papers

Publications (148)

hep-ex2021

Constraints on the branching fraction

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +901

A search for the decay is performed using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of

hep-ex2020

Test of lepton universality with decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +904

The ratio of branching fractions of the decays and , , is measured for the first time using proton-p…

hep-ex2020

Search for decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +905

Searches are performed for both prompt-like and long-lived dark photons, , produced in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. These searches look for $A…

hep-ex2020

Search for the lepton flavour violating decay using decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +904

A search is presented for the lepton flavour violating decay using a sample of proton--proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13…

hep-ex2018

Observation of the decay

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +808

The first observation of the decay is reported, together with the most precise branching fraction measurement of the mode $B^0 \to \overline{D}^0…

hep-ex2018

Evidence for the decay

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +788

A search for the decay is presented using data sets corresponding to 1.0, 2.0 and 1.6 of integrated luminosity co…

hep-ex2017

Observation of meson decays to and final states

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +801

The first observation of the and decays is reported using a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by LHCb at a center-of-…

hep-ex2020

Measurement of -averaged observables in the decay

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +902

An angular analysis of the decay is presented using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb of…

hep-ex2020

Observation of a new baryon state in the mass spectrum

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +905

A new baryon state is observed in the mass spectrum with high significance using a data sample of collisions, collected with the LHCb detector at centre-of-ma…

hep-ex2018

Observation of a new resonance

R. Aaij, B. Adeva, M. Adinolfi +806

From samples of collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at , and TeV corresponding to integrated luminosities of 1.0, 2.0 and 1.5 fb, respe…

hep-ex2020

Observation of several sources of violation in decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +868

Observations are reported of different sources of violation from an amplitude analysis of decays, based on a data sample corresponding to an integrate…

hep-ex2018

Measurement of forward top pair production in the dilepton channel in collisions at TeV

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +791

Forward top quark pair production is studied in collisions in the final state using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.93 fb collected…

hep-ex2018

Observation of the decay in the mass region

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +828

The decay mode is observed and its branching fraction relative to the corresponding decay mode, in a $\pm 15 \textrm{MeV}/…

hep-ex2018

Search for the lepton-flavour violating decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +799

A search for the lepton-flavour violating decays and is performed based on a sample of proton-proton collision data…

hep-ex2018

Measurement of the baryon lifetime

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +834

We report a measurement of the lifetime of the baryon using proton-proton collision data at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8~TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosi…

hep-ex2020

Determination of quantum numbers for several excited charmed mesons observed in decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +907

A four-body amplitude analysis of the decay is performed, where fractions and relative phases of the various resonances contributing to the decay are mea…

hep-ex2018

Search for the rare decay

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +792

A search for the flavor-changing neutral-current decay is reported using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of collect…

hep-ex2018

Evidence for the rare decay

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +791

A search for the rare decay is performed using collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies and TeV, cor…

hep-ex2017

Measurement of the polarizations in collisions at =7 and 8TeV

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +801

The polarization of the , and mesons, produced in collisions at centre-of-mass energies =7 and 8TeV, is measured using data samples collect…

hep-ex2018

Search for dark photons produced in 13 TeV collisions

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +796

Searches are performed for both prompt-like and long-lived dark photons, , produced in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, using $A^{\prime}\…

hep-ex2017

Measurement of the production cross-section in pp collisions at 7 and 13 TeV

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +796

The production of mesons is studied in collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 13 TeV, using decays and data samples correspo…

hep-ex2020

Measurement of production in collisions at TeV

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +900

The production of baryons in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of TeV is measured in the transverse-momentum range $4<p_\mathr…

hep-ex2019

Observation of the decay

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +903

Using proton-proton collision data, collected with the LHCb detector and corresponding to 1.0, 2.0 and 1.9fb of integrated luminosity at the centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8,…

hep-ex2018

Measurement of the lifetime of the doubly charmed baryon

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +832

The first measurement of the lifetime of the doubly charmed baryon is presented, with the signal reconstructed in the final state . The data sa…

hep-ex2018

Search for decays to two charm mesons

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +791

A search for decays of mesons to two charm mesons is performed for the first time using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb, collected by the LH…

hep-ex2019

First observation of the radiative decay

LHCb Collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +848

The radiative decay is observed for the first time using a data sample of proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of

physics.atom-ph2022

Engineering the sub-Doppler force in molecular magneto-optical traps

S. Xu, P. Kaebert, M. Stepanova +3

Current dual-frequency magneto-optical traps for ultracold molecules are plagued by sub-Doppler heating effects, making them vastly inferior to standard atomic MOTs. Here we demons…

hep-ex2020

Search for violation in decays using model-independent techniques

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +950

A first search for violation in the Cabibbo-suppressed decay is performed using both a binned and an unbinned model-independent technique in the D…

hep-ex2019

Measurement of the electron reconstruction efficiency at LHCb

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +910

The single electron track-reconstruction efficiency is calibrated using a sample corresponding to of collision data recorded with the LHCb detector in 20…

hep-ex2018

Measurement of violation in decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +786

