papers

Publications (28)

cs.CL2025

Beyond Pattern Recognition: Probing Mental Representations of LMs

Moritz Miller, Kumar Shridhar

Language Models (LMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in solving complex reasoning tasks, particularly when prompted to generate intermediate explanations. However, it re…

cs.CL2023

The ART of LLM Refinement: Ask, Refine, and Trust

Kumar Shridhar, Koustuv Sinha, Andrew Cohen +6

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable generative abilities, but can they judge the quality of their own generations? A popular concept, referre…

cs.CL2021

HyperEmbed: Tradeoffs Between Resources and Performance in NLP Tasks with Hyperdimensional Computing enabled Embedding of n-gram Statistics

Pedro Alonso, Kumar Shridhar, Denis Kleyko +2

Recent advances in Deep Learning have led to a significant performance increase on several NLP tasks, however, the models become more and more computationally demanding. Therefore,…

cs.AI2024

SMART: Self-learning Meta-strategy Agent for Reasoning Tasks

Rongxing Liu, Kumar Shridhar, Manish Prajapat +2

Tasks requiring deductive reasoning, especially those involving multiple steps, often demand adaptive strategies such as intermediate generation of rationales or programs, as no si…

cs.AI2023

SCREWS: A Modular Framework for Reasoning with Revisions

Kumar Shridhar, Harsh Jhamtani, Hao Fang +3

Large language models (LLMs) can improve their accuracy on various tasks through iteratively refining and revising their output based on feedback. We observe that these revisions c…

cs.CL2021

One to rule them all: Towards Joint Indic Language Hate Speech Detection

Mehar Bhatia, Tenzin Singhay Bhotia, Akshat Agarwal +5

This paper is a contribution to the Hate Speech and Offensive Content Identification in Indo-European Languages (HASOC) 2021 shared task. Social media today is a hotbed of toxic an…

cs.AI2024

SIKeD: Self-guided Iterative Knowledge Distillation for mathematical reasoning

Shivam Adarsh, Kumar Shridhar, Caglar Gulcehre +2

Large Language Models (LLMs) can transfer their reasoning skills to smaller models by teaching them to generate the intermediate reasoning process required to solve multistep reaso…

cs.LG2023

Distilling Reasoning Capabilities into Smaller Language Models

Kumar Shridhar, Alessandro Stolfo, Mrinmaya Sachan

Step-by-step reasoning approaches like chain of thought (CoT) have proved to be very effective in inducing reasoning capabilities in large language models. However, the success of…

cs.CL2023

A Causal Framework to Quantify the Robustness of Mathematical Reasoning with Language Models

Alessandro Stolfo, Zhijing Jin, Kumar Shridhar +2

We have recently witnessed a number of impressive results on hard mathematical reasoning problems with language models. At the same time, the robustness of these models has also be…

cs.LG2020

ProbAct: A Probabilistic Activation Function for Deep Neural Networks

Kumar Shridhar, Joonho Lee, Hideaki Hayashi +6

Activation functions play an important role in training artificial neural networks. The majority of currently used activation functions are deterministic in nature, with their fixe…

cs.CL2023

Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models

Aarohi Srivastava, Abhinav Rastogi, Abhishek Rao +448

Language models demonstrate both quantitative improvement and new qualitative capabilities with increasing scale. Despite their potentially transformative impact, these new capabil…

cs.CL2024

Distilling LLMs' Decomposition Abilities into Compact Language Models

Denis Tarasov, Kumar Shridhar

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated proficiency in their reasoning abilities, yet their large size presents scalability challenges and limits any further customization.…

cs.LG2022

Learning to Drop Out: An Adversarial Approach to Training Sequence VAEs

Đorđe Miladinović, Kumar Shridhar, Kushal Jain +4

In principle, applying variational autoencoders (VAEs) to sequential data offers a method for controlled sequence generation, manipulation, and structured representation learning.…

cs.LG2019

A Comprehensive guide to Bayesian Convolutional Neural Network with Variational Inference

Kumar Shridhar, Felix Laumann, Marcus Liwicki

Artificial Neural Networks are connectionist systems that perform a given task by learning on examples without having prior knowledge about the task. This is done by finding an opt…

cs.CL2020

Indic-Transformers: An Analysis of Transformer Language Models for Indian Languages

