papers

Publications (43)

eess.SP2026

Channel Estimation in MIMO Systems Aided by Microwave Linear Analog Computers (MiLACs)

Qiaosen Zhang, Matteo Nerini, Bruno Clerckx

Microwave linear analog computers (MiLACs) have recently emerged as a promising solution for future gigantic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, enabling beamforming wit…

cs.NI2021

5G Network Slicing for Wi-Fi Networks

Matteo Nerini, David Palma

Future networks will pave the way for a myriad of applications with different requirements and Wi-Fi will play an important role in local area networks. This is why network slicing…

cs.IT2026

RIS Optimization and Scaling Laws in Multi-Operator Systems: Is Quadratic Scaling Achievable?

Zheyu Wu, Matteo Nerini, Bruno Clerckx

This paper studies multi-operator wireless communication systems aided by general reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), including both conventional single-connected RIS and bey…

cs.IT2026

Microwave Linear Analog Computers (MiLACs) for Communications: Opportunities and Challenges

Matteo Nerini, Bruno Clerckx

Future wireless systems will require ever larger antenna arrays and heavier signal processing, making conventional digital multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) architectures diffi…

cs.IT2025

Physics-Compliant Modeling and Scaling Laws of Multi-RIS Aided MIMO Systems

Matteo Nerini, Gabriele Gradoni, Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) enables the control of wireless channels to improve coverage. To further extend coverage, multi-RIS aided systems have been explored, where…

eess.SP2026

Channel Estimation and Beamforming for Microwave Linear Analog Computers (MiLACs)-Aided Multiuser MISO Systems

Qiaosen Zhang, Matteo Nerini, Bruno Clerckx

Microwave linear analog computers (MiLACs) have recently gained attention for future gigantic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems by enabling beamforming with greatly red…

cs.IT2026

Low-Complexity Planar Beyond-Diagonal RIS Architecture Design Using Graph Theory

Matteo Nerini, Zheyu Wu, Shanpu Shen +1

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) enable programmable control of the wireless propagation environment and are key enablers for future networks. Beyond-diagonal RIS (BD-RIS…

cs.IT2025

Dual-Polarized Beyond Diagonal RIS

Matteo Nerini, Bruno Clerckx

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) is a family of RIS architectures more flexible than conventional RIS. While BD-RIS has been primarily analyzed assuming…

eess.SP2024

Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces with Mutual Coupling: Modeling and Optimization

Hongyu Li, Shanpu Shen, Matteo Nerini +2

This work studies the modeling and optimization of beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) aided wireless communication systems in the presence of mutual coupli…

cs.IT2026

Enabling Smart Radio Environments in the Frequency Domain With Movable Signals

Matteo Nerini, Bruno Clerckx

Smart radio environments (SREs) enhance wireless communications by allowing control over the channel. They have been enabled through surfaces with reconfigurable electromagnetic (E…

cs.IT2026

Physics-Compliant Modeling and Optimization of MIMO Systems Aided by Microwave Linear Analog Computers

Matteo Nerini, Bruno Clerckx

Microwave linear analog computer (MiLAC) has emerged as a promising architecture for implementing linear multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processing in the analog domain, with…

eess.SP2025

Beyond-Diagonal RIS Prototype and Performance Evaluation

Jean Tapie, Matteo Nerini, Bruno Clerckx +1

We present the first experimental prototype of a reflective beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS), i.e., a RIS with reconfigurable inter-element connections.…

cs.IT2023

Closed-Form Global Optimization of Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces

Matteo Nerini, Shanpu Shen, Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) allow controlling the propagation environment in wireless networks by tuning multiple reflecting elements. RISs have been traditionally r…

eess.SP2022

Learning Representations for CSI Adaptive Quantization and Feedback

Valentina Rizzello, Matteo Nerini, Michael Joham +2

In this work, we propose an efficient method for channel state information (CSI) adaptive quantization and feedback in frequency division duplexing (FDD) systems. Existing works ma…

cs.IT2024

Static Grouping Strategy Design for Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces

Matteo Nerini, Shanpu Shen, Bruno Clerckx

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) extends conventional RIS through novel architectures, such as group-connected RIS, with scattering matrix not restricted…

eess.SP2025

T-Parameters Based Modeling for Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces: Tractable and Physically Consistent Model

Hamad Yahya, Matteo Nerini, Bruno Clerckx +1

This work develops a physically consistent model for stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIM) using multiport network theory and transfer scattering parameters (T-parameters). Unlike…

cs.IT2025

Global Optimal Closed-Form Solutions for Intelligent Surfaces With Mutual Coupling: Is Mutual Coupling Detrimental or Beneficial?

