Publications (39)
Fluid Antenna Systems
Kai-Kit Wong, Arman Shojaeifard, Kin-Fai Tong +1
Over the past decades, multiple antenna technologies have appeared in many different forms, most notably as multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), to transform wireless communicati…
DOA Estimation for Low-Altitude Networks: HAD Architectures, Methods, and Challenges
Ye Tian, Tuo Wu, Jintao Wu +4
With the rapid expansion of low-altitude economy (LAE) services and the growing demand for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) in air-ground networks, reliable direction-of…
Toward Practical Fluid Antenna Systems: Co-Optimizing Hardware and Software for Port Selection and Beamforming
Sai Xu, Kai-Kit Wong, Yanan Du +4
This paper proposes a hardware-software co-design approach to efficiently optimize beamforming and port selection in fluid antenna systems (FASs). To begin with, a fluid-antenna (F…
A Pixel-based Reconfigurable Antenna Design for Fluid Antenna Systems
Jichen Zhang, Junhui Rao, Zhaoyang Ming +5
Fluid Antenna Systems (FASs) have recently been proposed for enhancing the performance of wireless communication. Previous antenna designs to meet the requirements of FAS have been…
Reimagining Wireless Connectivity: The FAS-RIS Synergy for 6G Smart Cities
Tuo Wu, Kai-Kit Wong, Jie Tang +6
Fluid antenna system (FAS) represents the concept of treating antenna as a reconfigurable physical-layer resource to broaden system design and network optimization and inspire next…
Fluid Antenna System-Assisted Self-Interference Cancellation for In-Band Full Duplex Communications
Hanjiang Hong, Kai-Kit Wong, Hao Xu +5
In-band full-duplex (IBFD) systems are expected to double the spectral efficiency compared to half-duplex systems, provided that loopback self-interference (SI) can be effectively…
Scalable Fluid Antenna Systems: A New Paradigm for Array Signal Processing
Tuo Wu, Ye Tian, Jie Tang +8
Most existing antenna array-based source localization methods rely on fixed-position arrays (FPAs) and strict assumptions about source field conditions (near-field or far-field), w…
Performance Limits of Fluid Antenna Systems
Kai-Kit Wong, Arman Shojaeifard, Kin-Fai Tong +1
Fluid antenna represents a concept where a mechanically flexible antenna can switch its location freely within a given space. Recently, it has been reported that even with a tiny s…
Physical Layer Security for FAS-Aided Short-Packet Systems: A Variable Block-Correlation Approach
Jianchao Zheng, Tuo Wu, Kai-Kit Wong +5
This paper presents a comprehensive physical layer security (PLS) framework for fluid antenna system (FAS)-aided short-packet communications under the variable block-correlation mo…
Fundamental Analysis of Scalable Fluid Antenna Systems: Identifiability Limits, Information Theory, and Joint Processing
Tuo Wu, Kai-Kit Wong, Jie Tang +8
Unlike fixed-position arrays with static observation entropy, the scalable fluid antenna system (S-FAS) can dynamically adjust its aperture to form different observation spaces wit…
Fluid Antennas: Reshaping Intrinsic Properties for Flexible Radiation Characteristics in Intelligent Wireless Networks
Wen-Jun Lu, Chun-Xing He, Yongxu Zhu +4
Fluid antennas present a relatively new idea for harnessing the fading and interference issues in multiple user wireless systems, such as 6G. Here, we systematically compare their…
Cache-Enabled Millimetre-Wave Fluid Antenna Systems: Modeling and Performance
Farshad Rostami Ghadi, Kai-Kit Wong, Kin-Fai Tong +1
This letter investigates the performance of content caching in a heterogeneous cellular network (HetNet) consisting of fluid antenna system (FAS)-equipped mobile users (MUs) and mi…
Enormous Fluid Antenna Systems (E-FAS) under Correlated Surface-Wave Leakage: Physical Layer Security
Farshad Rostami Ghadi, Kai-Kit Wong, Masoud Kaveh +3
Enormous fluid antenna systems (E-FAS) have recently emerged as a surface-wave (SW)-enabled architecture that can induce controllable large-scale channel gains through guided elect…
Fluid Antenna System Empowering 5G NR
