papers

Publications (64)

astro-ph.HE2026

Multi-messenger constraints on LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA gravitational wave binary black holes merging in AGN disks

Tomás Cabrera, Antonella Palmese, Maya Fishbach

While the LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA (LVK) gravitational wave (GW) detectors have detected over 300 binary black hole (BBH) mergers to date, the first confirmation of an electromagnetic (EM)…

astro-ph.HE2024

The Mass Density of Merging Binary Black Holes Over Cosmic Time

Aryanna Schiebelbein-Zwack, Maya Fishbach

The connection between the binary black hole (BBH) mergers observed by LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) and their stellar progenitors remains uncertain. Specifically, the fraction of st…

astro-ph.CO2019

Standard sirens with a running Planck mass

Macarena Lagos, Maya Fishbach, Philippe Landry +1

We consider the effect of a time-varying Planck mass on the propagation of gravitational waves (GWs). A running Planck mass arises naturally in several modified gravity theories, a…

astro-ph.HE2026

Evidence of the pair instability gap from black hole masses

Hui Tong, Maya Fishbach, Eric Thrane +13

Stellar theory predicts a forbidden range of black-hole masses between -- due to pair-instability supernovae, but evidence for such a gap in the mass distri…

astro-ph.HE2025

Gravitational-wave kicks impact spins of black holes from hierarchical mergers

Angela Borchers, Claire S. Ye, Maya Fishbach

One proposed black hole formation channel involves hierarchical mergers, where black holes form through repeated binary mergers. Previous studies have shown that such black holes f…

astro-ph.CO2021

Cosmology with Standard Sirens at Cosmic Noon

Christine Ye, Maya Fishbach

Gravitational waves (GWs) directly measure the luminosity distance to the merger, which, when combined with an independent measurement of the source's redshift, provides a novel pr…

astro-ph.HE2017

Where are LIGO's Big Black Holes?

Maya Fishbach, Daniel E. Holz

In LIGO's O1 and O2 observational runs, the detectors were sensitive to stellar mass binary black hole coalescences with component masses up to , with binaries with p…

astro-ph.HE2026

Gravitational lensing rarely produces high-mass outliers to the compact binary population

Amanda M. Farah, Jose María Ezquiaga, Maya Fishbach +1

All gravitational-wave signals are inevitably gravitationally lensed by intervening matter as they propagate through the Universe. When a gravitational-wave signal is magnified, it…

astro-ph.HE2022

Bridging the Gap: Categorizing Gravitational-Wave Events at the Transition Between Neutron Stars and Black Holes

Amanda M. Farah, Maya Fishbach, Reed Essick +2

We search for features in the mass distribution of detected compact binary coalescences which signify the transition between neutron stars and black holes. We analyze all gravitati…

gr-qc2025

Compact Binary Coalescence Sensitivity Estimates with Injection Campaigns during the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaborations' Fourth Observing Run

Reed Essick, Michael W. Coughlin, Michael Zevin +21

We describe the effort to characterize gravitational-wave searches and detector sensitivity to different types of compact binary coalescences during the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaborat…

astro-ph.HE2018

Does the Black Hole Merger Rate Evolve with Redshift?

Maya Fishbach, Daniel E. Holz, Will M. Farr

We explore the ability of gravitational-wave detectors to extract the redshift distribution of binary black hole (BBH) mergers. The evolution of the merger rate across redshifts $0…

astro-ph.HE2026

Mass Distribution of Binary Black Hole Mergers from Young and Old Dense Star Clusters

Claire S. Ye, Maya Fishbach, Kyle Kremer +1

Dense star clusters are thought to contribute significantly to the merger rates of stellar-mass binary black holes (BBHs) detected by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration. We combine…

astro-ph.HE2022

Inferring the neutron star maximum mass and lower mass gap in neutron star-black hole systems with spin

