papers

Publications (50)

astro-ph.SR2024

Origins of Very Low Helium Abundance Streams Detected in the Solar Wind Plasma

Yogesh, N. Gopalswamy, D. Chakrabarty +4

The abundance of helium () in the solar wind exhibits variations typically in the range from 2-5% with respect to solar cycle activity and solar wind velocity. However, the…

astro-ph.SR2015

Nonlinear MHD waves in a Prominence Foot

Leon Ofman, Kalman Knizhnik, Therese Kucera +1

We study nonlinear waves in a prominence foot using 2.5D MHD model motivated by recent high-resolution observations with Hinode/SOT in Ca~II emission of a prominence on October 10,…

astro-ph.SR2015

Evidence of thermal conduction suppression in a solar flaring loop by coronal seismology of slow-mode waves

Tongjiang Wang, Leon Ofman, Xudong Sun +2

Analysis of a longitudinal wave event observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) is presented. A time sequence of 131 A images…

astro-ph.SR2018

Effect of transport coefficients on excitation of flare-induced standing slow-mode waves in coronal loops

Tongjiang Wang, Leon Ofman, Xudong Sun +2

Standing slow-mode waves have been recently observed in flaring loops by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). By means of the coronal sei…

astro-ph.SR2021

Modeling ion beams, kinetic instabilities, and waves observed by the Parker Solar Probe near perihelia

Leon Ofman, Scott A Boardsen, Lan K Jian +2

Recent in-situ observations from the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission in the inner heliosphere near perihelia show evidence of ion beams, temperature anisotropies, and kinetic wave…

astro-ph.SR2017

Excitation of flare-induced waves in coronal loops and the effects of radiative cooling

Elena Provornikova, Leon Ofman, Tongjiang Wang

EUV imaging observations from several space missions (SOHO/EIT, TRACE, and SDO/AIA) have revealed a presence of propagating intensity disturbances in solar coronal loops. These dis…

astro-ph.SR2025

Modeling hot, anisotropic ion beams in the solar wind motivated by the Parker Solar Probe observations near perihelia

Leon Ofman, Yogesh, Scott A Boardsen +5

Recent observations of the solar wind ions by the SPAN-I instruments on board the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) spacecraft at solar perihelia (Encounters) 4 and closer find ample eviden…

astro-ph.SR2025

Identification of Ion-Kinetic Instabilities in Hybrid-PIC Simulations of Solar Wind Plasma with Machine Learning

Viacheslav M Sadykov, Leon Ofman, Scott A Boardsen +5

Analysis of ion-kinetic instabilities in solar wind plasmas is crucial for understanding energetics and dynamics throughout the heliosphere, as evident from spacecraft observations…

physics.space-ph2019

Nonlinear Evolution of Ion Kinetic Instabilities in the Solar Wind

Leon Ofman

In-situ observations of the solar wind (SW) plasma from 0.29 to 1AU show that the protons and alpha particles are often non-Maxwellian, with evidence of kinetic instabilities, temp…

astro-ph.SR2013

Measuring temperature - dependent propagating disturbances in coronal fan loops using multiple SDO/AIA channels and surfing transform technique

Vadim M. Uritsky, Joseph M. Davila, Nicholeen M. Viall +1

A set of co-aligned high resolution images from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) is used to investigate propagating disturbances…

astro-ph.SR2010

Winds from Luminous Late-Type Stars: II. Broadband Frequency Distribution of Alfvén Waves

Vladimir Airapetian, Kenneth G. Carpenter, Leon Ofman

We present the numerical simulations of winds from evolved giant stars using a fully non-linear, time dependent 2.5-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code. This study extends o…

astro-ph.SR2026

Solar Wind Heating Near the Sun: A Radial Evolution Approach

Yogesh, Leon Ofman, Kristopher Klein +19

Characterizing the plasma state in the near-Sun environment is essential to constrain the mechanisms that heat and accelerate the solar wind. In this study, we use Parker Solar Pro…

astro-ph.SR2023

Reconnection generated plasma flows in the quasi-separatrix layer in localised solar corona

Sripan Mondal, A. K. Srivastava, Sudheer K. Mishra +8

Multiwavelength observations of the propagating disturbances (PDs), discovered by Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), are analyzed to deter…

astro-ph.SR2014

Advances in Observing Various Coronal EUV Waves in the SDO Era and Their Seismological Applications (Invited Review)

