Publications (79)
The HH 212 interstellar laboratory: astrochemistry as a tool to reveal protostellar disks on Solar System scales around a rising Sun
Claudio Codella, Cecilia Ceccarelli, Chin-Fei Lee +8
The investigation of star forming regions have enormously benefited from the recent advent of the ALMA interferometer. More specifically, the unprecedented combination of high-sens…
Interstellar formamide (NHCHO), a key prebiotic precursor
Ana López-Sepulcre, Nadia Balucani, Cecilia Ceccarelli +3
Formamide (NHCHO) has been identified as a potential precursor of a wide variety of organic compounds essential to life, and many biochemical studies propose it likely played a…
FAUST XXX: Dust enhancement in the young binary L1551 IRS 5
Nicolás Cuello, Eleonora Bianchi, François Ménard +17
Young binary stars with discs provide unique laboratories to study the earliest stages of planet formation in star-forming environments. The detection of substructure in discs arou…
Streamers feeding the SVS13-A protobinary system: astrochemistry reveals accretion shocks?
Eleonora Bianchi, Ana López-Sepulcre, Cecilia Ceccarelli +6
We report ALMA high-angular resolution (~ 50 au) observations of the binary system SVS13-A. More specifically, we analyse deuterated water (HDO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission.…
Infall of gas as the formation mechanism of stars up to 20 times more massive than the Sun
Maria T. Beltran, Riccardo Cesaroni, Claudio Codella +3
Theory predicts and observations confirm that low-mass stars (like the Sun) in their early life grow by accreting gas from the surrounding material. But for stars ~ 10 times more m…
ALMA observations of polarized emission toward the CW Tau and DG Tau protoplanetary disks: constraints on dust grain growth and settling
Francesca Bacciotti, Josep Miquel Girart, Marco Padovani +9
We present polarimetric data of CW Tau and DG Tau, two well-known Class II disk/jet systems, obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array at 870 m and 0."2 av…
Impacts of pure shocks in the BHR71 bipolar outflow
Antoine Gusdorf, Denise Riquelme, Sibylle Anderl +10
During the formation of a star, material is ejected along powerful jets that impact the ambient material. This outflow regulates star formation by e.g. inducing turbulence and heat…
Linking interstellar and cometary O: a deep search for OO in the solar-type protostar IRAS 16293--2422
Vianney Taquet, Ewine F. van Dishoeck, Matthew Swayne +15
Recent measurements carried out at comet 67P/C-G with the probe revealed that molecular oxygen, O, is the fourth most abundant molecule in comets. Models show t…
FAUST X: Formaldehyde in the Protobinary System [BHB2007] 11: Small Scale Deuteration
Lucy Evans, Charlotte Vastel, Francisco Fontani +16
Context. Deuterium in H-bearing species is enhanced during the early stages of star formation, however, only a small number of high spatial resolution deuteration studies exist tow…
FAUST XIX. DCO in the outflow cavities of NGC\,1333 IRAS\,4A: recovering the physical structure of its original prestellar core
Layal Chahine, Cecilia Ceccarelli, Marta De Simone +25
Molecular deuteration is a powerful diagnostic tool for probing the physical conditions and chemical processes in astrophysical environments. In this work, we focus on formaldehyde…
Discovery of [FeII]- and H2-emission from protostellar jets in the CB3 and CB230 globules
Fabrizio Massi, Claudio Codella, Jan Brand
Four Bok globules were studied in the Near-Infrared, through narrow-band filters, centered at the 1.644 micron line of [FeII], the H2-line at 2.122 micron, and the adjacent continu…
Stratified Distribution of Organic Molecules at the Planet-Formation Scale in the HH 212 Disk Atmosphere
Chin-Fei Lee, Claudio Codella, Cecilia Ceccarelli +1
Formamide (NH2CHO) is considered an important prebiotic molecule because of its potential to form peptide bonds. It was recently detected in the atmosphere of the HH 212 protostell…
Glycolaldehyde and ethanol toward the L1157 outflow: resolved images and constraints on glycolaldehyde formation