Christine Ye, Maya Fishbach

Gravitational-wave (GW) detections of merging neutron star-black hole (NSBH) systems probe astrophysical neutron star (NS) and black hole (BH) mass distributions, especially at the…

gr-qc2018

Limits on the number of spacetime dimensions from GW170817

Kris Pardo, Maya Fishbach, Daniel E. Holz +1

The observation of GW170817 in both gravitational and electromagnetic waves provides a number of unique tests of general relativity. One question we can answer with this event is:…

astro-ph.HE2022

Limits on hierarchical black hole mergers from the most negative systems

Maya Fishbach, Chase Kimball, Vicky Kalogera

It has been proposed that some black holes (BHs) in binary black hole (BBH) systems are born from "hierarchical mergers" (HM); i.e. earlier mergers of smaller BHs. These HM product…

astro-ph.HE2020

Shouts and Murmurs: Combining Individual Gravitational-Wave Sources with the Stochastic Background to Measure the History of Binary Black Hole Mergers

Thomas Callister, Maya Fishbach, Daniel Holz +1

One of the goals of gravitational-wave astronomy is to quantify the evolution of the compact binary merger rate with redshift. The redshift distribution of black hole mergers would…

astro-ph.HE2020

Picky Partners: The Pairing of Component Masses in Binary Black Hole Mergers

Maya Fishbach, Daniel E. Holz

We examine the relationship between individual black hole (BH) masses in merging binary black hole (BBH) systems. Analyzing the ten BBH detections from LIGO/Virgo's first two obser…

astro-ph.HE2019

Counting on Short Gamma-Ray Bursts: Gravitational-Wave Constraints of Jet Geometry

Amanda Farah, Reed Essick, Zoheyr Doctor +2

The detection of GW170817 in gravitational waves and gamma rays revealed that short gamma-ray bursts are associated with the merger of neutron-stars. Gamma rays are thought to resu…

astro-ph.HE2026

The maximum mass ratio of hierarchical binary black hole mergers may cause the - correlation

Aditya Vijaykumar, Amanda M. Farah, Maya Fishbach

Regardless of their initial spins, the merger of two roughly equal mass black holes (BHs) produces a remnant BH of dimensionless spin . Such remnants can merge with other BHs…

astro-ph.HE2020

Minding the gap: GW190521 as a straddling binary

Maya Fishbach, Daniel E. Holz

Models for black hole (BH) formation from stellar evolution robustly predict the existence of a pair-instability supernova (PISN) mass gap in the range to solar…

astro-ph.CO2019

A Future Percent-Level Measurement of the Hubble Expansion at Redshift 0.8 With Advanced LIGO

Will M. Farr, Maya Fishbach, Jiani Ye +1

Simultaneous measurements of distance and redshift can be used to constrain the expansion history of the universe and associated cosmological parameters. Merging binary black hole…

astro-ph.CO2025

How Low Can You Go: Constraining the Effects of Catalog Incompleteness on Dark Siren Cosmology

Madison VanWyngarden, Maya Fishbach, Aditya Vijaykumar +2

Gravitational waves (GWs) serve as standard sirens by directly encoding the luminosity distance to their source. When the host galaxy redshift is known, for example, through observ…

astro-ph.HE2021

Probing Extremal Gravitational-Wave Events with Coarse-Grained Likelihoods

Reed Essick, Amanda Farah, Shanika Galaudage +4

As catalogs of gravitational-wave transients grow, new records are set for the most extreme systems observed to date. The most massive observed black holes probe the physics of pai…

astro-ph.HE2024

Things that might go bump in the night: Assessing structure in the binary black hole mass spectrum

Amanda M. Farah, Bruce Edelman, Michael Zevin +4

Several features in the mass spectrum of merging binary black holes (BBHs) have been identified using data from the Third Gravitational Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-3). These featu…

gr-qc2023

DAGnabbit! Ensuring Consistency between Noise and Detection in Hierarchical Bayesian Inference

Reed Essick, Maya Fishbach

Hierarchical Bayesian inference can simultaneously account for both measurement uncertainty and selection effects within astronomical catalogs. In particular, the hierarchy imposed…

astro-ph.HE2022

SOAR/Goodman Spectroscopic Assessment of Candidate Counterparts of the LIGO-Virgo Event GW190814

