papers

Publications (101)

cs.CL2020

Beyond Instructional Videos: Probing for More Diverse Visual-Textual Grounding on YouTube

Jack Hessel, Zhenhai Zhu, Bo Pang +1

Pretraining from unlabelled web videos has quickly become the de-facto means of achieving high performance on many video understanding tasks. Features are learned via prediction of…

cs.SI2014

The effect of wording on message propagation: Topic- and author-controlled natural experiments on Twitter

Chenhao Tan, Lillian Lee, Bo Pang

Consider a person trying to spread an important message on a social network. He/she can spend hours trying to craft the message. Does it actually matter? While there has been exten…

cs.LG2025

A Minimalist Approach to LLM Reasoning: from Rejection Sampling to Reinforce

Wei Xiong, Jiarui Yao, Yuhui Xu +8

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a prevailing approach for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on complex reasoning tasks. Among recent methods, GRPO stands out for its…

cs.AI2025

Self-Abstraction from Grounded Experience for Plan-Guided Policy Refinement

Hiroaki Hayashi, Bo Pang, Wenting Zhao +6

Large language model (LLM) based agents are increasingly used to tackle software engineering tasks that require multi-step reasoning and code modification, demonstrating promising…

cs.AI2026

Procedural Memory Distillation: Online Reflection for Self-Improving Language Models

Ye Liu, Srijan Bansal, Bo Pang +6

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), along with recent selfdistillation variants such as SDPO, evaluates each rollout against a verifier and updates the policy fr…

cs.CV2023

Learning the Geodesic Embedding with Graph Neural Networks

Bo Pang, Zhongtian Zheng, Guoping Wang +1

We present GeGnn, a learning-based method for computing the approximate geodesic distance between two arbitrary points on discrete polyhedra surfaces with constant time complexity…

cs.CV2020

TDAF: Top-Down Attention Framework for Vision Tasks

Bo Pang, Yizhuo Li, Jiefeng Li +3

Human attention mechanisms often work in a top-down manner, yet it is not well explored in vision research. Here, we propose the Top-Down Attention Framework (TDAF) to capture top-…

stat.ML2022

MCMC Should Mix: Learning Energy-Based Model with Neural Transport Latent Space MCMC

Erik Nijkamp, Ruiqi Gao, Pavel Sountsov +4

Learning energy-based model (EBM) requires MCMC sampling of the learned model as an inner loop of the learning algorithm. However, MCMC sampling of EBMs in high-dimensional data sp…

cs.LG2020

Learning Latent Space Energy-Based Prior Model for Molecule Generation

Bo Pang, Tian Han, Ying Nian Wu

Deep generative models have recently been applied to molecule design. If the molecules are encoded in linear SMILES strings, modeling becomes convenient. However, models relying on…

cs.CV2020

ASAP-Net: Attention and Structure Aware Point Cloud Sequence Segmentation

Hanwen Cao, Yongyi Lu, Cewu Lu +3

Recent works of point clouds show that mulit-frame spatio-temporal modeling outperforms single-frame versions by utilizing cross-frame information. In this paper, we further improv…

cs.CL2026

Inference-Time Rethinking with Latent Thought Vectors for Math Reasoning

Deqian Kong, Minglu Zhao, Aoyang Qin +10

Standard chain-of-thought reasoning generates a solution in a single forward pass, committing irrevocably to each token and lacking a mechanism to recover from early errors. We int…

cs.CL2023

Few-shot Unified Question Answering: Tuning Models or Prompts?