Wei Liu, Leon Ofman

Global extreme ultraviolet (EUV) waves are spectacular traveling disturbances in the solar corona associated with energetic eruptions such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and flar…

astro-ph.SR2025

Evidence of Interaction between Ion-Scale Waves and Ion Velocity Distributions in the Solar Wind

Yogesh, Leon Ofman, Scott A Boardsen +9

Recent in situ observations from Parker Solar Probe (PSP) near perihelia reveal ion beams, temperature anisotropies, and kinetic wave activity. These features are likely linked to…

astro-ph.EP2021

Automated identification of transiting exoplanet candidates in NASA Transiting Exoplanets Survey Satellite (TESS) data with machine learning methods

Leon Ofman, Amir Averbuch, Adi Shliselberg +3

A novel artificial intelligence (AI) technique that uses machine learning (ML) methodologies combines several algorithms, which were developed by ThetaRay, Inc., is applied to NASA…

astro-ph.SR2011

SDO/AIA Observation of Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability in the Solar Corona

Leon Ofman, Barbara J. Thompson

We present observations of the formation, propagation and decay of vortex- shaped features in coronal images from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) associated with an eruption s…

astro-ph.SR2023

Observations and Modeling of Unstable Proton and Alpha Particle Velocity Distributions in Sub-Alfvenic Solar Wind at PSP Perihelia

Leon Ofman, Scott A Boardsen, Lan K Jian +7

Past observations show that solar wind (SW) acceleration occurs inside the sub-Alfvenic region, reaching the local Alfven speed at typical distances ~ 10 - 20 Rs (solar radii). Rec…

astro-ph.SR2012

Propagating Intensity Disturbances in Fan-like Coronal Loops: Flows or Waves?

Tongjiang Wang, Leon Ofman, Joseph M. Davila

Quasi-periodic intensity disturbances propagating upward along the coronal structure have been extensively studied using EUV imaging observations from SOHO/EIT and TRACE. They were…

astro-ph.SR2025

Observation of Large-Scale Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability Wave Driven by a Coronal Mass Ejection

Leon Ofman, Olga Khabarova, Ryun-Yong Kwon +3

The Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) can occur when there is a relative motion between two adjacent fluids. In the case of magnetized plasma, the shear velocity must exceed the l…

astro-ph.SR2015

Three dimensional MHD Modeling of Vertical Kink Oscillations in an Active Region Plasma Curtain

Leon Ofman, Marzia Parisi, Abhishek K. Srivastava

Observations on 2011 August 9 of an X6.9-class flare in active region (AR) 11263 by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on-board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), were follo…

astro-ph.SR2017

Slow-Mode Oscillations of Hot Loops Excited at Flaring Footpoints

Tongjiang Wang, Wei Liu, Leon Ofman +1

The analysis of a hot loop oscillation event using SOHO/SUMER, GOES/SXI, and RHESSI observations is presented. Damped Doppler shift oscillations were detected in the Fe XIX line by…

astro-ph.SR2016

Inference of Magnetic Field in the Coronal Streamer Invoking Kink Wave Motions generated by Multiple EUV Waves

A. K. Srivastava, Talwinder Singh, Leon Ofman +1

Using MHD seismology by observed kink waves, the magnetic field profile of a coronal streamer has been investigated. STEREO-B/EUVI temporal image data on 7 March 2012 shows an evol…

astro-ph.SR2025

Modeling the Excitation, Propagation and Damping of Quasi-Periodic Fast Magnetosonic Waves in Realistic Coronal Active Region Magnetic Field Structures

Leon Ofman, Tongjiang Wang, Xudon Sun +1

Quasi-periodic fast propagating magnetosonic waves (QFPs) were discovered in the solar corona in EUV since the launch of SDO spacecraft more than a decade ago. The QFP waves are as…

astro-ph.SR2021

Excitation and Damping of Slow Magnetosonic Waves in Flaring Hot Coronal Loops: Effects of Compressive Viscosity

Leon Ofman, Tongjiang Wang

Slow magnetosonic waves associated with flares were observed in coronal loops by SOHO/SUMER, SDO/AIA in various EUV bandpasses, and other instruments. The excitation and damping of…

astro-ph.SR2013

Three-dimensional MHD modeling of propagating disturbances in fan-like coronal loops

