Publications (69)
A Combined Ground-based and JWST Atmospheric Retrieval Analysis: Both IGRINS and NIRSpec Agree The Atmosphere of WASP-77A b is Metal-Poor
Peter Smith, Michael Line, Jacob Bean +12
Ground-based, high-resolution and space-based, low-resolution spectroscopy are the two main avenues through which transiting exoplanet atmospheres are studied. Both methods provide…
Constraints on atmospheric water abundance and cloud deck pressure in the warm Neptune GJ 3470 b via CARMENES transmission spectroscopy
Spandan Dash, Matteo Brogi, Siddharth Gandhi +4
Observations of cooler atmospheres of super-Earths and Neptune sized objects often show flat transmission spectra. The most likely cause of this trend is the presence of aerosols (…
Seeing above the Clouds with High Resolution Spectroscopy
Siddharth Gandhi, Matteo Brogi, Rebecca K. Webb
In the last decade ground based high resolution Doppler spectroscopy (HRS) has detected numerous species in transiting and non-transiting hot Jupiters, and is ideally placed for at…
A remnant planetary core in the hot-Neptune desert
David J. Armstrong, Théo A. Lopez, Vardan Adibekyan +91
The interiors of giant planets remain poorly understood. Even for the planets in the Solar System, difficulties in observation lead to large uncertainties in the properties of plan…
A population view of transiting hot giant exoplanets: Tracing Fe and Ti chemistry with ESPRESSO and MAROON-X
Bibiana Prinoth, Vivien Parmentier, Stefan Pelletier +9
Hot and ultra-hot Jupiters offer a unique laboratory to study atmospheric chemistry at the population level using ground-based high-resolution spectroscopy. Fe and Ti are key trace…
Limits on the atmospheric metallicity and aerosols of the sub-Neptune GJ 3090 b from high-resolution CRIRES+ spectroscopy
Luke T. Parker, João M. Mendonça, Hannah Diamond-Lowe +9
The sub-Neptune planets have no solar system analogues, and their low bulk densities suggest thick atmospheres containing degenerate quantities of volatiles and H/He, surrounding c…
High-Resolution Transit Spectroscopy of Warm Saturns
Emily K. Deibert, Ernst J. W. de Mooij, Ray Jayawardhana +4
We present high-resolution optical transmission spectroscopy of two sub-Saturn mass transiting exoplanets, HAT-P-12b and WASP-69b. With relatively low densities and high atmospheri…
The Roasting Marshmallows Program with IGRINS on Gemini South I: Composition and Climate of the Ultra Hot Jupiter WASP-18 b
Matteo Brogi, Vanessa Emeka-Okafor, Michael R. Line +19
We present high-resolution dayside thermal emission observations of the exoplanet WASP-18b using IGRINS on Gemini South. We remove stellar and telluric signatures using standard al…
Arid or Cloudy: Characterizing the Atmosphere of the super-Earth 55 Cancri e using High-Resolution Spectroscopy
Abhinav Jindal, Ernst J. W. de Mooij, Ray Jayawardhana +6
The nearby super-Earth 55 Cnc e orbits a bright (V = 5.95 mag) star with a period of ~ 18 hours and a mass of ~ 8 Earth masses. Its atmosphere may be water-rich and have a large sc…
Water observed in the atmosphere of Ï Bootis Ab with CARMENES/CAHA
Rebecca K. Webb, Siddharth Gandhi, Matteo Brogi +4
Characterising the atmospheres of hot Jupiters is important in understanding the formation and migration of these exotic planets. However, there are still many open questions about…
Comparing telluric removal methods in their capability to recover injected exoplanet atmosphere signals with high resolution emission spectroscopy
Marcelo Aron Fetzner Keniger, Matteo Brogi, David Armstrong +1
For ground-based high-resolution spectroscopic exoplanet atmosphere studies, removing the contamination from telluric and stellar lines is a crucial step in the analysis process. D…
The CRIMSON survey I: super-stellar SiO in the directly imaged companion TWA 5 B from high-resolution M-band spectroscopy
Luke T. Parker, Jayne L. Birkby, Siddharth Gandhi +4