Douglas Tucker, Matthew Wiesner, Sahar Allam +140

On 2019 August 14 at 21:10:39 UTC, the LIGO/Virgo Collaboration (LVC) detected a possible neutron star-black hole merger (NSBH), the first ever identified. An extensive search for…

astro-ph.HE2024

The Redshift Evolution of the Binary Black Hole Mass Distribution from Dense Star Clusters

Claire S. Ye, Maya Fishbach

Gravitational-wave detectors are unveiling a population of binary black hole (BBH) mergers out to redshifts , and are starting to constrain how the BBH population evol…

astro-ph.HE2025

Probing cosmic chemical enrichment with next-generation gravitational-wave observatories

Maya Fishbach

By observing binary black hole (BBH) mergers out to the edge of the Universe, next-generation (XG) ground-based gravitational-wave (GW) detectors like Cosmic Explorer and Einstein…

astro-ph.SR2025

Surprisingly Similar: The Mass Function of Gaia Neutron Stars and First-Born Double Neutron Stars

Aryanna Schiebelbein-Zwack, L. A. C van Son, Maya Fishbach +1

The mass distribution of neutron stars encodes information about their formation and binary evolution. We compare the masses of two distinct populations: I) the recently identified…

astro-ph.GA2020

The binary-host connection: astrophysics of gravitational wave binaries from their host galaxy properties

Susmita Adhikari, Maya Fishbach, Daniel E. Holz +2

Gravitational waves produced from the merger of binary neutron stars (BNSs) are accompanied by electromagnetic counterparts, making it possible to identify the associated host gala…

astro-ph.HE2026

Regression on Regression: Mapping Data-Driven Binary Black Hole Merger Rate Fits to Progenitor Histories

Emma Blanchet, Aryanna Schiebelbein-Zwack, Maya Fishbach

The binary black hole (BBH) merger rate is governed by the progenitor formation rate and the distribution of delay-times between formation and merger, but these functions remain po…

astro-ph.HE2022

Do high-spin high-mass X-ray binaries contribute to the population of merging binary black holes?

Monica Gallegos-Garcia, Maya Fishbach, Vicky Kalogera +2

Gravitational-wave observations of binary black hole (BBH) systems point to black hole spin magnitudes being relatively low. These measurements appear in tension with high spin mea…

astro-ph.HE2020

Does Matter Matter? Using the mass distribution to distinguish neutron stars and black holes

Maya Fishbach, Reed Essick, Daniel E. Holz

Gravitational-wave detectors have opened a new window through which we can observe black holes (BHs) and neutron stars (NSs). Analyzing the 11 detections from LIGO/Virgo's first gr…

astro-ph.HE2023

The role of natal kicks in forming asymmetric compact binary mergers

Madeline Oh, Maya Fishbach, Chase Kimball +2

In their most recent observing run, the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) Collaboration observed gravitational waves (GWs) from compact binary mergers with highly asymmetric mass ratios, incl…

astro-ph.HE2026

Forbidden Formation Histories: The Binary Black Hole Merger Rate Disfavors Long Delay Times

Aryanna Schiebelbein-Zwack, Maya Fishbach

The redshift evolution of the binary black hole (BBH) merger rate can be expressed as the convolution of the progenitor formation rate with the distribution of time delays between…

astro-ph.HE2025

Predicting the rate of fast radio bursts in globular clusters from binary black hole observations

Aryamann Rao, Claire S. Ye, Maya Fishbach

The repeating fast radio burst (FRB) source in an old globular cluster (GC) in M81 proves that FRBs, which are typically associated with young magnetars, can also occur in old stel…

astro-ph.CO2025

Spinning spectral sirens: Robust cosmological measurement using mass-spin correlations in the binary black hole population

Hui Tong, Maya Fishbach, Eric Thrane

Gravitational waves from compact binary mergers provide a direct measurement of luminosity distance, which, in combination with redshift information, serves as a cosmological probe…

astro-ph.HE2022

Apples and Oranges: Comparing black holes in X-ray binaries and gravitational-wave sources

Maya Fishbach, Vicky Kalogera

The component black holes (BHs) observed in gravitational-wave (GW) binary black hole (BBH) events tend to be more massive and slower spinning than those observed in black hole X-r…

astro-ph.HE2024

Two of a Kind: Comparing big and small black holes in binaries with gravitational waves