Tongjiang Wang, Leon Ofman, Joseph M. Davila

Quasi-periodic propagating intensity disturbances (PDs) have been observed in large coronal loops in EUV images over a decade, and are widely accepted to be slow magnetosonic waves…

astro-ph.SR2026

How the Oblique Drift Instability Alters Solar Wind Heating and Constrains the Distribution of Solar Wind Observations

Mihailo M. Martinovic, Kristopher G. Klein, Leon Ofman +6

Ion-driven plasma instability thresholds, derived from linear theory, constrain the distribution of solar observations in parameter space, defining boundaries of stable plasma para…

astro-ph.SR2026

Quasi-Periodic Fast-Mode Wave Trains Associated with the 2015-Jun-22 M6.5 Flare in AR~12371: Observations and 3D MHD Modeling

Tongjiang Wang, Wei Liu, Leon Ofman +2

Quasi-periodic fast-propagating (QFP) wave trains are a distinctive form of magnetohydrodynamic disturbance frequently observed in the solar corona. Yet their excitation mechanism…

astro-ph.SR2020

Coronal heating by MHD waves

Tom Van Doorsselaere, Abhishek K. Srivastava, Patrick Antolin +9

The heating of the solar chromosphere and corona to the observed high temperatures, imply the presence of ongoing heating that balances the strong radiative and thermal conduction…

astro-ph.SR2010

Modeling the slow solar wind during the solar minimum

Leon Ofman, Maxim Kramar

During the solar minimum STEREO observations show that the three-dimensional structure of the solar corona can be described well by a tilted bi-polar magnetic configuration. The sl…

astro-ph.SR2012

Observations and models of slow solar wind with Mg9+ ions in quiescent streamers

Leon Ofman, Lucia Abbo, Silvio Giordano

Quiescent streamers are characterized by a peculiar UV signature as pointed out by the results from the observations of the Ultraviolet and Coronograph Spectrometer (UVCS) on board…

astro-ph.SR2024

Understanding the variability of helium abundance in the solar corona using three-fluid modeling and UV observations

Leon Ofman, Yogesh, Silvio Giordano

The variability of helium abundance in the solar corona and the solar wind is an important signature of solar activity, solar cycle, solar wind sources, as well as coronal heating…

astro-ph.SR2017

Energy release in the solar atmosphere from a stream of infalling prominence debris

Andrew R. Inglis, Holly R. Gilbert, Leon Ofman

Recent high-resolution and high-cadence EUV imaging has revealed a new phenomenon, impacting prominence debris, where prominence material from failed or partial eruptions can impac…

astro-ph.SR2012

Growing transverse oscillations of a multistranded loop observed by SDO/AIA

Tongjiang Wang, Leon Ofman, Joseph M. Davila +1

The first evidence of transverse oscillations of a multistranded loop with growing amplitudes and internal coupling observed by the Atomspheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard the S…

astro-ph.SR2019

Determination of transport coefficients by coronal seismology of flare-induced slow-mode waves: Numerical parametric study of 1D loop model

Tongjiang Wang, Leon Ofman

Recent studies of a flaring loop oscillation event on 2013 December 28 observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) have revealed the…

astro-ph.SR2012

Slow magnetosonic waves and fast flows in active region loops

Leon Ofman, Tongjiang Wang, Joseph M. Davila

Recent EUV spectroscopic observations indicate that slow magnetosonic waves are present in active region (AR) loops. Some of the spectral data were also interpreted as evidence of…

astro-ph.SR2012

Quasi-periodic Fast-mode Wave Trains Within a Global EUV Wave and Sequential Transverse Oscillations Detected by SDO/AIA

Wei Liu, Leon Ofman, Nariaki V. Nitta +4

We present the first unambiguous detection of quasi-periodic wave trains within the broad pulse of a global EUV wave (so-called "EIT wave") occurring on the limb. These wave trains…

astro-ph.SR2015

Evidence of thermal conduction suppression in hot coronal loops: Supplementary results

Tongjiang Wang, Leon Ofman, Xudong Sun +2

Slow magnetoacoustic waves were first detected in hot (6 MK) flare loops by the SOHO/SUMER spectrometer as Doppler shift oscillations in Fe XIX and Fe XXI lines. Recently, such…

astro-ph.SR2015

Quasi-periodic Fast-mode Magnetosonic Wave Trains Within Coronal Waveguides Associated with Flares and CMEs