Silicon is a key refractory element in giant planet atmospheres, which governs the formation of magnesium-silicate clouds, and reflects the quantity of silicates accreted during fo…
The Roasting Marshmallows Program with IGRINS on Gemini South II -- WASP-121 b has super-stellar C/O and refractory-to-volatile ratios
Peter C. B. Smith, Jorge A. Sanchez, Michael R. Line +19
A primary goal of exoplanet science is to measure the atmospheric composition of gas giants in order to infer their formation and migration histories. Common diagnostics for planet…
Molecular Cross Sections for High Resolution Spectroscopy of Super Earths, Warm Neptunes and Hot Jupiters
Siddharth Gandhi, Matteo Brogi, Sergei N. Yurchenko +9
High resolution spectroscopy (HRS) has been used to detect a number of species in the atmospheres of hot Jupiters. Key to such detections is accurately and precisely modelled spect…
The GAPS Programme at TNG XXXIX -- Multiple molecular species in the atmosphere of the warm giant planet WASP-80 b unveiled at high resolution with GIANO-B
Ilaria Carleo, Paolo Giacobbe, Gloria Guilluy +28
Detections of molecules in the atmosphere of gas giant exoplanets allow us to investigate the physico-chemical properties of the atmospheres. Their inferred chemical composition is…
High-resolution Ultraviolet-to-nearinfrared Characterization of Exoplanet Atmospheres
Patricio E. Cubillos, Matteo Brogi, Antonio GarcÃa Muñoz +19
The Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) offers a unique opportunity to revolutionize our understanding of planetary formation and evolution. The goal of this Science Case Developmen…
The mystery of water in the atmosphere of Boötis b continues: insights from revisiting archival CRIRES observations
Vatsal Panwar, Matteo Brogi, Siddharth Gandhi +2
The chemical abundances of gas-giant exoplanet atmospheres hold clues to the formation and evolution pathways that sculpt the exoplanet population. Recent ground-based high-resolut…
Atmospheric characterization of terrestrial exoplanets in the mid-infrared: biosignatures, habitability & diversity
Sascha P. Quanz, Olivier Absil, Daniel Angerhausen +45
Exoplanet science is one of the most thriving fields of modern astrophysics. A major goal is the atmospheric characterization of dozens of small, terrestrial exoplanets in order to…
Astroclimes -- measuring the abundance of CO and CH in the Earth's atmosphere using astronomical observations
Marcelo Aron Fetzner Keniger, David Armstrong, Matteo Brogi +2
Monitoring the abundance of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide (CO) and methane (CH) is necessary to quantify their impact on global warming and climate change.…
Retrieving Temperatures and Abundances of Exoplanet Atmospheres with High-Resolution Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy
Matteo Brogi, Michael R Line
Hi-resolution spectroscopy (R > 25,000) has recently emerged as one of the leading methods to detect atomic and molecular species in the atmospheres of exoplanets. However, it has…
Detection of carbon monoxide in the high-resolution day-side spectrum of the exoplanet HD 189733b
Remco J. de Kok, Matteo Brogi, Ignas A. G. Snellen +3
[Abridged] After many attempts over more than a decade, high-resolution spectroscopy has recently delivered its first detections of molecular absorption in exoplanet atmospheres, b…
SPORK That Spectrum: Increasing Detection Significances from High-Resolution Exoplanet Spectroscopy with Novel Smoothing Algorithms
Kaitlin C. Rasmussen, Matteo Brogi, Fahin Rahman +3
Spectroscopic studies of planets outside of our own solar system provide some of the most crucial information about their formation, evolution, and atmospheric properties. In groun…
The slow spin of the young sub-stellar companion GQ Lupi b and its orbital configuration
Henriette Schwarz, Christian Ginski, Remco J. de Kok +3
