Publications (39)
OpenAI o1 System Card
OpenAI, :, Aaron Jaech +261
The o1 model series is trained with large-scale reinforcement learning to reason using chain of thought. These advanced reasoning capabilities provide new avenues for improving the…
Learning with User-Level Privacy
Daniel Levy, Ziteng Sun, Kareem Amin +4
We propose and analyze algorithms to solve a range of learning tasks under user-level differential privacy constraints. Rather than guaranteeing only the privacy of individual samp…
Interpolation and Prewar-Postwar Output Volatility and Shock-Persistence Debate: A Closer Look and New Results
Hashem Dezhbakhsh, Daniel Levy
It is well established that the US prewar output was more volatile and less shock persistent than the postwar output. This is often attributed to the data interpolation employed to…
Zero-Ending Prices, Cognitive Convenience, and Price Rigidity
Avichai Snir, Haipeng, Chen +1
We assess the role of cognitive convenience in the popularity and rigidity of 0 ending prices in convenience settings. Studies show that 0 ending prices are common at convenience s…
Large-Scale Methods for Distributionally Robust Optimization
Daniel Levy, Yair Carmon, John C. Duchi +1
We propose and analyze algorithms for distributionally robust optimization of convex losses with conditional value at risk (CVaR) and divergence uncertainty sets. We prove t…
Generalizing Hamiltonian Monte Carlo with Neural Networks
Daniel Levy, Matthew D. Hoffman, Jascha Sohl-Dickstein
We present a general-purpose method to train Markov chain Monte Carlo kernels, parameterized by deep neural networks, that converge and mix quickly to their target distribution. Ou…
Deformations of acid-mediated invasive tumors in a model with Allee effect
Paul Carter, Arjen Doelman, Peter van Heijster +4
We consider a Gatenby--Gawlinski-type model of invasive tumors in the presence of an Allee effect. We describe the construction of bistable one-dimensional traveling fronts using s…
Energy Loss Functions for Physical Systems
Sékou-Oumar Kaba, Kusha Sareen, Daniel Levy +1
Effectively leveraging prior knowledge of a system's physics is crucial for applications of machine learning to scientific domains. Previous approaches mostly focused on incorporat…
Asymmetric price adjustment over the business cycle
Daniel Levy, Haipeng, Chen +6
Studies of micro-level price datasets find more frequent small price increases than decreases, which can be explained by consumer inattention because time-constrained shoppers migh…
GPT-4 Technical Report
OpenAI, Josh Achiam, Steven Adler +278
We report the development of GPT-4, a large-scale, multimodal model which can accept image and text inputs and produce text outputs. While less capable than humans in many real-wor…
E(3)-Equivariant Mesh Neural Networks
Thuan Trang, Nhat Khang Ngo, Daniel Levy +3
Triangular meshes are widely used to represent three-dimensional objects. As a result, many recent works have address the need for geometric deep learning on 3D mesh. However, we o…
0.001% and Counting: Revisiting the Price Rounding Tax
Doron Sayag, Avichai Snir, Daniel Levy
In 1991 and 2008, Israel abolished the equivalents of 1-cent and 5-cent coins, respectively, effectively eliminating low-denomination coins and introducing rounding in cash transac…
Faster CryptoNets: Leveraging Sparsity for Real-World Encrypted Inference
Edward Chou, Josh Beal, Daniel Levy +3
Homomorphic encryption enables arbitrary computation over data while it remains encrypted. This privacy-preserving feature is attractive for machine learning, but requires signific…
Price Setting Rules, Rounding Tax, and Inattention Penalty
Doron Sayag, Avichai Snir, Daniel Levy
We study the price rounding regulation in Israel, which outlawed non-0-ending prices, forcing retailers to round 9 ending prices, which in many stores, comprised more than 60 perce…
Small Price Changes, Sales Volume, and Menu Cost
Doron Sayag, Avichai Snir, Daniel Levy
The finding of small price changes in many retail price datasets is often viewed as a puzzle. We show that a possible explanation for the presence of small price changes is related…
A polynomial-time approximation algorithm for the number of k-matchings in bipartite graphs
Shmuel Friedland, Daniel Levy
We show that the number of -matching in a given undirected graph is equal to the number of perfect matching of the corresponding graph on an even number of vertices di…
LeMat-GenBench: A Unified Evaluation Framework for Crystal Generative Models
Siddharth Betala, Samuel P. Gleason, Ali Ramlaoui +12
Generative machine learning (ML) models hold great promise for accelerating materials discovery through the inverse design of inorganic crystals, enabling an unprecedented explorat…
Smectic Polymer Vesicles
Lin Jia, Amin Cao, Daniel Levy +5
Polymer vesicles are stable robust vesicles made from block copolymer amphiphiles. Recent progress in the chemical design of block copolymers opens up the exciting possibility of c…
3 Lessons from Hyperinflationary Periods
Mark Bergen, Thomas Bergen, Daniel Levy +1
Inflation is painful, for firms, customers, employees, and society. But careful study of periods of hyperinflation point to ways that firms can adapt. In particular, companies need…
Fast Amortized Inference and Learning in Log-linear Models with Randomly Perturbed Nearest Neighbor Search
Stephen Mussmann, Daniel Levy, Stefano Ermon
Inference in log-linear models scales linearly in the size of output space in the worst-case. This is often a bottleneck in natural language processing and computer vision tasks wh…
