashwin Renganathan
We develop a convolutional regularized least squares () framework for reduced-order modeling of transonic flows with shocks. Conventional proper orthogonal decomposi…
Single Board Computers (SBC): The Future of Next Generation Pedagogies in Pakistan
Saad Wazir, Hamza Ali Imran, Usama Latif +2
ARM processors have taken over the mobile industry from a long time now. Future of data centers and the IT industry is estimated to make use of ARM Processors. Projects like Openst…
A Cache Management Scheme for Efficient Content Eviction and Replication in Cache Networks
Muhammad Bilal, Shin-Gak Kang
To cope with the ongoing changing demands of the internet, 'in-network caching' has been presented as an application solution for two decades. With the advent of information-centri…
Real-time and Downtime-tolerant Fault Diagnosis for Railway Turnout Machines (RTMs) Empowered with Cloud-Edge Pipeline Parallelism
Fan Wu, Muhammad Bilal, Haolong Xiang +3
Railway Turnout Machines (RTMs) are mission-critical components of the railway transportation infrastructure, responsible for directing trains onto desired tracks. For safety assur…
TEMSET-24K: Densely Annotated Dataset for Indexing Multipart Endoscopic Videos using Surgical Timeline Segmentation
Muhammad Bilal, Mahmood Alam, Deepa Bapu +16
Indexing endoscopic surgical videos is vital in surgical data science, forming the basis for systematic retrospective analysis and clinical performance evaluation. Despite its sign…
An Efficient Internet Traffic Classification System Using Deep Learning for IoT
Muhammad Basit Umair, Zeshan Iqbal, Muhammad Bilal +3
Internet of Things (IoT) defines a network of devices connected to the internet and sharing a massive amount of data between each other and a central location. These IoT devices ar…
Software Testing at the Network Layer: Automated HTTP API Quality Assessment and Security Analysis of Production Web Applications
Ali Hassaan Mughal, Muhammad Bilal, Noor Fatima
Modern web applications rely heavily on client-side API calls to fetch data, render content, and communicate with backend services. However, the quality of these network interactio…
Role of management information system in time saving
Muhammad Bilal
This Case Study will be used in order to investigate and establish the importance of role of Management Information System in time saving during the payment of automobile tax in Si…
Remote Sensing to Control Respiratory Viral Diseases Outbreaks using Internet of Vehicles
Yesin Sahraoui, Ahmed Korichi, Chaker Abdelaziz Kerrache +2
The respiratory viral diseases, such as those caused by the family of coronaviruses, can be extremely contagious and spread through saliva droplets generated by coughing, sneezing,…
Software-Defined Network-Based Vehicular Networks: A Position Paper on Their Modeling and Implementation
Lionel Nkenyereye, Lewis Nkenyereye, S M Riazul Islam +3
There is a strong devotion in the automotive industry to be part of a wider progression towards the Fifth Generation (5G) era. In-vehicle integration costs between cellular and veh…
AI-Native Closed-Loop Security for 6G-Enabled Cyber-Physical Systems: From Edge Detection to Network-Wide Mitigation
Bilal Hussain, Muhammad Bilal, Tan Li +6
In sixth-generation (6G) networks, billions of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) - autonomous vehicles, smart grids, industrial robots, and remote-surgical equipment - will run over ul…
Surgical Scene Understanding in the Era of Foundation AI Models: A Comprehensive Review
Ufaq Khan, Umair Nawaz, Adnan Qayyum +5
Recent advancements in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), particularly through the introduction of Foundation Models (FMs), have significantly enhanced surgical scene un…
Network-Optimised Spiking Neural Network (NOS) Scheduling for 6G O-RAN: Spectral Margin and Delay-Tail Control
Muhammad Bilal, Xiaolong Xu
This work presents a Network-Optimised Spiking (NOS) delay-aware scheduler for 6G radio access. The scheme couples a bounded two-state kernel to a clique-feasible proportional-fair…
Comparative Analysis of Time Series Forecasting Approaches for Household Electricity Consumption Prediction
Muhammad Bilal, Hyeok Kim, Muhammad Fayaz +1
As a result of increasing population and globalization, the demand for energy has greatly risen. Therefore, accurate energy consumption forecasting has become an essential prerequi…
Measuring Novelty in Autonomous Vehicles Motion Using Local Outlier Factor Algorithm
Hassan Alsawadi, Muhammad Bilal