The spin of a planet or brown dwarf is related to the accretion process, and therefore studying spin can help promote our understanding of the formation of such objects. We present…
Doppler tomography as a tool for detecting exoplanet atmospheres
Christopher Watson, Ernst de Mooij, Danny Steeghs +4
High-resolution Doppler spectroscopy is a powerful tool for identifying molecular species in the atmospheres of both transiting and non-transiting exoplanets. Currently, such data…
A Stellar Magnesium to Silicon ratio in the atmosphere of an exoplanet
Jorge A. Sanchez, Peter C. B. Smith, Krishna Kanumalla +17
The elemental compositions of exoplanets encode information about their formation environments and internal structures. While volatile ratios such as carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) are use…
ExoGemS High-Resolution Transmission Spectroscopy of WASP-76b with GRACES
Emily K. Deibert, Ernst J. W. de Mooij, Ray Jayawardhana +9
We present high-resolution transmission spectroscopy of WASP-76b with GRACES/Gemini North obtained as part of the ExoGemS survey. With a broad spectral range of 400-1050 nm and a r…
A Non-Detection of Iron in the First High-Resolution Emission Study of the Lava Planet 55 Cnc e
Kaitlin C. Rasmussen, Miles H. Currie, Celeste Hagee +17
Close-in lava planets represent an extreme example of terrestrial worlds, but their high temperatures may allow us to probe a diversity of crustal compositions. The brightest and m…
The Young Substellar Companion ROXs 12 B: Near-Infrared Spectrum, System Architecture, and Spin-Orbit Misalignment
Brendan Bowler, Adam Kraus, Marta Bryan +8
ROXs 12 (2MASS J16262803-2526477) is a young star hosting a directly imaged companion near the deuterium-burning limit. We present a suite of spectroscopic, imaging, and time-serie…
Applications of a Gaussian Process Framework for Modelling of High-Resolution Exoplanet Spectra
Annabella Meech, Suzanne Aigrain, Matteo Brogi +1
Observations of exoplanet atmospheres in high resolution have the potential to resolve individual planetary absorption lines, despite the issues associated with ground-based observ…
The fast spin-rotation of a young extrasolar planet
Ignas Snellen, Bernhard Brandl, Remco de Kok +3
The spin-rotation of a planet arises from the accretion of angular momentum during its formation, but the details of this process are still unclear. In the solar system, the equato…
LRG-BEASTS: Detection of sodium and evidence for water absorption in the hot Saturn HAT-P-44b
Alastair B. Claringbold, Peter J. Wheatley, James Kirk +5
We present the low-resolution optical transmission spectrum of the inflated hot Saturn HAT-P-44b. The planet is a close sibling in radius (1.24 ), temperature (11…
A spectroscopic thermometer: individual vibrational band spectroscopy with the example of OH in the atmosphere of WASP-33b
Sam O. M. Wright, Stevanus K. Nugroho, Matteo Brogi +26
Individual vibrational band spectroscopy presents an opportunity to examine exoplanet atmospheres in detail by distinguishing where the vibrational state populations of molecules d…
Combining high-dispersion spectroscopy (HDS) with high contrast imaging (HCI): Probing rocky planets around our nearest neighbors
Ignas Snellen, Remco de Kok, Jayne Birkby +6
Aims: In this work, we discuss a way to combine High Dispersion Spectroscopy and High Contrast Imaging (HDS+HCI). For a planet located at a resolvable angular distance from its hos…
TOI-3862 b: A dense super-Neptune deep in the hot Neptune desert
Ilaria Carleo, Amadeo Castro-González, Enric Pallé +61
The structure and evolution of close-in exoplanets are shaped by atmospheric loss and migration processes, which give rise to key population features such as the hot Neptune desert…
Five carbon- and nitrogen-bearing species in a hot giant planet's atmosphere
Paolo Giacobbe, Matteo Brogi, Siddharth Gandhi +40