Juliette Robuschi, Ana López-Sepulcre, Cecilia Ceccarelli +3
Two main formation routes have been proposed for interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs): on dust grain surfaces and in the gas phase. Observing such molecules in protostell…
Sulfur Chemistry in L1157-B1
Jonathan Holdship, Izaskun Jimenez-Serra, Serena Viti +7
The main carrier of sulfur in dense clouds, where it is depleted from the gas phase, remains a mystery. Shock waves in young molecular outflows disrupt the ice mantles and allow us…
First Detection of the Simplest Organic Acid in a Protoplanetary Disk
Cécile Favre, Davide Fedele, Dmitry Semenov +14
The formation of asteroids, comets and planets occurs in the interior of protoplanetary disks during the early phase of star formation. Consequently, the chemical composition of th…
First Abundance Measurement of Organic Molecules in the Atmosphere of HH 212 Protostellar Disk
Chin-Fei Lee, Claudio Codella, Zhi-Yun Li +1
HH 212 is one of the well-studied protostellar systems, showing the first vertically resolved disk with a warm atmosphere around the central protostar. Here we report a detection o…
The genealogical tree of ethanol: gas-phase formation of glycolaldehyde, acetic acid and formic acid
Dimitrios Skouteris, Nadia Balucani, Cecilia Ceccarelli +5
Despite the harsh conditions of the interstellar medium, chemistry thrives in it, especially in star forming regions where several interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs) ha…
Cloudlet Capture Model for the Accretion Streamer onto the disk of DG Tau
Tomoyuki Hanawa, Antonio Garufi, Linda Podio +2
DG Tau is a nearby T Tauri star associated with a collimated jet, a circumstellar disk and a streamer a few hundred au long. The streamer connects to the disk at 50 au from D…
Seeds of Life in Space (SOLIS). III. Zooming into the methanol peak of the pre-stellar core L1544
Anna Punanova, Paola Caselli, Siyi Feng +41
Towards the pre-stellar core L1544, the methanol (CHOH) emission forms an asymmetric ring around the core centre, where CHOH is mostly in solid form, with a clear peak 4000…
Rotating disks in high-mass young stellar objects
Maria T. Beltran, Riccardo Cesaroni, Roberto Neri +4
We report on the detection of four rotating massive disks in two regions of high-mass star formation. The disks are perpendicular to known bipolar outflows and turn out to be unsta…
Herschel-HIFI observations of H2O, NH3 and N2H+ toward high-mass starless and proto-stellar clumps identified by the Hi-GAL survey
Luca Olmi, Carina M. Persson, Claudio Codella
Our present understanding of high-mass star formation still remains very schematic. In particular, it is not yet clear how much of the difference between low-mass and high-mass sta…
Ionized gas emission in protoplanetary disks with the SKAO
Greta Guidi, Christian Rab, Barbara Ercolano +20
Protoplanetary disks represent a crucial stage in the evolution of Young Stellar Objects towards the formation of fully formed planetary systems. While substantial progress has bee…
ALMA chemical survey of disk-outflow sources in Taurus (ALMA-DOT): I. CO, CS, CN, and H2CO around DG Tau B
Antonio Garufi, Linda Podio, Claudio Codella +7
The chemical composition of planets is inherited by the distribution of the various molecular species in the protoplanetary disk at thetime of their formation. As of today, only a…
ALMA chemical survey of disk-outflow sources in Taurus (ALMA-DOT) V: Sample, overview, and demography of disk molecular emission
Antonio Garufi, Linda Podio, Claudio Codella +9
We present an overview of the ALMA chemical survey of disk-outflow sources in Taurus (ALMA-DOT), a campaign devoted to the characterization of the molecular emission from partly em…
Interferometric observations of warm deuterated methanol in the inner regions of low-mass protostars
Vianney Taquet, Eleonora Bianchi, Claudio Codella +7
Methanol is a key species in astrochemistry since it is the most abundant organic molecule in the ISM and is thought to be the mother molecule of many complex organic species. Esti…
Hot Corinos Chemical Diversity: Myth or Reality?
