papers

Publications (32)

cs.CC2022

The Complexity of Pattern Counting in Directed Graphs, Parameterised by the Outdegree

Marco Bressan, Matthias Lanzinger, Marc Roth

We study the fixed-parameter tractability of the following fundamental problem: given two directed graphs and , count the number of copies of in .…

cs.DS2026

Homomorphism Indistinguishability Beyond Graphs: Relational Weisfeiler--Leman and Hypertree Width

Panagiotis Aivasiliotis, Andreas Göbel, Matthias Lanzinger +1

The Weisfeiler--Leman (WL) algorithm is one of the most influential heuristics for the graph isomorphism problem. The expressive power of WL has been extensively studied in the con…

cs.CC2016

Parameterized counting of trees, forests and matroid bases

Cornelius Brand, Marc Roth

We investigate the complexity of counting trees, forests and bases of matroids from a parameterized point of view. It turns out that the problems of computing the number of trees a…

cs.CC2025

Parameterised Holant Problems

Panagiotis Aivasiliotis, Andreas Göbel, Marc Roth +1

We investigate the complexity of parameterised holant problems p- for families of signatures . The parameterised holant framework was int…

cs.DM2024

Approximately Counting Answers to Conjunctive Queries with Disequalities and Negations

Jacob Focke, Leslie Ann Goldberg, Marc Roth +1

We study the complexity of approximating the number of answers to a small query in a large database . We establish an exhaustive classification into tractable and…

cs.CC2019

The Weak Call-By-Value λ-Calculus is Reasonable for Both Time and Space

Yannick Forster, Fabian Kunze, Marc Roth

We study the weak call-by-value -calculus as a model for computational complexity theory and establish the natural measures for time and space -- the number of beta-reductions…

cs.CC2019

Counting Answers to Existential Questions

Holger Dell, Marc Roth, Philip Wellnitz

Conjunctive queries select and are expected to return certain tuples from a relational database. We study the potentially easier problem of counting all selected tuples, rather tha…

cs.CC2016

Fine-grained dichotomies for the Tutte plane and Boolean #CSP

Cornelius Brand, Holger Dell, Marc Roth

Jaeger, Vertigan, and Welsh [15] proved a dichotomy for the complexity of evaluating the Tutte polynomial at fixed points: The evaluation is #P-hard almost everywhere, and the rema…

cs.DM2025

Counting Answers to Unions of Conjunctive Queries: Natural Tractability Criteria and Meta-Complexity

Jacob Focke, Leslie Ann Goldberg, Marc Roth +1

We study the problem of counting answers to unions of conjunctive queries (UCQs) under structural restrictions on the input query. Concretely, given a class C of UCQs, the problem…

cs.CC2019

Counting Induced Subgraphs: An Algebraic Approach to #W[1]-hardness

Julian Dörfler, Marc Roth, Johannes Schmitt +1

We study the problem #IndSub(P) of counting all induced subgraphs of size k in a graph G that satisfy the property P. This problem was introduced by Jerrum and Meeks and shown to b…

cs.CC2021

Parameterized (Modular) Counting and Cayley Graph Expanders

Norbert Peyerimhoff, Marc Roth, Johannes Schmitt +2

We study the problem of counting -edge subgraphs satisfying a given graph property in a large host graph . Building upon the breakthrough result…

cs.CC2021

Detecting and Counting Small Subgraphs, and Evaluating a Parameterized Tutte Polynomial: Lower Bounds via Toroidal Grids and Cayley Graph Expanders

Marc Roth, Johannes Schmitt, Philip Wellnitz

Given a graph property , we consider the problem , where the input is a pair of a graph and a positive integer , and the task is to decide whether…

cs.CC2021

Exact and Approximate Pattern Counting in Degenerate Graphs: New Algorithms, Hardness Results, and Complexity Dichotomies

Marco Bressan, Marc Roth

We study the problems of counting the homomorphisms, counting the copies, and counting the induced copies of a -vertex graph in a -degenerate -vertex graph . Our ma…

cs.CC2017

Counting Restricted Homomorphisms via Möbius Inversion over Matroid Lattices

Marc Roth

We present a framework for the complexity classification of parameterized counting problems that can be formulated as the summation over the numbers of homomorphisms from small pat…

cs.LG2026

Humanity's Last Exam

Long Phan, Alice Gatti, Ziwen Han +1144

Benchmarks are important tools for tracking the rapid advancements in large language model (LLM) capabilities. However, benchmarks are not keeping pace in difficulty: LLMs now achi…

cs.CC2021

Counting and Finding Homomorphisms is Universal for Parameterized Complexity Theory

