wovepaper — the arXiv observatory

papers

Publications (38)

cs.LG2026

Curriculum Reinforcement Learning from Easy to Hard Tasks Improves LLM Reasoning

Shubham Parashar, Shurui Gui, Xiner Li +8

We aim to improve the reasoning capabilities of language models via reinforcement learning (RL). Recent RL post-trained models like DeepSeek-R1 have demonstrated reasoning abilitie…

cs.DC2019

ALZA: An Efficient Hybrid Decentralized Payment System

Nate Zou, Eric Li, Henry Zhang

The efficiency of decentralized book systems like Bitcoin and Ethereum has always been a challenge. It is usually measured by three major factors: scalability, throughput, and late…

quant-ph2024

Observation of Interface Piezoelectricity in Superconducting Devices on Silicon

Haoxin Zhou, Eric Li, Kadircan Godeneli +7

The evolution of superconducting quantum processors is driven by the need to reduce errors and scale for fault-tolerant computation. Reducing physical qubit error rates requires fu…

cs.IR2025

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook

Eason Chen, Chuangji Li, Eric Li +4

Large language models (LLMs) show promise as educational aids but often lack alignment with specific course materials. We investigate Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and Graph…

cs.RO2025

Flow-based Domain Randomization for Learning and Sequencing Robotic Skills

Aidan Curtis, Eric Li, Michael Noseworthy +5

Domain randomization in reinforcement learning is an established technique for increasing the robustness of control policies trained in simulation. By randomizing environment prope…

cs.CV2025

PanoLora: Bridging Perspective and Panoramic Video Generation with LoRA Adaptation

Zeyu Dong, Yuyang Yin, Yuqi Li +3

Generating high-quality 360Â° panoramic videos remains a significant challenge due to the fundamental differences between panoramic and traditional perspective-view projections. Wh…

math.CO2026

On the Duke--ErdÅs--RÃ¶dl Problem at the One-Third Threshold

Eric Li

Let $G$ be an $n$ -vertex graph with $e (G) \geq n^{2} / k$ . We prove a self-contained internal short-cycle core theorem at the threshold $k \leq n^{1/3}$ : the graph $G$ contains a subgraph…

cs.CE2019

Robust concurrent topology optimization of structure and its composite material considering uncertainty with imprecise probability

Y. Wu, Eric Li, Z. C. He +2

This paper studied a robust concurrent topology optimization (RCTO) approach to design the structure and its composite materials simultaneously. For the first time, the material un…

math.NT2026

Square-Annular Dynamics and Coalescence Frontiers for $n + I ¨ (n)$

Eric Li

Let $T (n) = n + I ¨ (n)$ , where $I ¨ $ is the divisor function. We study the Erdos-Graham coalescence problem by encoding finite-level obstructions in the divisor-successor graph and in sq…

cs.CV2025

PanoWorld-X: Generating Explorable Panoramic Worlds via Sphere-Aware Video Diffusion

Yuyang Yin, HaoXiang Guo, Fangfu Liu +7

Generating a complete and explorable 360-degree visual world enables a wide range of downstream applications. While prior works have advanced the field, they remain constrained by…

cs.CV2026

SceneTransporter: Optimal Transport-Guided Compositional Latent Diffusion for Single-Image Structured 3D Scene Generation

Ling Wang, Hao-Xiang Guo, Xinzhou Wang +9

We introduce SceneTransporter, an end-to-end framework for structured 3D scene generation from a single image. While existing methods generate part-level 3D objects, they often fai…

cs.CV2025

Matrix-Game: Interactive World Foundation Model

Yifan Zhang, Chunli Peng, Boyang Wang +8

We introduce Matrix-Game, an interactive world foundation model for controllable game world generation. Matrix-Game is trained using a two-stage pipeline that first performs large-…

cs.AI2025

Inference-Time Computations for LLM Reasoning and Planning: A Benchmark and Insights

Shubham Parashar, Blake Olson, Sambhav Khurana +4

We examine the reasoning and planning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in solving complex tasks. Recent advances in inference-time techniques demonstrate the potential…

cs.CY2020

AGenT Zero: Zero-shot Automatic Multiple-Choice Question Generation for Skill Assessments