Marta De Simone, Cecilia Ceccarelli, Claudio Codella +14
After almost 20 years of hunting, only about a dozen hot corinos, hot regions enriched in interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs), are known. Of them, many are binary system…
A theoretical investigation of the reaction between the amidogen, NH, and the ethyl, C2H5, radicals: a possible gas-phase formation route of interstellar and planetary ethanimine
Nadia Balucani, Dimitrios Skouteris, Cecilia Ceccarelli +3
The reaction between the amidogen, NH, radical and the ethyl, C2H5, radical has been investigated by performing electronic structure calculations of the underlying doublet potentia…
Dust enrichment and grain growth in a smooth disk around the DG Tau protostar revealed by ALMA triple bands frequency observations
Satoshi Ohashi, Munetake Momose, Akimasa Kataoka +10
Characterizing the physical properties of dust grains in a protoplanetary disk is critical to comprehending the planet formation process. Our study presents ALMA high-resolution ob…
H mass-velocity relationship from 3D numerical simulations of jet-driven molecular outflows
Adriano Cerqueira, Bertrand Lefloch, Alejandro Esquivel +4
Previous numerical studies have shown that in protostellar outflows, the mass-velocity distribution can be well described by a broken power law . On the ot…
FAUST XXIX. OCS line emission: a new method for measuring the luminosity of embedded protostars in binary systems
Guillaume Saury, Vittorio Bariosco, Cecilia Ceccarelli +19
The luminosity of embedded protostars is commonly measured via observations of the dust continuum spectral energy distribution from millimetre to infrared wavelengths. However, thi…
The two hot corinos of the SVS13-A protostellar binary system: counterposed siblings
Eleonora Bianchi, Ana López-Sepulcre, Cecilia Ceccarelli +4
We present ALMA high-angular resolution ( 50 au) observations of the Class I binary system SVS13-A. We report images of SVS13-A in numerous interstellar complex organic molec…
Interstellar dimethyl ether gas-phase formation: a quantum chemistry and kinetics study
Dimitrios Skouteris, Nadia Balucani, Cecilia Ceccarelli +4
Dimethyl ether is one of the most abundant interstellar complex organic molecules. Yet its formation route remains elusive. In this work, we have performed electronic structure and…
A detailed modelling of the chemically rich clumps along the CB3 outflow
Milena Benedettini, Jeremy A. Yates, Serena Viti +1
In order to investigate the origin and the structure of the low velocity, chemically rich clumps observed along the lobes of low- and intermediate-mass outflows, we construct a det…
First Detection of Interaction between a Magnetic Disk Wind and an Episodic Jet in a Protostellar System
Chin-Fei Lee, Benoit Tabone, Sylvie Cabrit +6
Rotating outflows from protostellar disks might trace extended magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) disk winds (DWs), providing a solution to the angular momentum problem in disk accretion f…
FAUST II. Discovery of a Secondary Outflow in IRAS 15398-3359: Variability in Outflow Direction during the Earliest Stage of Star Formation?
Yuki Okoda, Yoko Oya, Logan Francis +66
We have observed the very low-mass Class 0 protostar IRAS 15398-3359 at scales ranging from 50 au to 1800 au, as part of the ALMA Large Program FAUST. We uncover a linear feature,…
Dust Seeding Molecules in a Massive Protostar -- Detection of TiO in Orion Source I
Ziwei E. Zhang, Nami Sakai, Marcelino Agundez +16
We report the first detection of TiO in star-forming regions based on Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of Orion Source I, a well-characterized massive prot…
FAUST VII. Detection of A Hot Corino in the Prototypical Warm Carbon-Chain Chemistry Source IRAS 15398-3359
Yuki Okoda, Yoko Oya, Logan Francis +16
We have observed the low-mass protostellar source, IRAS 153983359, at a resolution of 0.2-0.3, as part of the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array Large Program…
A train of shocks at 3000 au scale? Exploring the clash of an expanding bubble into the NGC 1333 IRAS 4 region. SOLIS XIV
Marta De Simone, Claudio Codella, Cecilia Ceccarelli +10
There is evidence that the star formation process is linked to the intricate net of filaments in molecular clouds, which may be also due to gas compression from external triggers.…
