papers

Publications (17)

astro-ph.IM2025

Challenge-Based Funding to Spark Origins Breakthroughs

Cole Mathis, Harrison B. Smith

Origins of life research is marred by ambiguous questions and goals, creating uncertainty about when research objectives have been achieved. Because of numerous unknowns and disagr…

astro-ph.IM2025

A Firefly-inspired Model for Deciphering the Alien

Cameron Brooks, Estelle Janin, Gage Siebert +3

The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (ETI) is, historically, a search for aliens like us, inspired by human centric ideas of intelligence and technology. However, humans ar…

q-bio.QM2023

Determining Molecular Complexity using Assembly Theory and Spectroscopy

Michael Jirasek, Abhishek Sharma, Jessica R. Bame +9

Determining the complexity of molecules has important applications from molecular design to understanding the history of the process that led to the formation of the molecule. Curr…

astro-ph.IM2022

Community Report from the Biosignatures Standards of Evidence Workshop

Victoria Meadows, Heather Graham, Victor Abrahamsson +72

The search for life beyond the Earth is the overarching goal of the NASA Astrobiology Program, and it underpins the science of missions that explore the environments of Solar Syste…

cs.GT2018

Individual perception dynamics in drunk games

Alberto Antonioni, Luis A. Martinez-Vaquero, Cole Mathis +2

We study the effects of individual perceptions of payoffs in two-player games. In particular we consider the setting in which individuals' perceptions of the game are influenced by…

physics.chem-ph2025

Open, Reproducible Calculation of Assembly Indices

Devansh Vimal, Garrett Parzych, Olivia M. Smith +4

We present assembly-theory, a Rust package for computing assembly indices of covalently bonded molecular structures. This is a key complexity measure of assembly theory, a recent t…

q-bio.MN2025

The Emergence of Chirality from Metabolism

John F. Malloy, Camerian Millsaps, Kamesh Narasimhan +4

Molecular chirality is critical to biochemical function, but it is unknown when chiral selectivity first became important in the evolutionary transition from geochemistry to bioche…

q-bio.BM2026

Elemental Stoichiometry as an Ecological Biosignature with Applications to Life Detection

Pilar C. Vergeli, Cole Mathis, John F. Malloy +5

The vast chemical space of possible small molecules, estimated at 10^60 compounds for molecules composed of just C, N, O, and S, is only sparsely occupied by biology. We propose th…

nlin.AO2024

Self-Organization in Computation & Chemistry: Return to AlChemy

Cole Mathis, Devansh Patel, Westley Weimer +1

How do complex adaptive systems, such as life, emerge from simple constituent parts? In the 1990s Walter Fontana and Leo Buss proposed a novel modeling approach to this question, b…

q-bio.PE2023

What it takes to solve the Origin(s) of Life: An integrated review of techniques

OoLEN, Silke Asche, Carla Bautista +35

Understanding the origin(s) of life (OoL) is a fundamental challenge for science in the 21st century. Research on OoL spans many disciplines, including chemistry, physics, biology,…

astro-ph.EP2022

False positives and the challenge of testing the alien hypothesis

Searra Foote, Pritvik Sinhadc, Cole Mathis +1

The origin of life and the detection of alien life have historically been treated as separate scientific research problems. However, they are not strictly independent. Here, we dis…

q-bio.OT2024

Experimental Measurement of Assembly Indices are Required to Determine The Threshold for Life

Sara I. Walker, Cole Mathis, Stuart Marshall +1

Assembly Theory (AT) was developed to help distinguish living from non-living systems. The theory is simple as it posits that the amount of selection or Assembly is a function of t…

astro-ph.EP2022

The Futility of Exoplanet Biosignatures

Harrison B. Smith, Cole Mathis

The ultimate goal of astrobiology is to determine the distribution and diversity of life in the universe. But as the word "biosignature" suggests, what will be detected is not life…

physics.bio-ph2025

Spatial Patterning and Selection: How the Environment Shapes Molecular Complexity

Alexandre Champagne-Ruel, Christopher P. Kempes, Cole Mathis

Assembly theory predicts that a distinguishing signature of life is its ability to produce complex molecules in abundance, opening new possibilities for life detection. Experimenta…

cs.FL2025

Prebiotic Functional Programs: Endogenous Selection in an Artificial Chemistry

Devansh Vimal, Cole Mathis, Westley Weimer +1

Artificial chemistry simulations produce many intriguing emergent behaviors, but they are often difficult to steer or control. This paper proposes a method for steering the dynamic…

physics.soc-ph2025

Historical Contingencies Steer the Topology of Randomly Assembled Graphs

Cole Mathis, Harrison B. Smith

Graphs are used to represent and analyze data in domains as diverse as physics, biology, chemistry, planetary science, and the social sciences. Across domains, random graph models…

nlin.AO2017

The Emergence of Life as a First Order Phase Transition

Cole Mathis, Tanmoy Bhattacharya, Sara Imari Walker

It is well known that life on Earth alters its environment over evolutionary and geological timescales. An important open question is whether this is a result of evolutionary optim…