The atmospheres of gaseous giant exoplanets orbiting close to their parent stars (hot Jupiters) have been probed for nearly two decades. They allow us to investigate the chemical a…
Diagnosing aerosols in extrasolar giant planets with cross-correlation function of water bands
Lorenzo Pino, David Ehrenreich, Romain Allart +6
Transmission spectroscopy with ground-based, high-resolution instruments provides key insight into the composition of exoplanetary atmospheres. Molecules such as water and carbon m…
A solar C/O and sub-solar metallicity in a hot Jupiter atmosphere
Michael R. Line, Matteo Brogi, Jacob L. Bean +13
Measurements of the atmospheric carbon (C) and oxygen (O) relative to hydrogen (H) in hot Jupiters (relative to their host stars) provide insight into their formation location and…
A Significant Increase in Detection of High-Resolution Emission Spectra Using a Three-Dimensional Atmospheric Model of a Hot Jupiter
Hayley Beltz, Emily Rauscher, Matteo Brogi +1
High resolution spectroscopy has opened the way for new, detailed study of exoplanet atmospheres. There is evidence that this technique can be sensitive to the complex, three-dimen…
Search for TiO and Optical Night-side Emission from the Exoplanet WASP-33b
Miranda K. Herman, Ernst J. W. de Mooij, Ray Jayawardhana +1
With a temperature akin to an M-dwarf, WASP-33b is among the hottest Jupiters known, making it an ideal target for high-resolution optical spectroscopy. By analyzing both transmiss…
Magnetic field strengths of hot giant exoplanets consistent with Solar System values
Julia V. Seidel, Vivien Parmentier, Bibiana Prinoth +29
Magnetic fields are ubiquitous in the universe. They play a key role in shaping the activity of stars, the habitability of rocky planets, and the long-term retention of planetary a…
Ground-breaking Exoplanet Science with the ANDES spectrograph at the ELT
Enric Palle, Katia Biazzo, Emeline Bolmont +56
In the past decade the study of exoplanet atmospheres at high-spectral resolution, via transmission/emission spectroscopy and cross-correlation techniques for atomic/molecular mapp…
Detectability of oxygen fugacity regimes in the magma ocean world 55 Cancri e at high spectral resolution
Spandan Dash, Matteo Brogi, Fabian Lukas Seidler +5
Ultra-short Period exoplanets (USPs) like 55 Cnc e, hosting dayside magma oceans, present unique opportunities to study surface-atmosphere interactions. The composition of a vapori…
Into the red: an M-band study of the chemistry and rotation of Pictoris b at high spectral resolution
Luke T. Parker, Jayne L. Birkby, Rico Landman +7
High-resolution cross-correlation spectroscopy (HRCCS) combined with adaptive optics has been enormously successful in advancing our knowledge of exoplanet atmospheres, from chemis…
Measuring the D/H Ratios of Exoplanets and Brown Dwarfs
Caroline V. Morley, Andrew J. Skemer, Brittany E. Miles +5
The relative abundance of deuterium and hydrogen is a potent tracer of planet formation and evolution. Jupiter and Saturn have protosolar atmospheric D/H ratios, a relic of substan…
The High-Resolution Transmission Spectrum of HD 189733b Interpreted with Atmospheric Doppler Shifts from Three-Dimensional General Circulation Models
Erin Flowers, Matteo Brogi, Emily Rauscher +2
The signature of wind patterns caused by the interplay of rotation and energy redistribution in hot Jupiters is detectable at high spectral resolution, yet no direct comparison has…
IGRINS observations of WASP-127 b: HO, CO, and super-Solar atmospheric metallicity in the inflated sub-Saturn
Krishna Kanumalla, Michael R. Line, Megan Weiner Mansfield +6
High resolution spectroscopy of exoplanet atmospheres provides insights into their composition and dynamics from the resolved line shape and depth of thousands of spectral lines. W…
Carbon monoxide emission lines reveal an inverted atmosphere in the ultra hot Jupiter WASP-33 b consistent with an eastward hot spot