Under unexpected conditions or scenarios, autonomous vehicles (AV) are more likely to follow abnormal unplanned actions, due to the limited set of rules or amount of experience the…
LLM-Based Test Oracles: Source-of-Authority Taxonomy -- A Systematic Literature Review
Ali Hassaan Mughal, Muhammad Bilal
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to produce test oracles, the part of a test that decides whether observed behavior is correct. Yet a clear account of where these…
ConvXformer: Differentially Private Hybrid ConvNeXt-Transformer for Inertial Navigation
Omer Tariq, Muhammad Bilal, Muneeb Ul Hassan +2
Data-driven inertial sequence learning has revolutionized navigation in GPS-denied environments, offering superior odometric resolution compared to traditional Bayesian methods. Ho…
An Intelligent Future Mobile Terminal Architecture
Muhammad Bilal
In this paper, a novel Extended Cognitive Mobile Terminal (ExCogNet-MT) scheme is presented. In this scheme, a "test bench" at receiver's Mobile Terminal (MT) can estimate the chan…
All Green, Still Broken: Real-Flow Verification Lessons from an LLM-Integrated, Multi-Market Web Application
Muhammad Bilal, Ali Hassaan Mughal
Modern web applications increasingly combine three ingredients that are hard to test: output from large language models, multi-market internationalization, and browser-driven front…
MedISure: Towards Assuring Machine Learning-based Medical Image Classifiers using Mixup Boundary Analysis
Adam Byfield, William Poulett, Ben Wallace +6
Machine learning (ML) models are becoming integral in healthcare technologies, presenting a critical need for formal assurance to validate their safety, fairness, robustness, and t…
A deep learning approach for analyzing the composition of chemometric data
Muhammad Bilal, Mohib Ullah
We propose novel deep learning based chemometric data analysis technique. We trained L2 regularized sparse autoencoder end-to-end for reducing the size of the feature vector to han…
Large Language Models for Agentic NetOps and AIOps: Architectures, Evaluation, and Safety
Muhammad Bilal, Jon Crowcroft, Ruizhi Wang +2
Large language models are increasingly being used to support network operations (NetOps) and artificial intelligence for IT operations (AIOps), including incident investigation, ro…
AURORA: Adaptive Unified Representation for Robust Ultrasound Analysis
Ufaq Khan, L. D. M. S. Sai Teja, Ayuba Shakiru +4
Ultrasound images vary widely across scanners, operators, and anatomical targets, which often causes models trained in one setting to generalize poorly to new hospitals and clinica…
On the Impact of Device and Behavioral Heterogeneity in Federated Learning
Ahmed M. Abdelmoniem, Chen-Yu Ho, Pantelis Papageorgiou +2
Federated learning (FL) is becoming a popular paradigm for collaborative learning over distributed, private datasets owned by non-trusting entities. FL has seen successful deployme…
Socially Beneficial Metaverse: Framework, Technologies, Applications, and Challenges
Xiaolong Xu, Xuanhong Zhou, Muhammad Bilal +4
In recent years, the maturation of emerging technologies such as Virtual Reality, Digital twins, and Blockchain has accelerated the realization of the metaverse. As a virtual world…
Multivessel Coronary Artery Segmentation and Stenosis Localisation using Ensemble Learning
Muhammad Bilal, Dinis Martinho, Reiner Sim +8
Coronary angiography analysis is a common clinical task performed by cardiologists to diagnose coronary artery disease (CAD) through an assessment of atherosclerotic plaque's accum…
Toward an AI-Native Internet: Rethinking the Web Architecture for Semantic Retrieval
Muhammad Bilal, Zafar Qazi, Marco Canini
The rise of Generative AI Search is fundamentally transforming how users and intelligent systems interact with the Internet. LLMs increasingly act as intermediaries between humans…
Natural Language Processing for Analyzing Electronic Health Records and Clinical Notes in Cancer Research: A Review
Muhammad Bilal, Ameer Hamza, Nadia Malik
Objective: This review aims to analyze the application of natural language processing (NLP) techniques in cancer research using electronic health records (EHRs) and clinical notes.…
Same Patient, Different Words, Different Diagnosis? Evaluating Semantic Stability in Clinical LLMs
Mahdi Alkaeed, Adnan Qayyum, Nabeel Abo Kashreef +2
Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in clinical applications. However, their behavior remains highly sensitive to subtle linguistic variations, such as rephrasing or…
Time-Assisted Authentication Protocol