Amanda M. Farah, Maya Fishbach, Daniel E. Holz

When modeling the population of merging binary black holes, analyses have generally focused on characterizing the distribution of primary (i.e. more massive) black holes in the bin…

astro-ph.IM2023

Roman CCS White Paper: Characterizing the Galactic population of isolated black holes

Casey Y. Lam, Natasha Abrams, Jeff Andrews +34

Although there are estimated to be 100 million isolated black holes (BHs) in the Milky Way, only one has been found so far, resulting in significant uncertainty about their propert…

astro-ph.HE2022

The correlation of field binary black hole mergers and how 3G gravitational-wave detectors can constrain it

Simone S. Bavera, Maya Fishbach, Michael Zevin +2

Understanding the origin of merging binary black holes is currently one of the most pressing quests in astrophysics. We show that if isolated binary evolution dominates the formati…

astro-ph.HE2021

The time delay distribution and formation metallicity of LIGO-Virgo's binary black holes

Maya Fishbach, Vicky Kalogera

We derive the first constraints on the time delay distribution of binary black hole (BBH) mergers using the LIGO-Virgo Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog GWTC-2. Assuming that th…

gr-qc2025

Transdimensional inference for gravitational-wave astronomy with Bilby

Hui Tong, Nir Guttman, Teagan A. Clarke +8

It has become increasingly useful to answer questions in gravitational-wave astronomy using transdimensional models where the number of free parameters can be varied depending on t…

astro-ph.CO2022

Unveiling the Universe with Emerging Cosmological Probes

Michele Moresco, Lorenzo Amati, Luca Amendola +22

The detection of the accelerated expansion of the Universe has been one of the major breakthroughs in modern cosmology. Several cosmological probes (CMB, SNe Ia, BAO) have been stu…

astro-ph.HE2017

Are LIGO's Black Holes Made From Smaller Black Holes?

Maya Fishbach, Daniel E. Holz, Ben Farr

One proposed formation channel for stellar mass black holes (BHs) is through hierarchical mergers of smaller BHs. Repeated mergers between comparable mass BHs leave an imprint on t…

gr-qc2022

The Hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy catalog approach for gravitational wave cosmology

Jonathan R. Gair, Archisman Ghosh, Rachel Gray +28

We outline the ``dark siren'' galaxy catalog method for cosmological inference using gravitational wave (GW) standard sirens, clarifying some common misconceptions in the implement…

astro-ph.HE2022

An Isotropy Measurement with Gravitational Wave Observations

Reed Essick, Will M. Farr, Maya Fishbach +2

We constrain the distribution of merging compact binaries across the celestial sphere using the GWTC-3 catalog from the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaborations' (LVK) third observing run.…

astro-ph.GA2023

Globular cluster formation histories, masses and radii inferred from gravitational waves

Maya Fishbach, Giacomo Fragione

Globular clusters (GCs) are found in all types of galaxies and harbor some of the most extreme stellar systems, including black holes that may dynamically assemble into merging bin…

gr-qc2019

Enabling real-time multi-messenger astrophysics discoveries with deep learning

E. A. Huerta, Gabrielle Allen, Igor Andreoni +57

Multi-messenger astrophysics is a fast-growing, interdisciplinary field that combines data, which vary in volume and speed of data processing, from many different instruments that…

astro-ph.HE2026

Is GW231123 a hierarchical merger?