Lennart van Sluijs, Jayne L. Birkby, Joshua Lothringer +7
We report the first detection of CO emission at high spectral resolution in the day-side infrared thermal spectrum of an exoplanet. These emission lines, found in the atmosphere of…
Confirmation of Iron Emission Lines and Non-detection of TiO on the Dayside of KELT-9b with MAROON-X
David H. Kasper, Jacob L. Bean, Michael R. Line +5
We present dayside thermal emission observations of the hottest exoplanet KELT-9b using the new MAROON-X spectrograph. We detect atomic lines in emission with a signal-to-noise rat…
TOI-908: a planet at the edge of the Neptune desert transiting a G-type star
Faith Hawthorn, Daniel Bayliss, David J. Armstrong +36
We present the discovery of an exoplanet transiting TOI-908 (TIC-350153977) using data from TESS sectors 1, 12, 13, 27, 28 and 39. TOI-908 is a T = 10.7 mag G-dwarf ( = 56…
The Roasting Marshmallows Program with IGRINS on Gemini South III: Seeing deeper into the metal depleted atmosphere of a gas-giant on the cusp of the hot to ultra-hot Jupiter transition
Vatsal Panwar, Matteo Brogi, Krishna Kanumalla +17
Ultra-hot Jupiters are a class of gas-giant exoplanets that show a peculiar combination of thermochemical properties in the form of molecular dissociation, atomic ionization, and i…
The metallicity and carbon-to-oxygen ratio of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-76b from Gemini-S/IGRINS
Megan Weiner Mansfield, Michael R. Line, Joost P. Wardenier +11
Measurements of the carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratios of exoplanet atmospheres can reveal details about their formation and evolution. Recently, high-resolution cross-correlation analy…
Spatially-resolving the terminator: Variation of Fe, temperature and winds in WASP-76 b across planetary limbs and orbital phase
Siddharth Gandhi, Aurora Kesseli, Ignas Snellen +5
Exoplanet atmospheres are inherently three-dimensional systems in which thermal/chemical variation and winds can strongly influence spectra. Recently, the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-76…
Retrieval survey of metals in six ultra-hot Jupiters: Trends in chemistry, rain-out, ionisation and atmospheric dynamics
Siddharth Gandhi, Aurora Kesseli, Yapeng Zhang +9
Ground-based high-resolution spectroscopy (HRS) has detected numerous chemical species and atmospheric dynamics in exoplanets, most notably ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs). However, quan…
The Need for Laboratory Work to Aid in The Understanding of Exoplanetary Atmospheres
Jonathan J. Fortney, Tyler D. Robinson, Shawn Domagal-Goldman +31
Advancements in our understanding of exoplanetary atmospheres, from massive gas giants down to rocky worlds, depend on the constructive challenges between observations and models.…
Exoplanet-atmospheres at high spectral resolution: A CRIRES survey of hot-Jupiters
Ignas Snellen, Remco de Kok, Ernst de Mooij +3
Recently, we presented the detection of carbon monoxide in the transmission spectrum of extrasolar planet HD209458b, using CRIRES, the Cryogenic high-resolution Infrared Echelle Sp…
Revealing HO dissociation in WASP-76~b through combined high- and low-resolution transmission spectroscopy
Siddharth Gandhi, Rico Landman, Ignas Snellen +3
Numerous chemical constraints have been possible for exoplanetary atmospheres thanks to high-resolution spectroscopy (HRS) from ground-based facilities as well as low-resolution sp…
Saltire -- A model to measure dynamical masses for high-contrast binaries and exoplanets with high-resolution spectroscopy
Daniel Sebastian, Amaury H. M. J. Triaud, Matteo Brogi
High-resolution cross-correlation methods are widely used to discover and to characterise atomic and molecular species in exoplanet atmospheres. The characteristic cross-correlatio…
Search for Rayleigh scattering in the atmosphere of GJ1214b
Ernst J. W. de Mooij, Matteo Brogi, Remco J. de Kok +8
