papers

Publications (56)

cs.LG2019

Processing-In-Memory Acceleration of Convolutional Neural Networks for Energy-Efficiency, and Power-Intermittency Resilience

Arman Roohi, Shaahin Angizi, Deliang Fan +1

Herein, a bit-wise Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in-memory accelerator is implemented using Spin-Orbit Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory (SOT-MRAM) computational sub-arrays…

cs.CV2019

Defending Against Adversarial Attacks Using Random Forests

Yifan Ding, Liqiang Wang, Huan Zhang +3

As deep neural networks (DNNs) have become increasingly important and popular, the robustness of DNNs is the key to the safety of both the Internet and the physical world. Unfortun…

cs.LG2018

Simultaneously Optimizing Weight and Quantizer of Ternary Neural Network using Truncated Gaussian Approximation

Zhezhi He, Deliang Fan

In the past years, Deep convolution neural network has achieved great success in many artificial intelligence applications. However, its enormous model size and massive computation…

cs.CV2026

AdpSplit: Error-Driven Adaptive Splitting for Faster Geometry Discovery in 3D Gaussian Splatting

Yongjae Lee, Jingxing Li, Abhay Kumar Yadav +2

Adaptive density control in 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) repeatedly grows the Gaussian population through fixed-cardinality random splitting to discover useful scene structure. How…

cs.CV2021

:Dynamic Additive Attention Adaption for Memory-EfficientOn-Device Multi-Domain Learning

Li Yang, Adnan Siraj Rakin, Deliang Fan

Nowadays, one practical limitation of deep neural network (DNN) is its high degree of specialization to a single task or domain (e.g., one visual domain). It motivates researchers…

cs.CR2020

TBT: Targeted Neural Network Attack with Bit Trojan

Adnan Siraj Rakin, Zhezhi He, Deliang Fan

Security of modern Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is under severe scrutiny as the deployment of these models become widespread in many intelligence-based applications. Most recently,…

cs.ET2017

Current Induced Dynamics of Multiple Skyrmions with Domain Wall Pair and Skyrmion-based Majority Gate Design

Zhezhi He, Shaahin Angizi, Deliang Fan

As an intriguing ultra-small particle-like magnetic texture, skyrmion has attracted lots of research interests in next-generation ultra-dense and low power magnetic memory/logic de…

cs.CR2021

NeurObfuscator: A Full-stack Obfuscation Tool to Mitigate Neural Architecture Stealing

Jingtao Li, Zhezhi He, Adnan Siraj Rakin +2

Neural network stealing attacks have posed grave threats to neural network model deployment. Such attacks can be launched by extracting neural architecture information, such as lay…

cs.LG2022

TRGP: Trust Region Gradient Projection for Continual Learning

Sen Lin, Li Yang, Deliang Fan +1

Catastrophic forgetting is one of the major challenges in continual learning. To address this issue, some existing methods put restrictive constraints on the optimization space of…

cs.CV2018

A Semi-Supervised Two-Stage Approach to Learning from Noisy Labels

Yifan Ding, Liqiang Wang, Deliang Fan +1

The recent success of deep neural networks is powered in part by large-scale well-labeled training data. However, it is a daunting task to laboriously annotate an ImageNet-like dat…

cs.LG2018

Parametric Noise Injection: Trainable Randomness to Improve Deep Neural Network Robustness against Adversarial Attack

Adnan Siraj Rakin, Zhezhi He, Deliang Fan

Recent development in the field of Deep Learning have exposed the underlying vulnerability of Deep Neural Network (DNN) against adversarial examples. In image classification, an ad…

cs.LG2025

Hamming Attention Distillation: Binarizing Keys and Queries for Efficient Long-Context Transformers

Mark Horton, Tergel Molom-Ochir, Peter Liu +8

Pre-trained transformer models with extended context windows are notoriously expensive to run at scale, often limiting real-world deployment due to their high computational and mem…

cs.ET2014

Design and Synthesis of Ultra Low Energy Spin-Memristor Threshold Logic

Deliang Fan, Mrigank Sharad, Kaushik Roy

A threshold logic gate (TLG) performs weighted sum of multiple inputs and compares the sum with a threshold. We propose Spin-Memeristor Threshold Logic (SMTL) gates, which employ m…

cs.CV2023

Efficient Self-supervised Continual Learning with Progressive Task-correlated Layer Freezing