Young Stars and their Variability with LSST
Rosaria Bonito, Patrick Hartigan, Laura Venuti +35
Young stars exhibit short-term photometric variability caused by mass accretion events from circumstellar disks, the presence of dusty warps within the inner disks, starspots that…
Thermal desorption of astrophysical relevant ice mixtures of acetaldehyde and acetonitrile from olivine dust
Maria Angela Corazzi, John Robert Brucato, Giovanni Poggiali +3
Millimeter and centimeter observations are discovering an increasing number of interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs) in a large variety of star forming sites, from the ear…
High-resolution mid-IR spectroscopy of SVS 13-A with EXES/SOFIA: The surprisingly high CHOH/HO ratio in the planet-forming zone of a solar mass protostar
Curtis DeWitt, Marta De Simone, Eleonora Bianchi +8
Water and methanol are key components of interstellar ices and gas in star- and planet-forming regions, but direct observations of water in low-mass protostars are challenging due…
Full interferometric map of the L1157 southern outflow: Formamide (NHCHO) can form in the gas, after all
Ana López-Sepulcre, Claudio Codella, Cecilia Ceccarelli +2
The formation mechanism of interstellar formamide (NHCHO), a key prebiotic precursor, is currently a matter of hot debate within the astrochemistry community, with both gas-pha…
Tracking the ice mantle history in the Solar-type Protostars of NGC 1333 IRAS 4
Marta De Simone, Cecilia Ceccarelli, Claudio Codella +13
To understand the origin of the diversity observed in exoplanetary systems, it is crucial to characterize the early stages of their formation, represented by Solar-type protostars.…
Seeds of Life in Space (SOLIS). VI. Chemical evolution of sulfuretted species along the outflows driven by the low-mass protostellar binary NGC1333-IRAS4A
Vianney Taquet, Claudio Codella, Marta de Simone +8
Context. Low-mass protostars drive powerful molecular outflows that can be observed with mm and sub-mm telescopes. Various sulfuretted species are known to be bright in shocks and…
A 100 au-Wide Bipolar Rotating Shell Emanating From The HH 212Protostellar Disk: A Disk Wind?
Chin-Fei Lee, Zhi-Yun Li, Claudio Codella +6
HH 212 is a Class 0 protostellar system found to host a "hamburger"-shaped dusty disk with a rotating disk atmosphere and a collimated SiO jet at a distance of ~ 400 pc. Recently,…
Multiple Components of the Outflow in the Protostellar System HH 212: Outer Outflow Shell, Rotating Wind, Shocked Wind, and Jet
J. A. López-Vázquez, Chin-Fei Lee, Hsien Shang +8
We present the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Band 7 observations of the CO (J=3-2) line emission of the protostellar system HH 212 at 24 au spatial resolution…
Chemical survey toward young stellar objects in the Perseus molecular cloud complex
Aya E. Higuchi, Nami Sakai, Yoshimasa Watanabe +12
Chemical diversity of the gas in low-mass protostellar cores is widely recognized. In order to explore its origin, a survey of chemical composition toward 36 Class 0/I protostars i…
A JWST, ALMA and VLA survey of the Ophiuchus-A star-forming region: Unveiling hidden dust mass and connecting infrared outflows to their radio origins
Isaac C. Radley, John D. Ilee, Gemma Busquet +18
We present an infrared, millimetre, and radio survey of 20 Class 0-III young stellar objects in the Ophiuchus A L1688 star-forming cluster, combining high-resolution (7-25 au) VLA…
FAUST XXVII: The circumbinary disk and the outflow of the L 1551 IRS 5 binary system
Aurora Durán, Laurent Loinard, Pedro R. Rivera-Ortiz +21
Using continuum and line data obtained from the large ALMA program FAUST, we studied the structure of the protostellar binary system L1551 IRS5 at sc…
Observations of CHOH and CHCHO in a Sample of Protostellar Outflow Sources
Jonathan Holdship, Serena Viti, Claudio Codella +8
Iram 30-m Observations towards eight protostellar outflow sources were taken in the 96-\SI{176}{\giga\hertz} range. Transitions of CHOH and CHCHO were detected in seven of…
Observations of complex organic molecules in the gas phase of the interstellar medium
Izaskun Jimenez-Serra, Claudio Codella, Arnaud Belloche
Thanks to the advent of sensitive and broad bandwidth instrumentation, complex organic molecules (COMs) have been found in a wide variety of interstellar environments, not only in…