Hanjiang Hong, Kai-Kit Wong, Haoyang Li +5
Fluid antenna system (FAS) is an emerging technology that uses the new form of shape- and position-reconfigurable antennas to empower the physical layer for wireless communications…
Fluid Antenna-Assisted Dirty Multiple Access Channels over Composite Fading
Farshad Rostami Ghadi, Kai-Kit Wong, F. Javier Lopez-Martinez +3
This letter investigates the application of the emerging fluid antenna (FA) technology in multiuser communication systems when side information (SI) is available at the transmitter…
Performance of Joint Channel and Physical Network Coding Based on Alamouti STBC
Yi Fang, Lin Wang, Kai-Kit Wong +1
This work considers the protograph-coded physical network coding (PNC) based on Alamouti space-time block coding (STBC) over Nakagami-fading two-way relay channels, in which both t…
Intelligent Sky Mirrors: SAC-Driven MF-RIS Optimization for Secure NOMA in Low-Altitude Economy
Sai Zhao, Fanjin Kong, Dong Tang +5
Low-altitude economy (LAE) has become a key driving force for smart cities and economic growth. To address spectral efficiency and communication security challenges in LAE, this pa…
Variable Block-Correlation Modeling and Optimization for Secrecy Analysis in Fluid Antenna Systems
Tuo Wu, Kwai-Man Luk, Jie Tang +9
Fluid antenna systems (FAS) are emerging as a transformative enabler for sixth-generation (6G) wireless communications, providing unprecedented spatial diversity through dynamic re…
Fluid Antenna Multiple Access
Kai-Kit Wong, Kin-Fai Tong
Fluid antenna is a novel technology that can make an antenna appear instantly at one of N preset locations in a predefined space. An important application is to adopt fluid antenna…
Be Water, My Antennas: Riding on Radio Wave Fluctuation in Nature for Spatial Multiplexing using Programmable Meta-Fluid Antenna
Baiyang Liu, Kin-Fai Tong, Kai-Kit Wong +2
Interference and scattering, often deemed undesirable, are inevitable in wireless communications, especially when the current mobile networks and upcoming sixth generation (6G) hav…
The Future is Fluid: Revolutionizing DOA Estimation with Sparse Fluid Antennas
He Xu, Tuo Wu, Ye Tian +8
This paper investigates a design framework for sparse fluid antenna systems (FAS) enabling high-performance direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, particularly in challenging milli…
An Information-Theoretic Characterization of MIMO-FAS: Optimization, Diversity-Multiplexing Tradeoff and -Outage Capacity
Wee Kiat New, Kai-Kit Wong, Hao Xu +2
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system has been the defining mobile communications technology in recent generations. With the ever-increasing demands looming towards the sixt…
Meta Fluid Antenna: Architecture Design, Performance Analysis, Experimental Examination
Baiyang Liu, Jiewei Huang, Tuo Wu +7
Fluid antenna systems (FAS) have recently emerged as a promising solution for sixth-generation (6G) ultra-dense connectivity. These systems utilize dynamic radiating and/or shaping…
A Contemporary Survey on Fluid Antenna Systems: Fundamentals and Networking Perspectives
Hanjiang Hong, Kai-Kit Wong, Hao Xu +8
The explosive growth of teletraffic, fueled by the convergence of cyber-physical systems and data-intensive applications, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), autonomous systems,…
Copula-based Performance Analysis for Fluid Antenna Systems under Arbitrary Fading Channels
Farshad Rostami Ghadi, Kai-Kit Wong, F. Javier Lopez-Martinez +1
In this letter, we study the performance of a single-user fluid antenna system (FAS) under arbitrary fading distributions, in which the fading channel coefficients over the ports a…
Performance Analysis of Protograph LDPC Codes for Nakagami- Fading Relay Channels
Yi Fang, Kai-Kit Wong, Lin Wang +1
In this paper, we investigate the error performance of the protograph (LDPC) codes over Nakagami- fading relay channels. We first calculate the decoding thresholds of the protog…
Fluid Antenna System: New Insights on Outage Probability and Diversity Gain