Li Yang, Sen Lin, Fan Zhang +2

Inspired by the success of Self-supervised learning (SSL) in learning visual representations from unlabeled data, a few recent works have studied SSL in the context of continual le…

cs.LG2021

T-BFA: Targeted Bit-Flip Adversarial Weight Attack

Adnan Siraj Rakin, Zhezhi He, Jingtao Li +3

Traditional Deep Neural Network (DNN) security is mostly related to the well-known adversarial input example attack. Recently, another dimension of adversarial attack, namely, atta…

cs.CV2020

KSM: Fast Multiple Task Adaption via Kernel-wise Soft Mask Learning

Li Yang, Zhezhi He, Junshan Zhang +1

Deep Neural Networks (DNN) could forget the knowledge about earlier tasks when learning new tasks, and this is known as \textit{catastrophic forgetting}. While recent continual lea…

cond-mat.dis-nn2013

Energy-Efficient and Robust Associative Computing with Electrically Coupled Dual Pillar Spin-Torque Oscillators

Mrigank Sharad, Deliang Fan, Karthik Yogendra +1

Dynamics of coupled spin-torque oscillators can be exploited for non-Boolean information processing. However, the feasibility of coupling large number of STOs with energy-efficienc…

cs.LG2021

RA-BNN: Constructing Robust & Accurate Binary Neural Network to Simultaneously Defend Adversarial Bit-Flip Attack and Improve Accuracy

Adnan Siraj Rakin, Li Yang, Jingtao Li +5

Recently developed adversarial weight attack, a.k.a. bit-flip attack (BFA), has shown enormous success in compromising Deep Neural Network (DNN) performance with an extremely small…

cs.CR2020

DeepHammer: Depleting the Intelligence of Deep Neural Networks through Targeted Chain of Bit Flips

Fan Yao, Adnan Siraj Rakin, Deliang Fan

Security of machine learning is increasingly becoming a major concern due to the ubiquitous deployment of deep learning in many security-sensitive domains. Many prior studies have…

cs.LG2023

Model Extraction Attacks on Split Federated Learning

Jingtao Li, Adnan Siraj Rakin, Xing Chen +4

Federated Learning (FL) is a popular collaborative learning scheme involving multiple clients and a server. FL focuses on protecting clients' data but turns out to be highly vulner…

cs.ET2019

Representable Matrices: Enabling High Accuracy Analog Computation for Inference of DNNs using Memristors

Baogang Zhang, Necati Uysal, Deliang Fan +1

Analog computing based on memristor technology is a promising solution to accelerating the inference phase of deep neural networks (DNNs). A fundamental problem is to map an arbitr…

cs.LG2021

Gradient-based Novelty Detection Boosted by Self-supervised Binary Classification

Jingbo Sun, Li Yang, Jiaxin Zhang +4

Novelty detection aims to automatically identify out-of-distribution (OOD) data, without any prior knowledge of them. It is a critical step in data monitoring, behavior analysis an…

cs.CR2026

TFL: Targeted Bit-Flip Attack on Large Language Model

Jingkai Guo, Chaitali Chakrabarti, Deliang Fan

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in safety and security critical applications, raising concerns about their robustness to model parameter fault injection atta…

cs.CV2026

GeLoc3r: Enhancing Relative Camera Pose Regression with Geometric Consistency Regularization

Jingxing Li, Yongjae Lee, Deliang Fan

Prior ReLoc3R achieves breakthrough performance with fast 25ms inference and state-of-the-art regression accuracy, yet our analysis reveals subtle geometric inconsistencies in its…

cs.CV2018

Optimize Deep Convolutional Neural Network with Ternarized Weights and High Accuracy

Zhezhi He, Boqing Gong, Deliang Fan

Deep convolution neural network has achieved great success in many artificial intelligence applications. However, its enormous model size and massive computation cost have become t…

cond-mat.mtrl-sci2013

Ultra Low Power Associative Computing with Spin Neurons and Resistive Crossbar Memory

Mrigank Sharad, Deliang Fan, Kaushik Roy

Emerging resistive-crossbar memory (RCM) technology can be promising for computationally-expensive analog pattern-matching tasks. However, the use of CMOS analog-circuits with RCM…

cs.LG2021

GROWN: GRow Only When Necessary for Continual Learning

Li Yang, Sen Lin, Junshan Zhang +1

Catastrophic forgetting is a notorious issue in deep learning, referring to the fact that Deep Neural Networks (DNN) could forget the knowledge about earlier tasks when learning ne…

cond-mat.dis-nn2013

Exploring Boolean and Non-Boolean Computing Applications of Spin Torque Devices

Kaushik Roy, Mrigank Sharad, Deliang Fan +1

In this paper we discuss the potential of emerging spintorque devices for computing applications. Recent proposals for spinbased computing schemes may be differentiated as all-spin…

cs.LG2019

Defend Deep Neural Networks Against Adversarial Examples via Fixed and Dynamic Quantized Activation Functions