CHCN deuteration in the SVS13-A Class I hot-corino. SOLIS XV
Eleonora Bianchi, Cecilia Ceccarelli, Claudio Codella +12
We studied the line emission from CH3CN and its deuterated isotopologue CHDCN towards the prototypical Class I object SVS13-A, where the deuteration of a large number of specie…
Characterising the multiple protostellar system VLA 1623-2417 with JWST, ALMA and VLA: outflow origins, dust growth and an unsettled disk
Isaac C. Radley, Gemma Busquet, John D. Ilee +16
Utilising JWST, ALMA and the VLA we present high angular resolution (0.06''- 0.42''), multi-wavelength (4 micron - 3cm) observations of the VLA 1623-2417 protostellar system to cha…
Exploring the link between star and planet formation with Ariel
Diego Turrini, Claudio Codella, Camilla Danielski +22
The goal of the Ariel space mission is to observe a large and diversified population of transiting planets around a range of host star types to collect information on their atmosph…
Cyanopolyyne chemistry in the L1544 prestellar core: new insights from GBT observations
Eleonora Bianchi, Anthony Remijan, Claudio Codella +9
We report a comprehensive study of the cyanopolyyne chemistry in the prototypical prestellar core L1544. Using the 100m Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT) we observe 3 emiss…
Laboratory measurements and astronomical search for cyanomethanimine
Mattia Melosso, Alessio Melli, Cristina Puzzarini +9
C-cyanomethanimine (HNCHCN), existing in the two and isomeric forms, is a key prebiotic molecule, but, so far, only the isomer has been detected toward the massive star…
H2S in the L1157-B1 Bow shock
Jonathan Holdship, Serena Viti, Izaskun Jimenez-Serra +8
Sulfur-bearing molecules are highly reactive in the gas phase of the ISM. However, the form in which most of the sulfur is locked onto interstellar dust grains is unknown. By takin…
The origin and structure of clumps along molecular outflows: the test case of CB3
Serena Viti, Claudio Codella, Milena Benedettini +1
We investigate the origin of the small, chemically rich molecular clumps observed along the main axis of chemically rich outflows such as CB3 and L1157. We develop a chemical model…
Destruction of interstellar methyl cyanide (CH3CN) via collisions with He+ ions
Luca Mancini, EmÃlia Valença Ferreira de Aragão, Fernando Pirani +8
Methyl cyanide is one of the simplest interstellar complex organic molecules, widely detected in young solar analogues, shocked regions, protoplanetary disks and comets. CH3CN can…
Carbon chain diversity in L1544 and IRAS 16293-2422: an astrochemical pathfinder study for the SKAO
Lisa Giani, Eleonora Bianchi, Anthony Remijan +12
Astrochemical observations have revealed a surprisingly high level of chemical complexity, including long carbon chains, in the earliest stages of Sun-like star formation. The orig…
A high resolution study of complex organic molecules in hot cores
Hannah Calcutt, Serena Viti, Claudio Codella +3
We present the results of a line identification analysis using data from the IRAM Plateau de Bure Inferferometer, focusing on six massive star-forming hot cores: G31.41+0.31, G29.9…
The CHESS survey of the L1157-B1 shock: the dissociative jet shock as revealed by Herschel--PACS
Milena Benedettini, Gemma Busquet, Bertrand Lefloch +10
Outflows generated by protostars heavily affect the kinematics and chemistry of the hosting molecular cloud through strong shocks that enhance the abundance of some molecules. L115…
High SiO abundance in the HH212 protostellar jet
Sylvie Cabrit, Claudio Codella, Frédéric Gueth +1
Previous SiO maps of the innermost regions of HH212 set strong constraints on the structure and origin of this jet. They rule out a fast wide-angle wind, and tentatively favor a ma…
CORINOS. III. Outflow Shocked Regions of the Low-mass Protostellar Source IRAS 15398-3359 with JWST and ALMA
Yuki Okoda, Yao-Lun Yang, Neal J. Evans +10
While molecular outflows have been studied in details with radio interferometry, observations of the hotter gas in protostellar outflows at a comparable physical scale is often cha…
A detailed study of the rotating toroids in G31.41+0.31 and G24.78+0.08
Maria T. Beltran, Riccardo Cesaroni, Roberto Neri +4
We present the results of high angular resolution millimeter observations of gas and dust toward G31.41+0.31 and G24.78+0.08, two high-mass star forming regions where four rotating…