Muhammad Bilal, Shin-Gak Kang
Authentication is the first step toward establishing a service provider and customer (C-P) association. In a mobile network environment, a lightweight and secure authentication pro…
Open Foundation Models in Healthcare: Challenges, Paradoxes, and Opportunities with GenAI Driven Personalized Prescription
Mahdi Alkaeed, Sofiat Abioye, Adnan Qayyum +6
In response to the success of proprietary Large Language Models (LLMs) such as OpenAI's GPT-4, there is a growing interest in developing open, non-proprietary LLMs and AI foundatio…
PathWISE: Multi-Agent Cancer Pathway Triaging Ontology Learning from Clinical Flowcharts
Sofiat Abioye, Ufaq Khan, Shazad Ashraf +6
Clinical pathways are disseminated as visual flowcharts where spatial topology, arrow direction, colour coding, and font weight encode critical triage logic that remains inaccessib…
RAPTOR+: A Visually Grounded Vision-Language Framework to Improve Clinical Trust and Auditability in Automated Cancer Referral Processing
Sofiat Abioye, Ufaq Khan, Shazad Ashraf +4
Urgent suspected colorectal cancer (CRC) referrals create operational bottlenecks because semi-structured clinical documents often require manual review and transcription. The orig…
NOS-Gate: Queue-Aware Streaming IDS for Consumer Gateways under Timing-Controlled Evasion
Muhammad Bilal, Omer Tariq, Hasan Ahmed
Timing and burst patterns can leak through encryption, and an adaptive adversary can exploit them. This undermines metadata-only detection in a stand-alone consumer gateway. Theref…
Revisiting Code Debloating with Ground Truth-based Evaluation
Muhammad Bilal, Moiz Ali, Mohit Kumar +4
Program debloating aims to remove unused code to reduce performance overhead, attack surfaces, and maintenance costs. Over time, debloating has evolved across multiple layers (cont…
RDSP: Rapidly Deployable Wireless Ad Hoc System for Post-Disaster Management
Ajmal Khan, Adnan Munir, Zeeshan Kaleem +7
In post-disaster scenarios, such as after floods, earthquakes, and in war zones, the cellular communication infrastructure may be destroyed or seriously disrupted. In such emergenc…
Can We Revitalize Interventional Healthcare with AI-XR Surgical Metaverses?
Adnan Qayyum, Muhammad Bilal, Muhammad Hadi +5
Recent advancements in technology, particularly in machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and the metaverse, offer great potential for revolutionizing surgical science. The com…
A Comprehensive Utility Function for Resource Allocation in Mobile Edge Computing
Zaiwar Ali, Sadia Khaf, Ziaul Haq Abba +5
In mobile edge computing (MEC), one of the important challenges is how much resources of which mobile edge server (MES) should be allocated to which user equipment (UE). The existi…
Network-Coding Approach for Information-Centric Networking
Muhammad Bilal
The current internet architecture is inefficient in fulfilling the demands of newly emerging internet applications. To address this issue, several over-the-top (OTT) application-le…
Network-Optimised Spiking Neural Network for Event-Driven Networking
Muhammad Bilal
Delay-coupled systems often require low-latency decisions from sparse telemetry, where dense fixed-step neural inference is wasteful and can degrade near stability margins. We intr…
Nova3D: Code-Native Generation of Programmable 3D Assets
Nimra Noor, Muhammad Bilal, Abdullah Hussain +1
Current 3D generative models mostly produce a final surface: a visually strong but largely opaque mesh. Interactive 3D worlds need more than a surface. They need named parts, an as…
Effective Caching for the Secure Content Distribution in Information-Centric Networking
Muhammad Bilal, Shin-Gak Kang, Sangheon Pack
The secure distribution of protected content requires consumer authentication and involves the conventional method of end-to-end encryption. However, in information-centric network…
MedObvious: Exposing the Medical Moravec's Paradox in VLMs via Clinical Triage
Ufaq Khan, Umair Nawaz, L D M S S Teja +5
Vision Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly used for tasks like medical report generation and visual question answering. However, fluent diagnostic text does not guarantee safe…
Communication and Control in Collaborative UAVs: Recent Advances and Future Trends
Shumaila Javaid, Nasir Saeed, Zakria Qadir +4
The recent progress in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) technology has significantly advanced UAV-based applications for military, civil, and commercial domains. Nevertheless, the ch…