A measurement of the asymmetries and in decays is reported. The decays are reconstructed in a dataset collected with the LHCb ex…

hep-ex2019

Study of the decay with an amplitude analysis of decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +840

An amplitude analysis of decays is performed in the two-body invariant mass regions MeV/, accounting for the ,…

hep-ex2019

Observation of a narrow pentaquark state, , and of two-peak structure of the

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +866

A narrow pentaquark state, , decaying to is discovered with a statistical significance of in a data sample of decays which is a…

hep-ex2018

First measurement of the -violating phase in decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +793

A flavour-tagged decay-time-dependent amplitude analysis of decays is presented in the mass range from 750 to 1600 MeV. The ana…

hep-ex2018

Search for CP violation using triple product asymmetries in , and decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +791

A search for P and violation using triple-product asymmetries is performed with , and $Ξ^{0}_{b}\to pK^{-…

hep-ex2019

Measurement of the mass difference between neutral charm-meson eigenstates

LHCb Collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +842

We report a measurement of the mass difference between neutral charm-meson eigenstates using a novel approach that enhances sensitivity to this parameter. We use $…

hep-ex2019

Amplitude analysis of the decays and measurement of the branching fraction of the decay

LHCb Collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +844

The and decays are studied using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3…

hep-ex2020

Amplitude analysis of the decay

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +868

The results of an amplitude analysis of the charmless three-body decay , in which -violation effects are taken into account, are reported. The a…

hep-ex2019

Model-independent observation of exotic contributions to decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +841

An angular analysis of decays is performed, using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3~ collected with th…

hep-ex2019

First measurement of charm production in fixed-target configuration at the LHC

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +834

The first measurement of heavy-flavour production by the LHCb experiment in its fixed-target mode is presented. The production of and mesons is studied with beams of p…

hep-ex2020

Search for the rare decays and

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +902

A search for the decays and is performed using data collected with the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of $…

hep-ex2018

Measurement of branching fractions of charmless four-body and decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +794

A search for charmless four-body decays of and baryons with a proton and three charged mesons (either kaons or pions) in the final state is performed. The…

hep-ex2018

A search for weakly decaying b-flavored pentaquarks

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +790

Investigations of the existence of pentaquark states containing a single (anti)quark decaying weakly into four specific final states J/, J/, J/$ψK^-…

hep-ex2020

First observation of excited states

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +901

We report four narrow peaks in the mass spectrum obtained using collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV, corresponding to a total integrated lumin…

hep-ex2017

Amplitude analysis of the decay and first observation of the CP asymmetry in

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +794

The time-integrated Dalitz plot of the three-body hadronic charmless decay is studied using a collision da…

hep-ex2018

Test of Lepton Flavor Universality by the measurement of the branching fraction using three-prong decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +806

The ratio of branching fractions is measured using a data sample of proton-proton…

hep-ex2019

Physics case for an LHCb Upgrade II - Opportunities in flavour physics, and beyond, in the HL-LHC era

LHCb collaboration, I. Bediaga, M. Cruz Torres +828

The LHCb Upgrade II will fully exploit the flavour-physics opportunities of the HL-LHC, and study additional physics topics that take advantage of the forward acceptance of the LHC…

hep-ex2020

Measurement of CP violation in the decay and search for the decay

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +868

A measurement of the time-dependent CP-violating asymmetry in decays is presented. Using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integra…

hep-ex2018

Measurement of the inelastic cross-section at a centre-of-mass energy of 13\,TeV

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +782

The cross-section for inelastic proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13\,TeV is measured with the LHCb detector. The fiducial cross-section for inelastic interact…

hep-ex2018

Observation of two resonances in the systems and precise measurement of and properties

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +837

The first observation of two structures consistent with resonances in the final states and is reported using samples of collision data collected by…

hep-ex2018

Measurement of the time-integrated asymmetry in decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +809

A measurement of the time-integrated asymmetry in decays is reported. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of about fb colle…

hep-ex2019

A search for decays

LHCb Collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +848

A search for the baryon through the decay is performed with a data sample corresponding to an integrated lumino…

hep-ex2019

Measurements of asymmetries in charmless four-body and decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +841