Wei Liu, Leon Ofman, Brittany Broder +2

Quasi-periodic, fast-mode, propagating wave trains (QFPs) are a new observational phenomenon recently discovered in the solar corona by the Solar Dynamics Observatory with extreme…

astro-ph.SR2018

A Truly Global Extreme Ultraviolet Wave from the SOL2017-09-10 X8.2+ Solar Flare-Coronal Mass Ejection

Wei Liu, Meng Jin, Cooper Downs +3

We report SDO/AIA observations of an extraordinary global extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wave triggered by the X8.2+ flare-CME eruption on 2017 September 10. This was one of the best EU…

astro-ph.SR2015

Spectroscopic Diagnosis of Propagating disturbances in coronal loops: Waves or flows?

Tongjiang Wang, Leon Ofman, Joseph M. Davila

The analysis of multiwavelength properties of propagating disturbances (PDs) using Hinode/EIS observations is presented. Quasi-periodic PDs were mostly interpreted as slow magnetoa…

physics.pop-ph2024

Eagle Pass, TX: The First American City on the Path of Totality: Organizing Eclipse Party on the Stadium

Maria D. Kazachenko, Jorge Perez-Gallego, Jennifer Miller +13

In this paper we share the experience of the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) National Solar Observatory (NSO) scientists, educators and public outreach officers organizing a…

astro-ph.SR2012

Persistent Doppler shift oscillations observed with HINODE/EIS in the solar corona: spectroscopic signatures of Alfvenic waves and recurring upflows

Hui Tian, Scott W. McIntosh, Tongjiang Wang +4

Using data obtained by the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) onboard Hinode, we have per- formed a survey of obvious and persistent (without significant damping) Doppler shift oscilla…

astro-ph.SR2021

Slow-Mode Magnetoacoustic Waves in Coronal Loops

Tongjiang Wang, Leon Ofman, Ding Yuan +3

Rapidly decaying long-period oscillations often occur in hot coronal loops of active regions associated with small (or micro-) flares. This kind of wave activity was first discover…

astro-ph.SR2024

Exploring Standing and Reflected Slow-mode Waves in Flaring Coronal Loops: A Parametric Study Using 2.5D MHD Modeling

Tongjiang Wang, Leon Ofman, Stephen J. Bradshaw

Recent observations of reflected propagating and standing slow-mode waves in hot flaring coronal loops have spurred our investigation into their underlying excitation and damping m…

astro-ph.SR2013

Stochastic coupling of solar photosphere and corona

Vadim M. Uritsky, Joseph M. Davila, Leon Ofman +1

The observed solar activity is believed to be driven by the dissipation of nonpotential magnetic energy injected into the corona by dynamic processes in the photosphere. The enormo…

astro-ph.SR2011

Direct Imaging by SDO AIA of Quasi-periodic Fast Propagating Waves of ~2000 km/s in the Low Solar Corona

Wei Liu, Alan M. Title, Junwei Zhao +5

Quasi-periodic, propagating fast mode magnetosonic waves in the corona were difficult to observe in the past due to relatively low instrument cadences. We report here evidence of s…

astro-ph.SR2018

Quasi-periodic Counter-propagating Fast Magnetosonic Wave Trains from Neighboring Flares: SDO/AIA Observations and 3D MHD Modeling

Leon Ofman, Wei Liu

Since their discovery by SDO/AIA in EUV, rapid (phase speeds of 1000 km/s), quasi-periodic, fast-mode propagating wave trains (QFPs) have been observed accompanying many solar flar…

astro-ph.SR2023

Nonlinear Fast Magnetosonic Waves in Solar Prominence Pillars

Leon Ofman, Therese A. Kucera, C. Richard DeVore

We investigate the properties of nonlinear fast magnetosonic (NFM) waves in a solar prominence, motivated by recent high-resolution and high-cadence Hinode/SOT observations of smal…

astro-ph.SR2020

Fast Magnetosonic Waves and Flows in a Solar Prominence Foot: Observations and Modeling

Leon Ofman, Therese A. Kucera

We study recent observations of propagating fluctuations in a prominence foot with Hinode Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) high-resolution observations in Ca~II and H alpha emission w…