We investigate the atmosphere of GJ1214b, a transiting super-Earth planet with a low mean density, by measuring its transit depth as a function of wavelength in the blue optical po…
Phase-resolving the absorption signatures of water and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121b with GEMINI-S/IGRINS
Joost P. Wardenier, Vivien Parmentier, Michael R. Line +12
Ultra-hot Jupiters are among the best targets for atmospheric characterization at high spectral resolution. Resolving their transmission spectra as a function of orbital phase offe…
Precise mass and radius determination for two new and one known Neptune-sized planets around G Dwarf hosts
Ilaria Carleo, Grzegorz Nowak, Felipe Murgas +56
As part of the KESPRINT collaboration, we present the discovery and characterization of three exoplanets in the sub-Neptune to super-Neptune regime, spanning key regions of the exo…
The PLATO Mission
Heike Rauer, Conny Aerts, Juan Cabrera +842
PLATO (PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars) is ESA's M3 mission designed to detect and characterise extrasolar planets and perform asteroseismic monitoring of a large numb…
Unifying High- and Low-resolution Observations to Constrain the Dayside Atmosphere of KELT-20b/MASCARA-2b
David Kasper, Jacob L. Bean, Michael R. Line +10
We present high-resolution dayside thermal emission observations of the exoplanet KELT-20b/MASCARA-2b using the MAROON-X spectrograph. Applying the cross-correlation method with bo…
A weak spectral signature of water vapour in the atmosphere of HD 179949 b at high spectral resolution in the L-band
Rebecca K. Webb, Matteo Brogi, Siddharth Gandhi +5
High resolution spectroscopy (R > 20,000) is currently the only known method to constrain the orbital solution and atmospheric properties of non-transiting hot Jupiters. It does so…
First Detection of Hydroxyl Radical Emission from an Exoplanet Atmosphere: High-dispersion Characterization of WASP-33b using Subaru/IRD
Stevanus K. Nugroho, Hajime Kawahara, Neale P. Gibson +23
We report the first detection of a hydroxyl radical (OH) emission signature in the planetary atmosphere outside the solar system, in this case, in the day-side of WASP-33b. We anal…
Finding extraterrestrial life using ground-based high-resolution spectroscopy
Ignas Snellen, Remco de Kok, Rudolf Le Poole +2
Exoplanet observations promise one day to unveil the presence of extraterrestrial life. Atmospheric compounds in strong chemical disequilibrium would point to large-scale biologica…
ESA Voyage 2050 White Paper: Detecting life outside our solar system with a large high-contrast-imaging mission
Ignas Snellen, Simon Albrecht, Guillem Anglada-Escude +64
In this white paper, we recommend the European Space Agency plays a proactive role in developing a global collaborative effort to construct a large high-contrast imaging space tele…
Evidence against a strong thermal inversion in HD 209458 b from high-dispersion spectroscopy
Henriette Schwarz, Matteo Brogi, Remco de Kok +2
Broadband secondary-eclipse measurements of hot Jupiters have indicated the existence of atmospheric thermal inversions, but their presence is difficult to determine from broadband…
The Roasting Marshmallows Program with IGRINS on Gemini South V: Atmosphere of MASCARA-1b is Enriched in Refractory Elements
Krishna Kanumalla, Michael R. Line, Martina Chiarella +75
Ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs; K) enable simultaneous detection of volatile (ice-forming) and refractory (rock-forming) species in planetary atmospheres, provi…
Identifying new opportunities for exoplanet characterisation at high spectral resolution
Remco J. de Kok, Jayne Birkby, Matteo Brogi +4
[Abridged] Recently, there have been a series of detections of molecules in the atmospheres of extrasolar planets using high spectral resolution (R~100,000) observations, mostly us…