Srijan Bansal, Semih Yavuz, Bo Pang +2

Question-answering (QA) tasks often investigate specific question types, knowledge domains, or reasoning skills, leading to specialized models catering to specific categories of QA…

cs.CV2023

PaLI-X: On Scaling up a Multilingual Vision and Language Model

Xi Chen, Josip Djolonga, Piotr Padlewski +40

We present the training recipe and results of scaling up PaLI-X, a multilingual vision and language model, both in terms of size of the components and the breadth of its training t…

cs.CL2010

For the sake of simplicity: Unsupervised extraction of lexical simplifications from Wikipedia

Mark Yatskar, Bo Pang, Cristian Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil +1

We report on work in progress on extracting lexical simplifications (e.g., "collaborate" -> "work together"), focusing on utilizing edit histories in Simple English Wikipedia for t…

cs.CL2021

Robust Transfer Learning with Pretrained Language Models through Adapters

Wenjuan Han, Bo Pang, Yingnian Wu

Transfer learning with large pretrained transformer-based language models like BERT has become a dominating approach for most NLP tasks. Simply fine-tuning those large language mod…

cs.CL2023

XGen-7B Technical Report

Erik Nijkamp, Tian Xie, Hiroaki Hayashi +22

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become ubiquitous across various domains, transforming the way we interact with information and conduct research. However, most high-performing LL…

q-bio.BM2023

Molecule Design by Latent Space Energy-Based Modeling and Gradual Distribution Shifting

Deqian Kong, Bo Pang, Tian Han +1

Generation of molecules with desired chemical and biological properties such as high drug-likeness, high binding affinity to target proteins, is critical for drug discovery. In thi…

cs.CL2025

Kimi Linear: An Expressive, Efficient Attention Architecture

Kimi Team, Yu Zhang, Zongyu Lin +57

We introduce Kimi Linear, a hybrid linear attention architecture that, for the first time, outperforms full attention under fair comparisons across various scenarios -- including s…

eess.SY2020

Adaptive Optimal Control of Linear Periodic Systems: An Off-Policy Value Iteration Approach

Bo Pang, Zhong-Ping Jiang

This paper studies the infinite-horizon adaptive optimal control of continuous-time linear periodic (CTLP) systems. A novel value iteration (VI) based off-policy ADP algorithm is p…

cs.CL2025

Latent Thought Models with Variational Bayes Inference-Time Computation

Deqian Kong, Minglu Zhao, Dehong Xu +8

We propose a novel class of language models, Latent Thought Models (LTMs), which incorporate explicit latent thought vectors that follow an explicit prior model in latent space. Th…

cs.LG2021

CGNN: Traffic Classification with Graph Neural Network

Bo Pang, Yongquan Fu, Siyuan Ren +3

Traffic classification associates packet streams with known application labels, which is vital for network security and network management. With the rise of NAT, port dynamics, and…

cs.CV2019

Deep RNN Framework for Visual Sequential Applications

Bo Pang, Kaiwen Zha, Hanwen Cao +2

Extracting temporal and representation features efficiently plays a pivotal role in understanding visual sequence information. To deal with this, we propose a new recurrent neural…

cs.AI2025

Reasoning Curriculum: Bootstrapping Broad LLM Reasoning from Math

Bo Pang, Deqian Kong, Silvio Savarese +2

Reinforcement learning (RL) can elicit strong reasoning in large language models (LLMs), yet most open efforts focus on math and code. We propose Reasoning Curriculum, a simple two…

cs.CV2021

PGT: A Progressive Method for Training Models on Long Videos

Bo Pang, Gao Peng, Yizhuo Li +1

Convolutional video models have an order of magnitude larger computational complexity than their counterpart image-level models. Constrained by computational resources, there is no…

cs.LG2024

RLHF Workflow: From Reward Modeling to Online RLHF

Hanze Dong, Wei Xiong, Bo Pang +7

We present the workflow of Online Iterative Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) in this technical report, which is widely reported to outperform its offline counterpa…

cs.LG2020

Semi-supervised Learning by Latent Space Energy-Based Model of Symbol-Vector Coupling

Bo Pang, Erik Nijkamp, Jiali Cui +2

This paper proposes a latent space energy-based prior model for semi-supervised learning. The model stands on a generator network that maps a latent vector to the observed example.…

cs.CL2019

Decoupled Box Proposal and Featurization with Ultrafine-Grained Semantic Labels Improve Image Captioning and Visual Question Answering

