papers

Publications (16)

cs.AI2026

Analysis of Optimality of Large Language Models on Planning Problems

Bernd Bohnet, Michael C. Mozer, Kevin Swersky +4

Classic AI planning problems have been revisited in the Large Language Model (LLM) era, with a focus of recent benchmarks on success rates rather than plan efficiency. We examine t…

cs.CL2025

Gemma 3 Technical Report

Gemma Team, Aishwarya Kamath, Johan Ferret +209

We introduce Gemma 3, a multimodal addition to the Gemma family of lightweight open models, ranging in scale from 1 to 27 billion parameters. This version introduces vision underst…

cs.CL2026

Gemma 4 Technical Report

Gemma Team, Sherif El Abd, Vaibhav Aggarwal +320

We introduce Gemma 4, a new generation of open-weight, natively multimodal language models in the Gemma model family. Designed to advance compute efficiency and reasoning, the Gemm…

cs.LG2025

A Comparative Analysis of LLM Adaptation: SFT, LoRA, and ICL in Data-Scarce Scenarios

Bernd Bohnet, Rumen Dangovski, Kevin Swersky +4

The remarkable capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) often need to be tailored for specific applications, requiring the integration of new knowledge or the acquisition of ne…

cs.CL2024

Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technology

Gemma Team, Thomas Mesnard, Cassidy Hardin +105

This work introduces Gemma, a family of lightweight, state-of-the art open models built from the research and technology used to create Gemini models. Gemma models demonstrate stro…

cs.CL2020

Neural Generation Meets Real People: Towards Emotionally Engaging Mixed-Initiative Conversations

Ashwin Paranjape, Abigail See, Kathleen Kenealy +7

We present Chirpy Cardinal, an open-domain dialogue agent, as a research platform for the 2019 Alexa Prize competition. Building an open-domain socialbot that talks to real people…

cs.CL2024

Transfer Learning for Text Diffusion Models

Kehang Han, Kathleen Kenealy, Aditya Barua +2

In this report, we explore the potential for text diffusion to replace autoregressive (AR) decoding for the training and deployment of large language models (LLMs). We are particul…

cs.LG2024

Beyond Human Data: Scaling Self-Training for Problem-Solving with Language Models

Avi Singh, John D. Co-Reyes, Rishabh Agarwal +38

Fine-tuning language models~(LMs) on human-generated data remains a prevalent practice. However, the performance of such models is often limited by the quantity and diversity of hi…

cs.LG2022

Scaling Up Models and Data with and

Adam Roberts, Hyung Won Chung, Anselm Levskaya +40

Recent neural network-based language models have benefited greatly from scaling up the size of training datasets and the number of parameters in the models themselves. Scaling can…

cs.LG2024

RecurrentGemma: Moving Past Transformers for Efficient Open Language Models

Aleksandar Botev, Soham De, Samuel L Smith +59

We introduce RecurrentGemma, a family of open language models which uses Google's novel Griffin architecture. Griffin combines linear recurrences with local attention to achieve ex…

cs.CL2025

T5Gemma 2: Seeing, Reading, and Understanding Longer

Biao Zhang, Paul Suganthan, Gaël Liu +17

We introduce T5Gemma 2, the next generation of the T5Gemma family of lightweight open encoder-decoder models, featuring strong multilingual, multimodal and long-context capabilitie…

cs.CL2024

Training Language Models on the Knowledge Graph: Insights on Hallucinations and Their Detectability

Jiri Hron, Laura Culp, Gamaleldin Elsayed +28

While many capabilities of language models (LMs) improve with increased training budget, the influence of scale on hallucinations is not yet fully understood. Hallucinations come i…

cs.CL2024

Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size

Gemma Team, Morgane Riviere, Shreya Pathak +195

In this work, we introduce Gemma 2, a new addition to the Gemma family of lightweight, state-of-the-art open models, ranging in scale from 2 billion to 27 billion parameters. In th…

cs.CL2023

PaLM 2 Technical Report

Rohan Anil, Andrew M. Dai, Orhan Firat +125

We introduce PaLM 2, a new state-of-the-art language model that has better multilingual and reasoning capabilities and is more compute-efficient than its predecessor PaLM. PaLM 2 i…

cs.CL2023

Neural Generation Meets Real People: Building a Social, Informative Open-Domain Dialogue Agent

Ethan A. Chi, Ashwin Paranjape, Abigail See +18

We present Chirpy Cardinal, an open-domain social chatbot. Aiming to be both informative and conversational, our bot chats with users in an authentic, emotionally intelligent way.…

cs.CL2025

EmbeddingGemma: Powerful and Lightweight Text Representations

Henrique Schechter Vera, Sahil Dua, Biao Zhang +86

We introduce EmbeddingGemma, a new lightweight, open text embedding model based on the Gemma 3 language model family. Our innovative training recipe strategically captures knowledg…