Eric Li, Jingyi Su, Hao Sheng +1

Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) offer the most promising avenue for skill evaluation in the era of virtual education and job recruiting, where traditional performance-based altern…

math.NT2026

A resolution of ErdÅs Problem 1061 on the sum-of-divisors function

Eric Li

We resolve ErdÅs Problem 1061, the question whether the number \[ S(x)=\#\{(a,b)\in\mathbb{N}^2:a+b\le x, \ Ï(a)+Ï(b)=Ï(a+b)\} \] of ordered solutions has a linear asymptotic $…

math.NT2026

Rank Amplification for Shifted Equal Values of Euler's Totient Function

Eric Li

Let $S_{h}^{I ¨} (x)$ denote the number of integers $n \leq x$ for which $I ¨ (n) = I ¨ (n + h)$ . For the unit shift, we prove $S_{1}^{I ¨} (x) ≪ x exp - (1/2 - o (1)) lo g x, lo g_{2} x$ . More general…

math.CO2026

A Resolution of ErdÅs Problem 550 on Tree versus Complete Multipartite Ramsey Numbers

Eric Li

We resolve ErdÅs Problem 550, originally asked as question (2) of ErdÅs, Faudree, Rousseau, and Schelp. Precisely, for fixed integers $k \geq 2$ and $1\leq m_1\leq \cdots \leq m_k…

math.NT2026

An Average-Order Theorem for a Shifted Pairwise-Coprime Extremal Problem

Eric Li

For $n \geq 2$ , let $M (n)$ be the supremum of $\sum_{a \in A} 1/ (n - a)$ over pairwise coprime sets $A \subset [1, n)$ . ErdÅs asked whether $\mathcal{M}(n)\le \sum_{p<n}1/p+O(1)…

cs.CL2023

PaLM 2 Technical Report

Rohan Anil, Andrew M. Dai, Orhan Firat +125

We introduce PaLM 2, a new state-of-the-art language model that has better multilingual and reasoning capabilities and is more compute-efficient than its predecessor PaLM. PaLM 2 i…

stat.CO2025

Efficient Probabilistic Visualization of Local Divergence of 2D Vector Fields with Independent Gaussian Uncertainty

Timbwaoga A. J. Ouermi, Eric Li, Kenneth Moreland +3

This work focuses on visualizing uncertainty of local divergence of two-dimensional vector fields. Divergence is one of the fundamental attributes of fluid flows, as it can help do…

math.NT2026

A Resolution of ErdÅs Problem 731 under Dyadic Regularity

Eric Li

We resolve ErdÅs Problem 731 under the explicit dyadic-regularity formalization of "reasonable." Let $A (n)$ be the least positive integer not dividing $(n 2 n)$ . On dyadic i…

cs.CV2025

Skywork-R1V4: Toward Agentic Multimodal Intelligence through Interleaved Thinking with Images and DeepResearch

Yifan Zhang, Liang Hu, Haofeng Sun +12

Despite recent progress in multimodal agentic systems, existing approaches often treat image manipulation and web search as disjoint capabilities, rely heavily on costly reinforcem…

cs.CV2025

Skywork UniPic: Unified Autoregressive Modeling for Visual Understanding and Generation

Peiyu Wang, Yi Peng, Yimeng Gan +12

We introduce Skywork UniPic, a 1.5 billion-parameter autoregressive model that unifies image understanding, text-to-image generation, and image editing within a single architecture…

cs.SE2024

WebSuite: Systematically Evaluating Why Web Agents Fail

Eric Li, Jim Waldo

We describe WebSuite, the first diagnostic benchmark for generalist web agents, designed to systematically evaluate why agents fail. Advances in AI have led to the rise of numerous…

cs.CL2025

Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities

Gheorghe Comanici, Eric Bieber, Mike Schaekermann +3431

In this report, we introduce the Gemini 2.X model family: Gemini 2.5 Pro and Gemini 2.5 Flash, as well as our earlier Gemini 2.0 Flash and Flash-Lite models. Gemini 2.5 Pro is our…

cs.CV2026

GenMatter: Perceiving Physical Objects with Generative Matter Models

Eric Li, Arijit Dasgupta, Yoni Friedman +5

Human visual perception offers valuable insights for understanding computational principles of motion-based scene interpretation. Humans robustly detect and segment moving entities…

physics.optics2021

Exceeding the limits of algorithmic self-calibration in super-resolution imaging

Eric Li, Stuart Sherwin, Gautam Gunjala +1

Fourier ptychographic microscopy is a computational imaging technique that provides quantitative phase information and high resolution over a large field-of-view. Although the tech…

cs.RO2023

Bayes3D: fast learning and inference in structured generative models of 3D objects and scenes