Deja Vu at Scale: Paraphrase-Robust Detection of Duplicate Gherkin Steps in Behaviour-Driven Software Testing with Sentence-Transformer Embeddings and a 1.1M-Step Open Benchmark
Ali Hassaan Mughal, Noor Fatima, Muhammad Bilal
Context. Behaviour-Driven Development (BDD) suites in Gherkin accumulate step-text duplication with documented maintenance cost. Prior detectors either require runnable tests or ar…
An Authentication Protocol for Future Sensor Networks
Muhammad Bilal, Shin-Gak Kang
Authentication is one of the essential security services in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for ensuring secure data sessions. Sensor node authentication ensures the confidentialit…
1D-CNN-IDS: 1D CNN-based Intrusion Detection System for IIoT
Arslan Bisharat, Muhammad Mubeen, Muhammad Bilal +1
The demand of the Internet of Things (IoT) has witnessed exponential growth. These progresses are made possible by the technological advancements in artificial intelligence, cloud…
Secure Distribution of Protected Content in Information-Centric Networking
Muhammad Bilal, Sangheon Pack
The benefits of the ubiquitous caching in ICN are profound, such features make ICN promising for content distribution, but it also introduces a challenge to content protection agai…
VEC-Sim: A Simulation Platform for Evaluating Service Caching and Computation Offloading Policies in Vehicular Edge Networks
Fan Wu, Xiaolong Xu, Muhammad Bilal +3
Computer simulation platforms offer an alternative solution by emulating complex systems in a controlled manner. However, existing Edge Computing (EC) simulators, as well as genera…
A Secure Key Agreement Protocol for Dynamic Group
Muhammad Bilal, Shin-Gak Kang
To accomplish secure group communication, it is essential to share a unique cryptographic key among group members. The underlying challenges to group key agreement are scalability,…
DMAS-Forge: A Framework for Transparent Deployment of AI Applications as Distributed Systems
Alessandro Cornacchia, Vaastav Anand, Muhammad Bilal +2
Agentic AI applications increasingly rely on multiple agents with distinct roles, specialized tools, and access to memory layers to solve complex tasks -- closely resembling servic…
Secure and Robust Machine Learning for Healthcare: A Survey
Adnan Qayyum, Junaid Qadir, Muhammad Bilal +1
Recent years have witnessed widespread adoption of machine learning (ML)/deep learning (DL) techniques due to their superior performance for a variety of healthcare applications ra…
Comparison Based Analysis of Different Cryptographic and Encryption Techniques Using Message Authentication Code (MAC) in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
Sadaqat Ur Rehman, Muhammad Bilal, Basharat Ahmad +3
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are becoming popular day by day, however one of the main issue in WSN is its limited resources. We have to look to the resources to create Message Au…
A Systematic Review of Bio-Cyber Interface Technologies and Security Issues for Internet of Bio-Nano Things
Sidra Zafar, Mohsin Nazir, Taimur Bakhshi +6
Advances in synthetic biology and nanotechnology have contributed to the design of tools that can be used to control, reuse, modify, and re-engineer cells' structure, as well as en…
MLLM-HWSI: A Multimodal Large Language Model for Hierarchical Whole Slide Image Understanding
Basit Alawode, Arif Mahmood, Muaz Khalifa Al-Radi +6
Whole Slide Images (WSIs) exhibit hierarchical structure, where diagnostic information emerges from cellular morphology, regional tissue organization, and global context. Existing…
Autonomous Trajectory Optimization for UAVs in Disaster Zone Using Henry Gas Optimization Scheme
Zakria Qadir, Muhammad Bilal, Guoqiang Liu +1
The unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in a disaster-prone environment plays important role in assisting the rescue services and providing the internet connectivity with the outside w…
Early Risk Prediction of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia with Protein Sequences using Machine Learning-based Meta-Ensemble
Madiha Hameed, Muhammad Bilal, Tuba Majid +2
Leukemia, the cancer of blood cells, originates in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow. In Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) conditions, the cells partially become mature that…
Throughput Enhancement by Concurrent Transmission in WPAN with Multiple Antennas
Muhammad Bilal, Moonsoo Kang
To achieve high rate of Multi-Giga-bits-per-second for multimedia applications at personal area level, 60 GHz communication technologies are most potential candidates. Due to some…