Soravit Changpinyo, Bo Pang, Piyush Sharma +1

Object detection plays an important role in current solutions to vision and language tasks like image captioning and visual question answering. However, popular models like Faster…

cs.LG2023

Latent Diffusion Energy-Based Model for Interpretable Text Modeling

Peiyu Yu, Sirui Xie, Xiaojian Ma +6

Latent space Energy-Based Models (EBMs), also known as energy-based priors, have drawn growing interests in generative modeling. Fueled by its flexibility in the formulation and st…

cs.GR2025

Neural Cone Radiosity for Interactive Global Illumination with Glossy Materials

Jierui Ren, Haojie Jin, Bo Pang +3

Modeling of high-frequency outgoing radiance distributions has long been a key challenge in rendering, particularly for glossy material. Such distributions concentrate radiative en…

cs.CL2023

Diverse and Faithful Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generation via Sequential Posterior Inference

Yan Xu, Deqian Kong, Dehong Xu +4

The capability to generate responses with diversity and faithfulness using factual knowledge is paramount for creating a human-like, trustworthy dialogue system. Common strategies…

cs.CV2022

Semantic Segmentation by Early Region Proxy

Yifan Zhang, Bo Pang, Cewu Lu

Typical vision backbones manipulate structured features. As a compromise, semantic segmentation has long been modeled as per-point prediction on dense regular grids. In this work,…

cs.LG2023

CodeGen: An Open Large Language Model for Code with Multi-Turn Program Synthesis

Erik Nijkamp, Bo Pang, Hiroaki Hayashi +5

Program synthesis strives to generate a computer program as a solution to a given problem specification, expressed with input-output examples or natural language descriptions. The…

cs.CV2024

Joint Point Cloud Upsampling and Cleaning with Octree-based CNNs

Jihe Li, Bo Pang, Peng-Shuai Wang

Recovering dense and uniformly distributed point clouds from sparse or noisy data remains a significant challenge. Recently, great progress has been made on these tasks, but usuall…

cs.CL2012

Get out the vote: Determining support or opposition from Congressional floor-debate transcripts

Matt Thomas, Bo Pang, Lillian Lee

We investigate whether one can determine from the transcripts of U.S. Congressional floor debates whether the speeches represent support of or opposition to proposed legislation. T…

eess.SY2021

Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Optimal Stationary Control of Linear Stochastic Systems

Bo Pang, Zhong-Ping Jiang

This paper studies the adaptive optimal stationary control of continuous-time linear stochastic systems with both additive and multiplicative noises, using reinforcement learning t…

eess.IV2020

NTIRE 2020 Challenge on Video Quality Mapping: Methods and Results

Dario Fuoli, Zhiwu Huang, Martin Danelljan +18

This paper reviews the NTIRE 2020 challenge on video quality mapping (VQM), which addresses the issues of quality mapping from source video domain to target video domain. The chall…

cs.CV2020

Asynchronous Interaction Aggregation for Action Detection

Jiajun Tang, Jin Xia, Xinzhi Mu +2

Understanding interaction is an essential part of video action detection. We propose the Asynchronous Interaction Aggregation network (AIA) that leverages different interactions to…

math.OC2021

Robust Reinforcement Learning: A Case Study in Linear Quadratic Regulation

Bo Pang, Zhong-Ping Jiang

This paper studies the robustness of reinforcement learning algorithms to errors in the learning process. Specifically, we revisit the benchmark problem of discrete-time linear qua…

cs.LG2023

Emergence of Abstract State Representations in Embodied Sequence Modeling

Tian Yun, Zilai Zeng, Kunal Handa +4

Decision making via sequence modeling aims to mimic the success of language models, where actions taken by an embodied agent are modeled as tokens to predict. Despite their promisi…

cs.CY2025

LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context

Bo Pang, Tingrui Qiao, Caroline Walker +2

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced natural language processing applications, yet their widespread use raises concerns regarding inherent biases that may reduc…

cs.CL2019

CoSQL: A Conversational Text-to-SQL Challenge Towards Cross-Domain Natural Language Interfaces to Databases