Astrochemistry as a tool to follow the protostellar evolution: the Class I stage
Eleonora Bianchi, Cecilia Ceccarelli, Claudio Codella +3
The latest developments in astrochemistry have shown how some molecular species can be used as a tool to study the early stages of the solar-type star formation process. Among them…
The Formation Conditions of the Wide Binary Class 0 Protostars within BHR 71
John Tobin, Tyler Bourke, Stacy Mader +7
We present a characterization of the binary protostar system that is forming within a dense core in the isolated dark cloud BHR71. The pair of protostars, IRS1 and IRS2, are both i…
Testing circumstellar disk lifetimes in young embedded clusters associated with the Vela Molecular Ridge
Fabrizio Massi, Elisa Di Carlo, Claudio Codella +3
Context. The Vela Molecular Ridge hosts a number of young embedded star clusters in the same evolutionary stage. Aims. The main aim of the present work is testing whether the fract…
The clumpy structure of the chemically active L1157 outflow
Milena Benedettini, Serena Viti, Claudio Codella +5
We present high spatial resolution maps, obtained with the Plateau de Bure Interferometer, of the blue lobe of the L1157 outflow. We observed four lines at 3 mm, namely CH3OH (2_K-…
Substructures in Planet-Forming Disks with the SKAO
Yinhao Wu, Jessica Speedie, Sebastián Pérez +33
Disks of gas and dust orbiting young stars are the arenas and material reservoirs for planet formation. Over the past decade, multiwavelength observations, from infrared to radio,…
First detection of water vapor in a pre-stellar core
Paola Caselli, Eric Keto, Edwin A. Bergin +11
Water is a crucial molecule in molecular astrophysics as it controls much of the gas/grain chemistry, including the formation and evolution of more complex organic molecules in ice…
Unveiling Complex Chemistry in Planet-forming Disks with the SKAO
Linda Podio, Lisa Giani, Catherine Walsh +38
The chemical composition of planets is inherited from that of the natal protoplanetary disk at the time of planet formation. In recent years, we have made huge progress in characte…
Multiple chemical tracers finally unveil the intricate NGC\,1333 IRAS\,4A outflow system. FAUST XVI
Layal Chahine, Cecilia Ceccarelli, Marta De Simone +54
The exploration of outflows in protobinary systems presents a challenging yet crucial endeavour, offering valuable insights into the dynamic interplay between protostars and their…
CALYPSO view of SVS 13A with PdBI: Multiple jet sources
Charlène Lefèvre, Sylvie Cabrit, Anaëlle J. Maury +9
Aims. We wish to clarify the origin of the multiple jet features emanating from the binary protostar SVS 13A (= VLA4A/VLA4B). Methods. We used the Plateau de Bure Interferometer to…
Demographics of planet-forming disks with the SKAO
Antonio Garufi, Sebastián Pérez, John D. Ilee +21
Understanding how solid material in planet-forming disks evolves from micron-sized dust to planetary cores is a central challenge in modern astrophysics. This study has advanced dr…
FAUST III. Misaligned rotations of the envelope, outflow, and disks in the multiple protostellar system of VLA 16232417
Satoshi Ohashi, Claudio Codella, Nami Sakai +69
We report a study of the low-mass Class-0 multiple system VLA 1623AB in the Ophiuchus star-forming region, using HCO (), CS (), and CCH () lines as…
The low-mass YSO CB230-A: investigating the protostar and its jet with NIR spectroscopy and Spitzer observations
Fabrizio Massi, Claudio Codella, Jan Brand +2
A jet from the low-mass YSO CB230-A had been discovered in NIR narrow-band images. We aim to investigate the physical properties of the region from where the jet is launched. Our a…
Ariel: Enabling planetary science across light-years
Giovanna Tinetti, Paul Eccleston, Carole Haswell +313
Ariel, the Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey, was adopted as the fourth medium-class mission in ESA's Cosmic Vision programme to be launched in 2029. Durin…
Chemical Complexity in the Early Stages of Star Formation in the SKAO Era
Eleonora Bianchi, Mathilde Bouvier, Claudio Codella +44
About 350 molecules have been identified in the interstellar medium (ISM), including complex molecules relevant to prebiotic chemistry. A remarkable level of molecular diversity ha…