A search for violation in charmless four-body decays of and baryons with a proton and three charged mesons in the final state is performed. To cancel out produ…

hep-ex2019

Search for violation through an amplitude analysis of decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +845

A search for violation in the Cabibbo-suppressed decay mode is performed using an amplitude analysis. The measurement uses a sample of

hep-ex2018

Measurement of production in proton-proton collisions at TeV

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +821

A measurement of production cross-section is presented using data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2 fb, from collisions at $\sqrt{s…

hep-ex2019

Observation of an excited state

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +848

Using collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of recorded by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of , and…

hep-ex2017

Study of correlations in high energy proton-proton collisions

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +802

Kinematic correlations for pairs of beauty hadrons, produced in high energy proton-proton collisions, are studied. The data sample used was collected with the LHCb experiment at ce…

hep-ex2019

Search for the doubly charmed baryon

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abelán Beteta +905

A search for the doubly charmed baryon is performed through its decay to the final state, using proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb…

hep-ex2019

Measurement of the branching fraction and asymmetry in decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +844

The branching fraction and direct asymmetry of the decay are measured using proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at ce…

hep-ex2018

Measurement of production asymmetry in collisions at and 8 TeV

R. Aaij, B. Adeva, M. Adinolfi +786

The inclusive production asymmetry is measured in collisions collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of and 8 TeV. Promptly produ…

hep-ex2019

Amplitude analysis of decays

LHCb Collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +843

The first untagged decay-time-integrated amplitude analysis of decays is performed using a sample corresponding to $3.0\,…

hep-ex2018

First observation of the doubly charmed baryon decay

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +834

The doubly charmed baryon decay is observed for the first time, with a statistical significance of , confirming a recent observa…

hep-ex2018

Measurement of antiproton production in collisions at GeV

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +839

The cross-section for prompt antiproton production in collisions of protons with an energy of TeV incident on helium nuclei at rest is measured with the LHCb experiment from…

hep-ex2020

Measurement of violation in decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +901

The decay-time-dependent asymmetry in decays is measured using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of fb recorded by the L…

hep-ex2018

Measurement of asymmetries in two-body -meson decays to charged pions and kaons

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +786

The time-dependent asymmetries in and decays are measured using a data sample of collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosi…

hep-ex2019

Measurement of charged hadron production in -tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at TeV

LHCb Collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +851

The production of charged hadrons within jets recoiling against a boson is measured in proton-proton collision data at TeV recorded by the LHCb experiment. The cha…

hep-ex2019

Measurement of -violating and mixing-induced observables in decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +859

A time-dependent analysis of the decay rate is performed to determine the -violating observables and , and the mixing-induced observable $…

hep-ex2020

Measurement of variation with proton-proton collision energy and -meson kinematics

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +903

The ratio of the and fragmentation fractions and is studied with and $B^+\to\mathrm…

hep-ex2019

Precision measurement of the , and baryon lifetimes

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +847

We report measurements of the lifetimes of the , and charm baryons using proton-proton collision data at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8\tev, correspon…

hep-ex2019

Measurement of observables in the process with two- and four-body decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +876

Measurements of observables in decays are presented, where represents a superposition of and states. The meson is reconstructed i…

hep-ex2019

Measurement of b-hadron fractions in 13 TeV pp collisions

LHCb Collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +843

The production fractions of and hadrons, normalized to the sum of and fractions, are measured in 13 TeV pp collisions using data…

physics.atom-ph2019

Towards a Transportable Aluminium Ion Quantum Logic Optical Clock

S. Hannig, L. Pelzer, N. Scharnhorst +7

With the advent of optical clocks featuring fractional frequency uncertainties on the order of and below, new applications such as chronometric levelling with few-cm hei…

hep-ex2019

Near-threshold spectroscopy and observation of a new charmonium state

LHCb Collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +846

Using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9, collected with the~LHCb detector between 2011 and 2018, a new narrow charmonium state,…

hep-ex2018

Evidence for an resonance in decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +842

A Dalitz plot analysis of decays is performed using data samples of collisions collected with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of $\sqrt…

hep-ex2020

Measurement of the angular distribution and the polarisation in collisions

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +912

This paper presents an analysis of the angular distribution and the transverse production polarisation of baryons in proton-proton collisions at…

hep-ex2019

Observation of decays and precision measurements of the masses

LHCb Collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +843

The first observation of the decays is reported, using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $5.2{\text{\,fb}…

hep-ex2018

A measurement of the asymmetry difference in and decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +791