Lachlan Passenger, Sharan Banagiri, Eric Thrane +4

The binary black hole merger GW231123 is both the most massive gravitational-wave event observed and has the highest component spins measured to date. The dimensionless spins of th…

astro-ph.GA2023

LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA's Oldest Black Holes: Probing star formation at cosmic noon with GWTC-3

Maya Fishbach, Lieke van Son

In their third observing run, the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA gravitational-wave (GW) observatory was sensitive to binary black hole (BBH) mergers out to redshifts .…

astro-ph.HE2021

Hierarchical mergers of stellar-mass black holes and their gravitational-wave signatures

Davide Gerosa, Maya Fishbach

We review theoretical findings, astrophysical modeling, and current gravitational-wave evidence of hierarchical stellar-mass black-hole mergers. While most of the compact binary me…

astro-ph.HE2025

A subpopulation of low-mass, spinning black holes: signatures of dynamical assembly

Hui Tong, Thomas A. Callister, Maya Fishbach +5

Gravitational-wave observations of massive, rapidly spinning binary black holes mergers provide increasing evidence for the dynamical origin of some mergers. Previous studies have…

gr-qc2020

Cosmological Inference using Gravitational Wave Standard Sirens: A Mock Data Challenge

Rachel Gray, Ignacio Magaña Hernandez, Hong Qi +12

The observation of binary neutron star merger GW170817, along with its optical counterpart, provided the first constraint on the Hubble constant using gravitational wave stan…

astro-ph.HE2026

The steep redshift evolution of the hierarchical binary black hole merger rate may cause the - correlation

Amanda M. Farah, Aditya Vijaykumar, Maya Fishbach

There is growing evidence from gravitational-wave observations that some merging black holes are created from previous mergers. Using the prediction that these hierarchically merge…

astro-ph.CO2018

A 2 per cent Hubble constant measurement from standard sirens within 5 years

Hsin-Yu Chen, Maya Fishbach, Daniel E. Holz

Gravitational wave coalescence events provide an entirely new way to determine the Hubble constant, with the absolute distance calibration provided by the theory of general relativ…

astro-ph.CO2025

Gravitational-wave dark siren cosmology systematics from galaxy weighting

Alexandra G. Hanselman, Aditya Vijaykumar, Maya Fishbach +1

The detection of GW170817 and the measurement of its redshift from the associated electromagnetic counterpart provided the first gravitational wave determination of the Hubble cons…

astro-ph.HE2021

Do LIGO/Virgo black hole mergers produce AGN flares? The case of GW190521 and prospects for reaching a confident association

Antonella Palmese, Maya Fishbach, Colin J. Burke +2

The recent report of an association of the gravitational-wave (GW) binary black hole (BBH) merger GW190521 with a flare in the Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) J124942.3+344929 has gen…

astro-ph.HE2021

When are LIGO/Virgo's Big Black-Hole Mergers?

Maya Fishbach, Zoheyr Doctor, Thomas Callister +6

We study the evolution of the binary black hole (BBH) mass distribution across cosmic time. The second gravitational-wave transient catalog (GWTC-2) from LIGO/Virgo contains BBH ev…

astro-ph.HE2024

Inferring host-galaxy properties of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA's black holes

Aditya Vijaykumar, Maya Fishbach, Susmita Adhikari +1

Observations of gravitational waves from binary black hole (BBH) mergers have measured the redshift evolution of the BBH merger rate. The number density of galaxies in the Universe…

astro-ph.HE2020

Constraints from gravitational wave detections of binary black hole mergers on the rate

Robert Farmer, Mathieu Renzo, Selma de Mink +2

Gravitational wave detections are starting to allow us to probe the physical processes in the evolution of very massive stars through the imprints they leave on their final remnant…

astro-ph.HE2024

Are long gamma-ray bursts progenitors to merging binary black holes?

Tom Y. Wu, Maya Fishbach

The distribution of delay times between the formation of binary black hole (BBH) progenitors and their gravitational-wave (GW) merger provides important clues about their unknown f…

astro-ph.HE2026

Implications of low neutron star merger rates for gamma-ray bursts, r-process production and Galactic double neutron stars

Maya Fishbach, Alexander P. Ji, Wen-fai Fong +4

The first multimessenger discovery of a binary neutron star (BNS) merger, GW170817, proved that such mergers can source short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) and produce r-process element…

astro-ph.HE2019

The Most Massive Binary Black Hole Detections and the Identification of Population Outliers

Maya Fishbach, Will M. Farr, Daniel E. Holz

Advanced LIGO and Virgo detected ten binary black holes (BBHs) in their first two observing runs (O1 and O2). Analysis of these events found strong evidence for a dearth of BBHs wi…