Nishad Gothoskar, Matin Ghavami, Eric Li +8

Robots cannot yet match humans' ability to rapidly learn the shapes of novel 3D objects and recognize them robustly despite clutter and occlusion. We present Bayes3D, an uncertaint…

math.NT2026

A Resolution of ErdÅs Problem 768: the Sylow Divisor Condition

Eric Li

The paper solves Erdős Problem 768 by determining the exact leading constant in the asymptotic formula for the proportion of integers whose every prime divisor has a co‑divisor con…

#analytic number theory#erdos problems#divisor conditions#asymptotic analysis

math.CO2026

A Resolution of ErdÅs Problems 593 and 1177: Obligatory Triple Systems and Exact Spectra

Eric Li

We resolve ErdÅs Problems #593 and #1177. Problem #593 asks which finite triple systems occur in every uncountably chromatic triple system; the answer is exactly the class generat…

math.NT2026

ErdÅs Problem 684 at Density One: Small-prime Parts of Binomial Coefficients and Gaussian Fluctuations

Eric Li

For $0 \leq k \leq n$ , let $u (n, k)$ be the largest divisor of $(k n)$ whose prime factors are at most $k$ . ErdÅs Problem #684 concerns the special threshold $u (n, k) > n^{2}$ and ask…

cond-mat.supr-con2001

Optical Cooper Pair Breaking Spectroscopy of Cuprate Superconductors

Y. G. Zhao, Eric Li, Tom Wu +8

The photon energy dependence of optical Cooper pair breaking rate (CPBR) is studied for compressibly strained La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 (LSCO) films and YBa2Cu2.92Zn0.08O7-delta (YBCZO) thi…

cond-mat.supr-con2001

Sharp resonant multiplet in femto-second optical pair-breaking spectroscopy of YBa2Cu3O7-delta

Eric Li, J. J. Li, R. P. Sharma +5

Femto-second optical pair breaking spectroscopy is performed on optimally doped YBa2Cu3O7-delta near 1.5eV. Dramatic photon energy dependence with a sharp triplet fine structure is…

quant-ph2023

Non-Markovian dynamics of a superconducting qubit in a phononic bandgap

Mutasem Odeh, Kadircan Godeneli, Eric Li +5

The overhead to construct a logical qubit from physical qubits rapidly increases with the decoherence rate. Current superconducting qubits reduce dissipation due to two-level syste…

math.NT2026

Prime-Power Rarefaction and a Density-One Lower Bound for ErdÅs Problem 400

Eric Li

For fixed $k \geq 2$ , let $g_{k} (n)$ be the greatest excess $a_{1} + \dots + a_{k} - n$ among positive integers $a_{i}$ satisfying $a_{1}! \dots a_{k}! ∣ n!$ . We prove that, for every $\varepsilon>…

math.CO2026

The Godsil--McKay Asymptotic for Latin Rectangles in the Sublinear Range of ErdÅs Problem 725

Eric Li

ErdÅs Problem 725 asks for an asymptotic formula for the number $L_{k, n}$ of ordered, labelled $k \times n$ Latin rectangles. Godsil and McKay proved that $L_{k,n}\sim (n!)^k((n)_k…

cs.CV2025

Matrix-3D: Omnidirectional Explorable 3D World Generation

Zhongqi Yang, Wenhang Ge, Yuqi Li +12

Explorable 3D world generation from a single image or text prompt forms a cornerstone of spatial intelligence. Recent works utilize video model to achieve wide-scope and generaliza…

math.CO2026

The ErdÅs-Hajnal High-Girth Subgraph Conjecture Holds in the Polynomial Chromatic-Sparsity Regime

Eric Li

For a graph $G$ put $h_{r} (G) = max I ¨ (H) : H \subseteq G, girth (H) \geq r .$ ErdÅs and Hajnal asked whether $h_{r} (G) \to \infty$ as $I ¨ (G) \to \infty$ , for every fixed $r \geq 4$ .…

Publications (38)