Adnan Siraj Rakin, Jinfeng Yi, Boqing Gong +1

Recent studies have shown that deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. To this end, many defense approaches that attempt to improve the robustness of DNN…

cs.LG2018

Blind Pre-Processing: A Robust Defense Method Against Adversarial Examples

Adnan Siraj Rakin, Zhezhi He, Boqing Gong +1

Deep learning algorithms and networks are vulnerable to perturbed inputs which is known as the adversarial attack. Many defense methodologies have been investigated to defend again…

cs.CR2021

Deep-Dup: An Adversarial Weight Duplication Attack Framework to Crush Deep Neural Network in Multi-Tenant FPGA

Adnan Siraj Rakin, Yukui Luo, Xiaolin Xu +1

The wide deployment of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) in high-performance cloud computing platforms brought to light multi-tenant cloud field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) as a popul…

cs.LG2020

MetaGater: Fast Learning of Conditional Channel Gated Networks via Federated Meta-Learning

Sen Lin, Li Yang, Zhezhi He +2

While deep learning has achieved phenomenal successes in many AI applications, its enormous model size and intensive computation requirements pose a formidable challenge to the dep…

cs.ET2014

Hierarchical Temporal Memory Based on Spin-Neurons and Resistive Memory for Energy-Efficient Brain-Inspired Computing

Deliang Fan, Mrigank Sharad, Abhronil Sengupta +1

Hierarchical temporal memory (HTM) tries to mimic the computing in cerebral-neocortex. It identifies spatial and temporal patterns in the input for making inferences. This may requ…

cs.ET2013

Ultra-low Energy, High Performance and Programmable Magnetic Threshold Logic

Mrigank Sharad, Deliang Fan, Kaushik Roy

We propose magnetic threshold-logic (MTL) design based on non-volatile spin-torque switches. A threshold logic gate (TLG) performs summation of multiple inputs multiplied by a fixe…

cs.AR2020

PANDA: Processing-in-MRAM Accelerated De Bruijn Graph based DNA Assembly

Shaahin Angizi, Naima Ahmed Fahmi, Wei Zhang +1

Spurred by widening gap between data processing speed and data communication speed in Von-Neumann computing architectures, some bioinformatic applications have harnessed the comput…

cs.CV2020

A Progressive Sub-Network Searching Framework for Dynamic Inference

Li Yang, Zhezhi He, Yu Cao +1

Many techniques have been developed, such as model compression, to make Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) inference more efficiently. Nevertheless, DNNs still lack excellent run-time dyn…

cs.ET2014

STT-SNN: A Spin-Transfer-Torque Based Soft-Limiting Non-Linear Neuron for Low-Power Artificial Neural Networks

Deliang Fan, Yong Shim, Anand Raghunathan +1

Recent years have witnessed growing interest in the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for vision, classification, and inference problems. An artificial neuron sums N weighte…

cs.LG2026

Dominant-Layer ZO: A Single Layer Dominates Zeroth-Order Fine-Tuning of LLMs

Wanhao Yu, Ziyan Wang, Zheng Wang +7

Zeroth-order (ZO) optimization enables memory-efficient fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs) using only forward passes, but it remains unclear how useful adaptation is distr…

cs.LG2022

ResSFL: A Resistance Transfer Framework for Defending Model Inversion Attack in Split Federated Learning

Jingtao Li, Adnan Siraj Rakin, Xing Chen +3

This work aims to tackle Model Inversion (MI) attack on Split Federated Learning (SFL). SFL is a recent distributed training scheme where multiple clients send intermediate activat…

cs.CV2024

LP-3DGS: Learning to Prune 3D Gaussian Splatting

Zhaoliang Zhang, Tianchen Song, Yongjae Lee +4

Recently, 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has become one of the mainstream methodologies for novel view synthesis (NVS) due to its high quality and fast rendering speed. However, as a…

cs.LG2020

Non-Structured DNN Weight Pruning -- Is It Beneficial in Any Platform?