Tao Yu, Rui Zhang, He Yang Er +21

We present CoSQL, a corpus for building cross-domain, general-purpose database (DB) querying dialogue systems. It consists of 30k+ turns plus 10k+ annotated SQL queries, obtained f…

cs.CV2020

TubeTK: Adopting Tubes to Track Multi-Object in a One-Step Training Model

Bo Pang, Yizhuo Li, Yifan Zhang +2

Multi-object tracking is a fundamental vision problem that has been studied for a long time. As deep learning brings excellent performances to object detection algorithms, Tracking…

cs.CL2025

Breaking the Cloak! Unveiling Chinese Cloaked Toxicity with Homophone Graph and Toxic Lexicon

Xuchen Ma, Jianxiang Yu, Wenming Shao +2

Social media platforms have experienced a significant rise in toxic content, including abusive language and discriminatory remarks, presenting growing challenges for content modera…

cs.SE2025

CLOVER: A Test Case Generation Benchmark with Coverage, Long-Context, and Verification

Jiacheng Xu, Bo Pang, Jin Qu +3

Software testing is a critical aspect of software development, yet generating test cases remains a routine task for engineers. This paper presents a benchmark, CLOVER, to evaluate…

cs.CV2024

Omni-SMoLA: Boosting Generalist Multimodal Models with Soft Mixture of Low-rank Experts

Jialin Wu, Xia Hu, Yaqing Wang +2

Large multi-modal models (LMMs) exhibit remarkable performance across numerous tasks. However, generalist LMMs often suffer from performance degradation when tuned over a large col…

eess.SY2020

Robust Policy Iteration for Continuous-time Linear Quadratic Regulation

Bo Pang, Tao Bian, Zhong-Ping Jiang

This paper studies the robustness of policy iteration in the context of continuous-time infinite-horizon linear quadratic regulation (LQR) problem. It is shown that Kleinman's poli…

cs.CL2019

SParC: Cross-Domain Semantic Parsing in Context

Tao Yu, Rui Zhang, Michihiro Yasunaga +16

We present SParC, a dataset for cross-domainSemanticParsing inContext that consists of 4,298 coherent question sequences (12k+ individual questions annotated with SQL queries). It…

cs.SI2012

Echoes of power: Language effects and power differences in social interaction

Cristian Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, Lillian Lee, Bo Pang +1

Understanding social interaction within groups is key to analyzing online communities. Most current work focuses on structural properties: who talks to whom, and how such interacti…

cs.CV2021

Fully Unsupervised Person Re-identification viaSelective Contrastive Learning

Bo Pang, Deming Zhai, Junjun Jiang +1

Person re-identification (ReID) aims at searching the same identity person among images captured by various cameras. Unsupervised person ReID attracts a lot of attention recently,…

cs.LG2021

Trajectory Prediction with Latent Belief Energy-Based Model

Bo Pang, Tianyang Zhao, Xu Xie +1

Human trajectory prediction is critical for autonomous platforms like self-driving cars or social robots. We present a latent belief energy-based model (LB-EBM) for diverse human t…

stat.ML2020

Learning Multi-layer Latent Variable Model via Variational Optimization of Short Run MCMC for Approximate Inference

Erik Nijkamp, Bo Pang, Tian Han +3

This paper studies the fundamental problem of learning deep generative models that consist of multiple layers of latent variables organized in top-down architectures. Such models h…

cs.SE2024

Diversity Empowers Intelligence: Integrating Expertise of Software Engineering Agents