Wee Kiat New, Kai-Kit Wong, Hao Xu +2
To enable innovative applications and services, both industry and academia are exploring new technologies for sixth generation (6G) communications. One of the promising candidates…
A Tutorial on Fluid Antenna System for 6G Networks: Encompassing Communication Theory, Optimization Methods and Hardware Designs
Wee Kiat New, Kai-Kit Wong, Hao Xu +9
The advent of the sixth-generation (6G) networks presents another round of revolution for the mobile communication landscape, promising an immersive experience, robust reliability,…
Taming the Bessel Landscape: Joint Antenna Position Optimization for Spatial Decorrelation in Fluid MIMO Systems
Tuo Wu, Kai-Kit Wong, Baiyang Liu +2
When the concept of fluid antenna system (FAS) is applied to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, this gives rise to MIMO-FAS, a.k.a.~fluid MIMO. Under rich scattering, t…
Design and Implementation of mmWave Surface Wave Enabled Fluid Antennas and Experimental Results for Fluid Antenna Multiple Access
Yuanjun Shen, Boyi Tang, Shuai Gao +4
While multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies continue to advance, concerns arise as to how MIMO can remain scalable if more users are to be accommodated with an increas…
FAS-ARIS: Turning Multipath Challenges Into Localization Opportunities
Hua Chen, Tao Gong, Tuo Wu +5
Traditional single-input single-output (SISO) systems face fundamental limitations in achieving accurate three-dimensional (3D) localization due to limited spatial degrees of freed…
An Fluid Antenna Array-Enabled DOA Estimation Method: End-Fire Effect Suppression
Jiaji Ren, Ye Tian, Baiyang Liu +5
Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation serves as a critical sensing technology poised to play a vital role in future intelligent and ubiquitous communication systems. Despite the de…
Fluid Antenna Enabled Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Under Time-Constrained Mobility
He Xu, Tuo Wu, Ye Tian +8
Fluid antenna (FA) technology has emerged as a promising approach in wireless communications due to its capability of providing increased degrees of freedom (DoFs) and exceptional…
A Gaussian Copula Approach to the Performance Analysis of Fluid Antenna Systems
Farshad Rostami Ghadi, Kai-Kit Wong, F. Javier Lopez-Martinez +3
This paper investigates the performance of a single-user fluid antenna system (FAS), by exploiting a class of elliptical copulas to describe the dependence structure amongst the fl…
Enormous Fluid Antenna Systems (E-FAS)--Part II: Channel Estimation
Farshad Rostami Ghadi, Kai-Kit Wong, Masoud Kaveh +4
Enormous fluid antenna systems (E-FAS) have recently emerged as a new wireless architecture in which intelligent metasurfaces act as guided electromagnetic interfaces, enabling sur…
A Vision to Smart Radio Environment: Surface Wave Communication Superhighways
Kai-Kit Wong, Kin-Fai Tong, Zhiyuan Chu +1
Complementary to traditional approaches that focus on transceiver design for bringing the best out of unstable, lossy fading channels, one radical development in wireless communica…
How Many Independent Modes Does a Fluid Antenna Have? A Closed-Form Outage Analysis via Equivalent Degrees of Freedom
Tuo Wu, Junteng Yao, Kai-Kit Wong +5
In a fluid antenna system (FAS), a single reconfigurable antenna is able to activate one of correlated ports to exploit spatial diversity. However, outage analysis is challengi…
Port Selection for Fluid Antenna Systems
Zhi Chai, Kai-Kit Wong, Kin-Fai Tong +2
Fluid antenna system promises to obtain enormous diversity in the small space of a mobile device by switching the position of the radiating element to the most desirable position f…
Enormous Fluid Antenna Systems (E-FAS) for Wireless Sensing: Channel Modeling and Conditional Estimation Limits
Farshad Rostami Ghadi, Kai-Kit Wong, Jose D. Vega-Sanchez +2
In this paper, we develop a fundamental analytical framework for integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) enabled by the Enormous Fluid Antenna System (E-FAS), which transforms…