Kushal Jain, Adwait Deshpande, Kumar Shridhar +2

Language models based on the Transformer architecture have achieved state-of-the-art performance on a wide range of NLP tasks such as text classification, question-answering, and t…

cs.CL2026

Calibrating Large Language Models with Sample Consistency

Qing Lyu, Kumar Shridhar, Chaitanya Malaviya +6

Accurately gauging the confidence level of Large Language Models' (LLMs) predictions is pivotal for their reliable application. However, LLMs are often uncalibrated inherently and…

cs.CL2022

Automatic Generation of Socratic Subquestions for Teaching Math Word Problems

Kumar Shridhar, Jakub Macina, Mennatallah El-Assady +3

Socratic questioning is an educational method that allows students to discover answers to complex problems by asking them a series of thoughtful questions. Generation of didactical…

cs.LG2026

Humanity's Last Exam

Long Phan, Alice Gatti, Ziwen Han +1144

Benchmarks are important tools for tracking the rapid advancements in large language model (LLM) capabilities. However, benchmarks are not keeping pace in difficulty: LLMs now achi…

cs.CL2019

Subword Semantic Hashing for Intent Classification on Small Datasets

Kumar Shridhar, Ayushman Dash, Amit Sahu +6

In this paper, we introduce the use of Semantic Hashing as embedding for the task of Intent Classification and achieve state-of-the-art performance on three frequently used benchma…

cs.LG2019

Uncertainty Estimations by Softplus normalization in Bayesian Convolutional Neural Networks with Variational Inference

Kumar Shridhar, Felix Laumann, Marcus Liwicki

We introduce a novel uncertainty estimation for classification tasks for Bayesian convolutional neural networks with variational inference. By normalizing the output of a Softplus…

cs.CL2025

Apertus: Democratizing Open and Compliant LLMs for Global Language Environments

Project Apertus, Alejandro Hernández-Cano, Alexander Hägele +100

We present Apertus, a fully open suite of large language models (LLMs) designed to address two systemic shortcomings in today's open model ecosystem: data compliance and multilingu…

cs.LG2021

Translational Equivariance in Kernelizable Attention

Max Horn, Kumar Shridhar, Elrich Groenewald +1

While Transformer architectures have show remarkable success, they are bound to the computation of all pairwise interactions of input element and thus suffer from limited scalabili…

cs.CL2024

First-Step Advantage: Importance of Starting Right in Multi-Step Math Reasoning

Kushal Jain, Moritz Miller, Niket Tandon +1

Language models can solve complex reasoning tasks better by learning to generate rationales for their predictions. Often these models know how to solve a task but their auto-regres…

cs.CL2022

Longtonotes: OntoNotes with Longer Coreference Chains

Kumar Shridhar, Nicholas Monath, Raghuveer Thirukovalluru +4

Ontonotes has served as the most important benchmark for coreference resolution. However, for ease of annotation, several long documents in Ontonotes were split into smaller parts.…

cs.SE2025

BigCodeArena: Unveiling More Reliable Human Preferences in Code Generation via Execution

Terry Yue Zhuo, Xiaolong Jin, Hange Liu +37

Crowdsourced model evaluation platforms, such as Chatbot Arena, enable real-time evaluation from human perspectives to assess the quality of model responses. In the coding domain,…

cs.LG2020

End to End Binarized Neural Networks for Text Classification

Harshil Jain, Akshat Agarwal, Kumar Shridhar +1

Deep neural networks have demonstrated their superior performance in almost every Natural Language Processing task, however, their increasing complexity raises concerns. In particu…

cs.CL2025

EMAFusion: A Self-Optimizing System for Seamless LLM Selection and Integration

Soham Shah, Kumar Shridhar, Surojit Chatterjee +1

While recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced performance across diverse natural language tasks, the high computational and financial costs asso…

cs.CL2025

UNDO: Understanding Distillation as Optimization

Kushal Jain, Piyushi Goyal, Kumar Shridhar

Knowledge distillation has emerged as an effective strategy for compressing large language models' (LLMs) knowledge into smaller, more efficient student models. However, standard o…