Deterministic Policy Optimization by Combining Pathwise and Score Function Estimators for Discrete Action Spaces
Daniel Levy, Stefano Ermon
Policy optimization methods have shown great promise in solving complex reinforcement and imitation learning tasks. While model-free methods are broadly applicable, they often requ…
Large Effects of Small Cues: Priming Selfish Economic Decisions
Avichai Snir, Dudi Levy, Dian Wang +2
Many experimental studies report that economics students tend to act more selfishly than students of other disciplines, a finding that received widespread public and professional a…
Potterian Economics
Daniel Levy, Avichai Snir
Recent studies in psychology and neuroscience offer systematic evidence that fictional works exert a surprisingly strong influence on readers and have the power to shape their opin…
Geometry, Computation, and Optimality in Stochastic Optimization
Chen Cheng, Daniel Levy, John C. Duchi
We study computational and statistical consequences of problem geometry in stochastic and online optimization. By focusing on constraint set and gradient geometry, we characterize…
Quantitative Bounds for Sorting-Based Permutation-Invariant Embeddings
Nadav Dym, Matthias Wellershoff, Efstratios Tsoukanis +2
We study permutation-invariant embeddings of -dimensional point sets, which are defined by sorting independent one-dimensional projections of the input. Such embeddings aris…
Retail Price Ripples
Xiao Ling, Sourav Ray, Daniel Levy
Much like small ripples in a stream, which get lost in the larger waves, small changes in retail prices often fly under the radar of public perceptions, while large price changes a…
GPT-4o System Card
OpenAI, :, Aaron Hurst +416
GPT-4o is an autoregressive omni model that accepts as input any combination of text, audio, image, and video, and generates any combination of text, audio, and image outputs. It's…
Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models
Aarohi Srivastava, Abhinav Rastogi, Abhishek Rao +448
Language models demonstrate both quantitative improvement and new qualitative capabilities with increasing scale. Despite their potentially transformative impact, these new capabil…
Determining the expansion history of the universe with the three dimensional cosmic shear
Ram Brustein, Daniel Levy
We define a new observable that depends on finite redshift differences of the spin-weighted angular moments of the two point function of the three dimensional cosmic shear and on l…
Distributionally Robust Multilingual Machine Translation
Chunting Zhou, Daniel Levy, Xian Li +2
Multilingual neural machine translation (MNMT) learns to translate multiple language pairs with a single model, potentially improving both the accuracy and the memory-efficiency of…
Adapting to Function Difficulty and Growth Conditions in Private Optimization
Hilal Asi, Daniel Levy, John Duchi
We develop algorithms for private stochastic convex optimization that adapt to the hardness of the specific function we wish to optimize. While previous work provide worst-case bou…
Constraining the expansion history of the universe from the red shift evolution of cosmic shear
Daniel Levy, Ram Brustein
We present a quantitative analysis of the constraints on the total equation of state parameter that can be obtained from measuring the red shift evolution of the cosmic shear. We c…
Price Gouging or Market Forces? Fairness Perceptions of Price Hikes in the Pandemic
Avichai Snir, Daniel Levy, Dudi Levy +1
We report the results of surveys we conducted in the US and Israel in 2020, a time when many prices increased following the spread of the pandemic. To assess respondents perception…
Retail Pricing Format and Rigidity of Regular Prices
Sourav Ray, Avichai Snir, Daniel Levy
We study the price rigidity of regular and sale prices, and how it is affected by pricing formats (pricing strategies). We use data from three large Canadian stores with different…
Expressing the equation of state parameter in terms of the three dimensional cosmic shear
Daniel Levy, Ram Brustein
We study the functional dependence of the spin-weighted angular moments of the two-point correlation function of the three dimensional cosmic shear on the expansion history of the…
Symmetry-Aware Generative Modeling through Learned Canonicalization
Kusha Sareen, Daniel Levy, Arnab Kumar Mondal +3
Generative modeling of symmetric densities has a range of applications in AI for science, from drug discovery to physics simulations. The existing generative modeling paradigm for…
SymmCD: Symmetry-Preserving Crystal Generation with Diffusion Models
Daniel Levy, Siba Smarak Panigrahi, Sékou-Oumar Kaba +5
Generating novel crystalline materials has the potential to lead to advancements in fields such as electronics, energy storage, and catalysis. The defining characteristic of crysta…
Using Multiple Vector Channels Improves E(n)-Equivariant Graph Neural Networks
Daniel Levy, Sékou-Oumar Kaba, Carmelo Gonzales +2
We present a natural extension to E(n)-equivariant graph neural networks that uses multiple equivariant vectors per node. We formulate the extension and show that it improves perfo…
Sticky information and price controls: Evidence from a natural experiment
Doron Sayag, Avichai Snir, Daniel Levy
We test the predictions of the sticky information model using a survey dataset by comparing shoppers accuracy in recalling the prices of regulated and comparable unregulated produc…