Marc Roth, Philip Wellnitz

Counting homomorphisms from a graph into another graph is a fundamental problem of (parameterized) counting complexity theory. In this work, we study the case where \emph{b…

cs.CC2018

Counting Induced Subgraphs: A Topological Approach to #W[1]-hardness

Marc Roth, Johannes Schmitt

We investigate the problem of counting all induced subgraphs of size in a graph that satisfy a given property . This continues the work of Jerru…

astro-ph.IM2023

The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning

Jane Rigby, Marshall Perrin, Michael McElwain +623

This paper characterizes the actual science performance of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as determined from the six month commissioning period. We summarize the performanc…

cs.CC2020

Counting Small Induced Subgraphs Satisfying Monotone Properties

Marc Roth, Johannes Schmitt, Philip Wellnitz

Given a graph property , the problem asks, on input a graph and a positive integer , to compute the number of induced subgraphs of size in $G…

cs.CC2026

The Parametrised Complexity of Counting Small Sub-Hypergraphs

Marco Bressan, Julian Brinkmann, Holger Dell +2

Subgraph counting is a fundamental and well-studied problem whose computational complexity is well understood. Quite surprisingly, the hypergraph version of subgraph counting has b…

cs.CC2026

The Parameterised Complexity of Temporal Motif Counting, and a Lovász-Style Isomorphism Theorem

Jayakrishnan Madathil, Kitty Meeks, Marc Roth

We study the structural expressivity and the parameterised complexity of counting homomorphisms from small temporal patterns to large temporal graphs. Here, a temporal pattern

cs.DM2024

The Weisfeiler-Leman Dimension of Conjunctive Queries

Andreas Göbel, Leslie Ann Goldberg, Marc Roth

The Weisfeiler-Leman (WL) dimension of a graph parameter is the minimum such that, if and are indistinguishable by the -dimensional WL-algorithm then $f(G_1)…

cs.AI2026

COMPOSITE-Stem

Kyle Waters, Lucas Nuzzi, Tadhg Looram +20

AI agents hold growing promise for accelerating scientific discovery; yet, a lack of frontier evaluations hinders adoption into real workflows. Expert-written benchmarks have prove…

cs.CC2026

Symmetric Parameterised Holants on Hypergraphs: Towards a Classification for Parameterised VCSPs

Panagiotis Aivasiliotis, Andreas Göbel, Marc Roth

We study the complexity of the parameterised counting constraint satisfaction problem: given a set of constraints over a set of variables and a positive integer , how many ways…

cs.DS2023

Parameterised Approximation of the Fixation Probability of the Dominant Mutation in the Multi-Type Moran Process

Leslie Ann Goldberg, Marc Roth, Tassilo Constantin Schwarz

The multi-type Moran process is an evolutionary process on a connected graph in which each vertex has one of types and, in each step, a vertex is chosen to reproduce it…

cs.CC2022

Counting Small Induced Subgraphs with Hereditary Properties

Jacob Focke, Marc Roth

We study the computational complexity of the problem of counting -vertex induced subgraphs of a graph that satisfy a graph property . Our main resu…

cs.CL2026

IMProofBench: Benchmarking AI on Research-Level Mathematical Proof Generation

Johannes Schmitt, Gergely Bérczi, Jasper Dekoninck +57

As the mathematical capabilities of large language models (LLMs) improve, it becomes increasingly important to evaluate their performance on research-level tasks at the frontier of…

cs.CC2026

The Fine-Grained Complexity of Counting Hypergraph Motifs

Madhumitha Krishnakumar, Marc Roth

Introduced by Lee, Ko, and Shin (VLDB 2020), a hypergraph motif is a connected subhypergraph consisting of three hyperedges whose intersections satisfy a prescribed pattern. Such p…

cs.CC2023

Parameterised and Fine-grained Subgraph Counting, modulo

Leslie Ann Goldberg, Marc Roth

Given a class of graphs , the problem is defined as follows. The input is a graph together with an arbitrary graph…

cs.CC2021

Counting Homomorphisms to -minor-free Graphs, modulo 2

Jacob Focke, Leslie Ann Goldberg, Marc Roth +1

We study the problem of computing the parity of the number of homomorphisms from an input graph to a fixed graph . Faben and Jerrum [ToC'15] introduced an explicit criterion…

cs.CC2018

Counting edge-injective homomorphisms and matchings on restricted graph classes

Radu Curticapean, Holger Dell, Marc Roth

We consider the -hard problem of counting all matchings with exactly edges in a given input graph ; we prove that it remains -hard on graph…

cs.CC2024

Counting Subgraphs in Somewhere Dense Graphs

Marco Bressan, Leslie Ann Goldberg, Kitty Meeks +1

We study the problems of counting copies and induced copies of a small pattern graph in a large host graph . Recent work fully classified the complexity of those problems ac…