A Review of Internet of Things Architecture, Technologies and Analysis Smartphone-based Attacks Against 3D printers
Muhammad Bilal
Human beings cannot be happy with any kind of tiredness based work, so they focused on machines to work on behalf of humans. The Internet-based latest technology provides the platf…
REFOL: Resource-Efficient Federated Online Learning for Traffic Flow Forecasting
Qingxiang Liu, Sheng Sun, Yuxuan Liang +6
Multiple federated learning (FL) methods are proposed for traffic flow forecasting (TFF) to avoid heavy-transmission and privacy-leaking concerns resulting from the disclosure of r…
With Great Freedom Comes Great Opportunity: Rethinking Resource Allocation for Serverless Functions
Muhammad Bilal, Marco Canini, Rodrigo Fonseca +1
Current serverless offerings give users a limited degree of flexibility for configuring the resources allocated to their function invocations by either coupling memory and CPU reso…
Robust Surgical Tools Detection in Endoscopic Videos with Noisy Data
Adnan Qayyum, Hassan Ali, Massimo Caputo +7
Over the past few years, surgical data science has attracted substantial interest from the machine learning (ML) community. Various studies have demonstrated the efficacy of emergi…
Towards Smart Education through the Internet of Things: A Review
Afzal Badshah, Anwar Ghani, Ali Daud +3
IoT is a fundamental enabling technology for creating smart spaces, which can assist the effective face-to-face and online education systems. The transition to smart education (int…
Certified Closed-Loop Control for Packet Networks: A Compositional Certification Framework
Muhammad Bilal, Jon Crowcroft, Xiaolong Xu +1
Packet networks are controlled dynamical systems with discontinuities, delayed observations, and partial state information. Adaptive or learning-driven proposers can improve perfor…
An Ensemble Learning Approach towards Waste Segmentation in Cluttered Environment
Maimoona Jafar, Syed Imran Ali, Ahsan Saadat +2
Environmental pollution is a critical global issue, with recycling emerging as one of the most viable solutions. This study focuses on waste segregation, a crucial step in recyclin…
Classification of Chest Diseases using Wavelet Transforms and Transfer Learning
Ahmed Rasheed, Muhammad Shahzad Younis, Muhammad Bilal +1
Chest X-ray scan is a most often used modality by radiologists to diagnose many chest related diseases in their initial stages. The proposed system aids the radiologists in making…
Given, When, Then, Again: Mining Subscenario Refactoring Candidates in Behaviour-Driven Test Suites with ML Classifiers and LLM-Judge Baselines
Ali Hassaan Mughal, Noor Fatima, Muhammad Bilal
Context. Behaviour-Driven Development (BDD) test suites accumulate duplicated step subsequences. Three published refactoring patterns are available (within-file Background, within-…
Thermodynamics of accelerating and rotating black holes
Muhammad Bilal, K. Saifullah
Thermodynamics of a large family of black holes from electrovacuum solutions of Einstein's equations is studied. This family includes rotating and non-accelerating black holes with…
Crop Pest Classification Using Deep Learning Techniques: A Review
Muhammad Hassam Ejaz, Muhammad Bilal, Usman Habib +2
Insect pests continue to bring a serious threat to crop yields around the world, and traditional methods for monitoring them are often slow, manual, and difficult to scale. In rece…
Crowd Density Estimation using Novel Feature Descriptor
Adwan Alownie Alanazi, Muhammad Bilal
Crowd density estimation is an important task for crowd monitoring. Many efforts have been done to automate the process of estimating crowd density from images and videos. Despite…
Future Mobile Network Architecture: Challenges and Issues
Muhammad Bilal, Moonsoo Kang
The future mobile networks facing many challenges and to cope these challenges, different standards and project has been proposed so far. Most recently Cognitive Networks has opene…
Time Aware Least Recent Used (TLRU) Cache Management Policy in ICN
Muhammad Bilal, Shin-Gak Kang
The information centric networks (ICN) can be viewed as a network of caches. Conversely, ICN type of cache networks has distinctive features e.g, contents popularity, usability tim…
Unsupervised Adversarial Domain Adaptation for Cross-Lingual Speech Emotion Recognition
Siddique Latif, Junaid Qadir, Muhammad Bilal
Cross-lingual speech emotion recognition (SER) is a crucial task for many real-world applications. The performance of SER systems is often degraded by the differences in the distri…