The difference between the asymmetries in the decays and is presented. Proton-proton collision data…

hep-ex2020

Precision measurement of the meson mass

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +905

A precision measurement of the meson mass is performed using proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of and $1…

hep-ex2019

Search for violation in , and decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +848

A search for charge-parity () violation in Cabibbo-suppressed , and decays is reported using proton-proton collision dat…

hep-ex2018

Measurement of asymmetry in decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +790

We report the measurements of the -violating parameters in decays observed in collisions, using a data set corresponding to an integrated lum…

physics.space-ph2021

Spontaneous Magnetic Fluctuations and Collisionless Regulation of Turbulence in the Earth's Magnetotail

C. M. Espinoza, P. S. Moya, M. Stepanova +2

Among the fundamental and most challenging problems of laboratory, space, and astrophysical plasma physics is to understand the relaxation processes of nearly collisionless plasmas…

hep-ex2020

Measurement of the production cross-section in collisions at TeV

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +913

Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of , collected by the LHCb experiment, the production of the state in proton-proton collision…

hep-ex2018

Measurement of angular and CP asymmetries in and decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +832

The first measurements of the forward-backward asymmetry of the dimuon pair (), the triple-product asymmetry (), and the charge-parity-conjugation asymmetry ($A_{C…

physics.atom-ph2021

Characterizing the Zeeman slowing force for CaF molecules

P. Kaebert, M. Stepanova, T. Poll +4

In this paper we investigate the feasibility of Zeeman slowing calcium monofluoride (CaF) molecules originating from a cryogenic buffer gas cell. We measure the $A^2Î _{1/2} (v=0,…

hep-ex2018

First observation of forward production in collisions at TeV

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +804

The decay is reconstructed in collision data, corresponding to 2 fb of integrated luminosity, collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-…

hep-ex2018

Search for beautiful tetraquarks in the invariant-mass spectrum

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +836

The invariant-mass distribution is investigated for a possible exotic meson state composed of two quarks and two quarks, $X_{b\overline{b}b\over…

hep-ex2021

Study of the lineshape of the state

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +965

A study of the lineshape of the state is made using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of fb collected in collisions at centre…

hep-ex2019

Amplitude analysis of decays

LHCb Collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +842

The first amplitude analysis of the decay is reported based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb of collision…

hep-ex2020

Observation of new baryons decaying to

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +906

The mass spectrum is studied with a data sample of collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.6 fb colle…

hep-ex2018

Search for violation in and decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +834

A search for violation in and decays is presented using a sample of collisions collected with the LHCb detector and corresponding…

hep-ex2018

Updated determination of - mixing and CP violation parameters with decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +792

We report measurements of charm-mixing parameters based on the decay-time-dependent ratio of to rates. The analysis uses a data sample of proton-p…

hep-ex2020

Measurement of psi(2S) production cross-sections in proton-proton collisions at 7 and 13 TeV

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +842

The cross-sections of meson production in proton-proton collisions at are measured with a data sample collected by the LHCb detector correspondi…

hep-ex2019

Observation of the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decay

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +848

The doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decay with is observed for the first time, with a statistical significance of more than fifteen standard deviat…

hep-ex2018

Observation of the decay

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +787

The decay is observed using collision data collected with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, corr…

hep-ex2018

Measurement of production in collisions at = 13 TeV

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +782

The production cross-sections of , and mesons in proton-proton collisions at = 13 TeV are measured with a data sample corresponding to an integr…

hep-ex2019

Observation of violation in charm decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +848

A search for charge-parity () violation in and decays is reported, using collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity o…

hep-ex2018

Search for lepton-flavour-violating decays of Higgs-like bosons

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +835

A search is presented for a Higgs-like boson with mass in the range 45 to 195 GeV/ decaying into a muon and a tau lepton. The dataset consists of proton-proton interactions at…

hep-ex2018

Observation of the decay

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +834

The Cabibbo-suppressed decay is observed for the first time using a data sample collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions correspo…

hep-ex2017

Measurement of observables in and decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +803

Measurements of observables in and decays are presented, where indicates a neutral or

hep-ex2019

Measurement of the -violating phase from decays in 13 TeV collisions

LHCb Collaboration, R. Aaij, C. Abellán Beteta +844

Decays of and mesons into final states are studied in a data sample corresponding to 1.9 fb of integrated luminosity coll…

hep-ex2018

Measurement of the asymmetry in and decays

LHCb collaboration, R. Aaij, B. Adeva +787

The asymmetry in and decays is measured using LHCb data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb, collected in collisi…