Matteo Nerini, Hongyu Li, Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) is a breakthrough technology enabling the dynamic control of the propagation environment in wireless communications through programmable su…

eess.SP2026

Analog Computing with Hybrid Couplers and Phase Shifters

Matteo Nerini, Xuekang Liu, Bruno Clerckx

Analog computing with microwave signals can enable exceptionally fast computations, potentially surpassing the limits of conventional digital computing. For example, by letting som…

eess.SP2026

Beyond-Diagonal RIS Architecture Design and Optimization under Physics-Consistent Models

Zheyu Wu, Matteo Nerini, Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a promising technology for future wireless communication systems. Conventional RIS is constrained to a diagonal scattering matrix, which…

eess.SP2026

Microwave Linear Analog Computer (MiLAC)-aided Multiuser MISO: Fundamental Limits and Beamforming Design

Zheyu Wu, Matteo Nerini, Bruno Clerckx

As wireless communication systems evolve toward the 6G era, ultra-massive/gigantic MIMO is envisioned as a key enabling technology. Recently, microwave linear analog computer (MiLA…

cs.IT2024

Physically Consistent Modeling of Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces Implemented with Beyond Diagonal RIS

Matteo Nerini, Bruno Clerckx

Stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM) has emerged as a technology enabling wave domain beamforming through multiple stacked reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs). SIM has been…

cs.IT2024

Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces Utilizing Graph Theory: Modeling, Architecture Design, and Optimization

Matteo Nerini, Shanpu Shen, Hongyu Li +1

Recently, beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has been proposed to generalize conventional RIS. BD-RIS has a scattering matrix that is not restricted to bei…

cs.IT2026

Capacity of Two-User Wireless Systems Aided by Movable Signals

Matteo Nerini, Bruno Clerckx

Movable signals have emerged as a third approach to enable smart radio environments (SREs), complementing reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) and flexible antennas. This pap…

eess.SP2026

Active Beyond-Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: Modeling, Architecture Design, and Optimization

Shanpu Shen, Hongyu Li, Matteo Nerini +2

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs) are an emerging RIS 2.0 technology for future wireless communication. However, BD-RISs are primarily passive without a…

cs.IT2025

Analog Computing for Signal Processing and Communications -- Part I: Computing with Microwave Networks

Matteo Nerini, Bruno Clerckx

Analog computing has been recently revived due to its potential for energy-efficient and highly parallel computations. In this two-part paper, we explore analog computers that line…

cs.IT2024

A Universal Framework for Multiport Network Analysis of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces

Matteo Nerini, Shanpu Shen, Hongyu Li +2

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is an emerging paradigm able to control the propagation environment in wireless systems. Most of the research on RIS has been dedicated to…

eess.SP2026

Movable Beyond-Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: Moving, Interconnecting, or Both?

Shuyue Xu, Matteo Nerini, Bruno Clerckx

This letter proposes a movable beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (MA-BD-RIS) design, combining inter-element connectivity and movability for channel enhancement.…

eess.SP2025

A Tutorial on Beyond-Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: Modeling, Architectures, System Design and Optimization, and Applications

Hongyu Li, Matteo Nerini, Shanpu Shen +1

Written by its inventors, this first tutorial on Beyond-Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (BD-RISs) provides the readers with the basics and fundamental tools necessary…

cs.IT2024

Wideband Modeling and Beamforming for Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces

Hongyu Li, Matteo Nerini, Shanpu Shen +1

This work studies the wideband modeling and beamforming design of beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS), which generalizes and goes beyond conventional RIS wi…

cs.IT2026

MIMO Systems Aided by Microwave Linear Analog Computers: Capacity-Achieving Architectures with Reduced Circuit Complexity

Matteo Nerini, Bruno Clerckx

To meet the demands of future wireless networks, antenna arrays must scale from massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) to gigantic MIMO, involving even larger numbers of ant…

eess.SP2024

Beyond Diagonal RIS: Passive Maximum Ratio Transmission and Interference Nulling Enabler

Hamad Yahya, Hongyu Li, Matteo Nerini +2

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RIS) generalizes and goes beyond conventional diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (D-RIS) by interconnecting elemen…

eess.SP2025

Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in Wideband OFDM Communications: Circuit-Based Modeling and Optimization

Hongyu Li, Matteo Nerini, Shanpu Shen +1

This work investigates the modeling and optimization of beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS), which generalizes conventional RIS with diagonal phase shift ma…

cs.IT2023

Pareto Frontier for the Performance-Complexity Trade-off in Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces

Matteo Nerini, Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is an emerging technology allowing to control the propagation environment in wireless communications. Recently, beyond diagonal RIS (BD-RIS…

cs.IT2026

Microwave Linear Analog Computer (MiLAC) for Simultaneous Active and Passive Beamforming

Matteo Nerini, Bruno Clerckx

Microwave linear analog computers (MiLACs) have recently emerged to enable high-performance and efficient beamforming in the analog domain. In this paper, we introduce a dual-funct…

cs.IT2025

Capacity of MIMO Systems Aided by Microwave Linear Analog Computers (MiLACs)

Matteo Nerini, Bruno Clerckx

Future wireless systems, known as gigantic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), are expected to enhance performance by significantly increasing the number of antennas, e.g., a fe…

cs.IT2023

Machine Learning-Based CSI Feedback With Variable Length in FDD Massive MIMO

Matteo Nerini, Valentina Rizzello, Michael Joham +2

To fully unlock the benefits of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) networks, downlink channel state information (CSI) is required at the base station (BS). In frequency division…

cs.IT2023

Overhead-Free Blockage Detection and Precoding Through Physics-Based Graph Neural Networks: LIDAR Data Meets Ray Tracing

Matteo Nerini, Bruno Clerckx

In this letter, we address blockage detection and precoder design for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) links, without communication overhead required. Blockage detection is ac…

cs.IT2025

Analog Computing for Signal Processing and Communications -- Part II: Toward Gigantic MIMO Beamforming

Matteo Nerini, Bruno Clerckx

Analog-domain operations offer a promising solution to accelerating signal processing and enabling future multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications with thousands of ant…

cs.IT2026

Movable Signals with Dual-Polarized Fixed Intelligent Surfaces: Beyond Diagonal Reflection Matrices

Matteo Nerini, Bruno Clerckx

This paper investigates wireless systems aided by dual-polarized intelligent surfaces. We compare reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), which adjust their reflection matrices,…

cs.IT2025

Localized and Distributed Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces with Lossy Interconnections: Modeling and Optimization

Matteo Nerini, Golsa Ghiaasi, Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a key technology to control the communication environment in future wireless networks. Recently, beyond diagonal RIS (BD-RIS) emerged as…

cs.IT2024

Physics-Compliant Modeling and Scaling Laws of Multi-RIS Aided Systems

Matteo Nerini, Gabriele Gradoni, Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a revolutionary technology enabling the control of wireless channels and improving coverage in wireless networks. To further extend cove…

cs.IT2023

Discrete-Value Group and Fully Connected Architectures for Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces

Matteo Nerini, Shanpu Shen, Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) allow controlling the propagation environment in wireless networks through reconfigurable elements. Recently, beyond diagonal RISs (BD-RI…

eess.SP2023

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces 2.0: Beyond Diagonal Phase Shift Matrices

Hongyu Li, Shanpu Shen, Matteo Nerini +1

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been envisioned as a promising technique to enable and enhance future wireless communications due to its potential to engineer the wire…