Curriculum Reinforcement Learning from Easy to Hard Tasks Improves LLM Reasoning

ALZA: An Efficient Hybrid Decentralized Payment System

Observation of Interface Piezoelectricity in Superconducting Devices on Silicon

Comparing RAG and GraphRAG for Page-Level Retrieval Question Answering on a Math Textbook

Flow-based Domain Randomization for Learning and Sequencing Robotic Skills

PanoLora: Bridging Perspective and Panoramic Video Generation with LoRA Adaptation

On the Duke--ErdÅs--RÃ¶dl Problem at the One-Third Threshold

Robust concurrent topology optimization of structure and its composite material considering uncertainty with imprecise probability

Square-Annular Dynamics and Coalescence Frontiers for n+I¨(n)

PanoWorld-X: Generating Explorable Panoramic Worlds via Sphere-Aware Video Diffusion

SceneTransporter: Optimal Transport-Guided Compositional Latent Diffusion for Single-Image Structured 3D Scene Generation

Matrix-Game: Interactive World Foundation Model

Inference-Time Computations for LLM Reasoning and Planning: A Benchmark and Insights

AGenT Zero: Zero-shot Automatic Multiple-Choice Question Generation for Skill Assessments

A resolution of ErdÅs Problem 1061 on the sum-of-divisors function

Rank Amplification for Shifted Equal Values of Euler's Totient Function

A Resolution of ErdÅs Problem 550 on Tree versus Complete Multipartite Ramsey Numbers

An Average-Order Theorem for a Shifted Pairwise-Coprime Extremal Problem

PaLM 2 Technical Report

Efficient Probabilistic Visualization of Local Divergence of 2D Vector Fields with Independent Gaussian Uncertainty

A Resolution of ErdÅs Problem 731 under Dyadic Regularity

Skywork-R1V4: Toward Agentic Multimodal Intelligence through Interleaved Thinking with Images and DeepResearch

Skywork UniPic: Unified Autoregressive Modeling for Visual Understanding and Generation

WebSuite: Systematically Evaluating Why Web Agents Fail

Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities

GenMatter: Perceiving Physical Objects with Generative Matter Models

Exceeding the limits of algorithmic self-calibration in super-resolution imaging

Bayes3D: fast learning and inference in structured generative models of 3D objects and scenes

A Resolution of ErdÅs Problem 768: the Sylow Divisor Condition

A Resolution of ErdÅs Problems 593 and 1177: Obligatory Triple Systems and Exact Spectra

ErdÅs Problem 684 at Density One: Small-prime Parts of Binomial Coefficients and Gaussian Fluctuations

Optical Cooper Pair Breaking Spectroscopy of Cuprate Superconductors

Sharp resonant multiplet in femto-second optical pair-breaking spectroscopy of YBa2Cu3O7-delta

Non-Markovian dynamics of a superconducting qubit in a phononic bandgap

Prime-Power Rarefaction and a Density-One Lower Bound for ErdÅs Problem 400

The Godsil--McKay Asymptotic for Latin Rectangles in the Sublinear Range of ErdÅs Problem 725

Matrix-3D: Omnidirectional Explorable 3D World Generation

The ErdÅs-Hajnal High-Girth Subgraph Conjecture Holds in the Polynomial Chromatic-Sparsity Regime

On the Duke--ErdÅs--RÃ¶dl Problem at the One-Third Threshold

Square-Annular Dynamics and Coalescence Frontiers for $n + I ¨ (n)$

A resolution of ErdÅs Problem 1061 on the sum-of-divisors function

A Resolution of ErdÅs Problem 550 on Tree versus Complete Multipartite Ramsey Numbers

A Resolution of ErdÅs Problem 731 under Dyadic Regularity

A Resolution of ErdÅs Problem 768: the Sylow Divisor Condition

A Resolution of ErdÅs Problems 593 and 1177: Obligatory Triple Systems and Exact Spectra

ErdÅs Problem 684 at Density One: Small-prime Parts of Binomial Coefficients and Gaussian Fluctuations

Prime-Power Rarefaction and a Density-One Lower Bound for ErdÅs Problem 400

The Godsil--McKay Asymptotic for Latin Rectangles in the Sublinear Range of ErdÅs Problem 725

The ErdÅs-Hajnal High-Girth Subgraph Conjecture Holds in the Polynomial Chromatic-Sparsity Regime