Xiaolong Ma, Sheng Lin, Shaokai Ye +10

Large deep neural network (DNN) models pose the key challenge to energy efficiency due to the significantly higher energy consumption of off-chip DRAM accesses than arithmetic or S…

cs.CR2021

DeepSteal: Advanced Model Extractions Leveraging Efficient Weight Stealing in Memories

Adnan Siraj Rakin, Md Hafizul Islam Chowdhuryy, Fan Yao +1

Recent advancements of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have seen widespread deployment in multiple security-sensitive domains. The need of resource-intensive training and use of valuab…

cs.CV2023

MF-NeRF: Memory Efficient NeRF with Mixed-Feature Hash Table

Yongjae Lee, Li Yang, Deliang Fan

Neural radiance field (NeRF) has shown remarkable performance in generating photo-realistic novel views. Among recent NeRF related research, the approaches that involve the utiliza…

cs.CV2026

SkipGS: Post-Densification Backward Skipping for Efficient 3DGS Training

Jingxing Li, Yongjae Lee, Deliang Fan

3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) achieves real-time novel-view synthesis by optimizing millions of anisotropic Gaussians, yet its training remains expensive, with the backward pass dom…

cs.CV2019

Robust Sparse Regularization: Simultaneously Optimizing Neural Network Robustness and Compactness

Adnan Siraj Rakin, Zhezhi He, Li Yang +3

Deep Neural Network (DNN) trained by the gradient descent method is known to be vulnerable to maliciously perturbed adversarial input, aka. adversarial attack. As one of the counte…

cs.AR2019

Accelerating Bulk Bit-Wise X(N)OR Operation in Processing-in-DRAM Platform

Shaahin Angizi, Deliang Fan

With Von-Neumann computing architectures struggling to address computationally- and memory-intensive big data analytic task today, Processing-in-Memory (PIM) platforms are gaining…

cs.CV2019

Bit-Flip Attack: Crushing Neural Network with Progressive Bit Search

Adnan Siraj Rakin, Zhezhi He, Deliang Fan

Several important security issues of Deep Neural Network (DNN) have been raised recently associated with different applications and components. The most widely investigated securit…

cs.LG2022

Beyond Not-Forgetting: Continual Learning with Backward Knowledge Transfer

Sen Lin, Li Yang, Deliang Fan +1

By learning a sequence of tasks continually, an agent in continual learning (CL) can improve the learning performance of both a new task and `old' tasks by leveraging the forward k…

cs.ET2013

Ultra-low Energy, High-Performance Dynamic Resistive Threshold Logic

Mrigank Sharad, Deliang Fan, Kaushik Roy

We propose dynamic resistive threshold-logic (DRTL) design based on non-volatile resistive memory. A threshold logic gate (TLG) performs summation of multiple inputs multiplied by…

cs.CV2024

SafeguardGS: 3D Gaussian Primitive Pruning While Avoiding Catastrophic Scene Destruction

Yongjae Lee, Zhaoliang Zhang, Deliang Fan

3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has made significant strides in novel view synthesis. However, its suboptimal densification process results in the excessively large number of Gaussian…

cs.AR2025

CAMformer: Associative Memory is All You Need

Tergel Molom-Ochir, Benjamin F. Morris, Mark Horton +8

Transformers face scalability challenges due to the quadratic cost of attention, which involves dense similarity computations between queries and keys. We propose CAMformer, a nove…

cs.CR2025

SBFA: Single Sneaky Bit Flip Attack to Break Large Language Models

Jingkai Guo, Chaitali Chakrabarti, Deliang Fan

Model integrity of Large language models (LLMs) has become a pressing security concern with their massive online deployment. Prior Bit-Flip Attacks (BFAs) -- a class of popular AI…

cs.ET2020

MERAM: Non-Volatile Cache Memory Based on Magneto-Electric FETs

Shaahin Angizi, Navid Khoshavi, Andrew Marshall +2

Magneto-Electric FET (MEFET) is a recently developed post-CMOS FET, which offers intriguing characteristics for high speed and low-power design in both logic and memory application…

cs.CV2025

Speedy MASt3R

Jingxing Li, Yongjae Lee, Abhay Kumar Yadav +3

Image matching is a key component of modern 3D vision algorithms, essential for accurate scene reconstruction and localization. MASt3R redefines image matching as a 3D task by leve…

cs.CR2021

RADAR: Run-time Adversarial Weight Attack Detection and Accuracy Recovery

Jingtao Li, Adnan Siraj Rakin, Zhezhi He +2

Adversarial attacks on Neural Network weights, such as the progressive bit-flip attack (PBFA), can cause a catastrophic degradation in accuracy by flipping a very small number of b…

cs.NE2017

Developing All-Skyrmion Spiking Neural Network

Zhezhi He, Deliang Fan

In this work, we have proposed a revolutionary neuromorphic computing methodology to implement All-Skyrmion Spiking Neural Network (AS-SNN). Such proposed methodology is based on o…