Kexun Zhang, Weiran Yao, Zuxin Liu +13

Large language model (LLM) agents have shown great potential in solving real-world software engineering (SWE) problems. The most advanced open-source SWE agent can resolve over 27%…

cs.CV2020

Multimodal Pretraining for Dense Video Captioning

Gabriel Huang, Bo Pang, Zhenhai Zhu +2

Learning specific hands-on skills such as cooking, car maintenance, and home repairs increasingly happens via instructional videos. The user experience with such videos is known to…

stat.ML2020

Learning Latent Space Energy-Based Prior Model

Bo Pang, Tian Han, Erik Nijkamp +2

We propose to learn energy-based model (EBM) in the latent space of a generator model, so that the EBM serves as a prior model that stands on the top-down network of the generator…

cs.CL2005

Seeing stars: Exploiting class relationships for sentiment categorization with respect to rating scales

Bo Pang, Lillian Lee

We address the rating-inference problem, wherein rather than simply decide whether a review is "thumbs up" or "thumbs down", as in previous sentiment analysis work, one must determ…

cond-mat.mes-hall2024

Two-dimensional Asymptotic Generalized Brillouin Zone Theory

Zeqi Xu, Bo Pang, Kai Zhang +1

In this work, we propose a theory on the two-dimensional non-Hermitian skin effect by resolving two representative minimal models. Specifically, we show that for any given non-Herm…

cs.CL2019

A Case Study on Combining ASR and Visual Features for Generating Instructional Video Captions

Jack Hessel, Bo Pang, Zhenhai Zhu +1

Instructional videos get high-traffic on video sharing platforms, and prior work suggests that providing time-stamped, subtask annotations (e.g., "heat the oil in the pan") improve…

cs.HC2025

TimeGazer: Temporal Modeling of Predictive Gaze Stabilization for AR Interaction

Yaozheng Xia, Zaiping Zhu, Bo Pang +2

Gaze stabilization is critical for enabling fluid, accurate, and efficient interaction in immersive augmented reality (AR) environments, particularly during task-oriented visual be…

math.OC2025

A point cloud reconstruction method based on uncertainty feature enhancement for aerodynamic shape optimization

Junlin Li, Yang Zhang, Bo Pang +2

The precision of shape representation and the dimensionality of the design space significantly influence the cost and outcomes of aerodynamic optimization. The design space can be…

cs.LG2025

Efficient Long-context Language Model Training by Core Attention Disaggregation

Yonghao Zhuang, Junda Chen, Bo Pang +6

We present core attention disaggregation (CAD), a technique that improves long-context large language model training by decoupling the core attention computation, softmax(QK^T)V, f…

cs.HC2025

Let AI Read First: Enhancing Reading Abilities for Individuals with Dyslexia through Artificial Intelligence

Sihang Zhao, Shoucong Carol Xiong, Bo Pang +2

Dyslexia, a neurological condition affecting approximately 12% of the global population, presents significant challenges to reading ability and quality of life. Existing assistive…

cs.CV2024

Neural Laplacian Operator for 3D Point Clouds

Bo Pang, Zhongtian Zheng, Yilong Li +2

The discrete Laplacian operator holds a crucial role in 3D geometry processing, yet it is still challenging to define it on point clouds. Previous works mainly focused on construct…

cs.CL2026

CVPO: Enhancing LLM Reinforcement Learning Reasoning via Value-Variance Adaptation and Dynamic Curriculum Learning

Ziqi Jia, Yalu Ouyang, Bo Pang +5

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as an effective method for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, existing methods suffer from insuf…

cs.CL2025

xGen-small Technical Report

Erik Nijkamp, Bo Pang, Egor Pakhomov +5

We introduce xGen-small, a family of 4B and 9B Transformer decoder models optimized for long-context applications. Our vertically integrated pipeline unites domain-balanced, freque…

cs.CL2002

Thumbs up? Sentiment Classification using Machine Learning Techniques

Bo Pang, Lillian Lee, Shivakumar Vaithyanathan

We consider the problem of classifying documents not by topic, but by overall sentiment, e.g., determining whether a review is positive or negative. Using movie reviews as data, we…

cs.CV2021

Human Pose Regression with Residual Log-likelihood Estimation

Jiefeng Li, Siyuan Bian, Ailing Zeng +4

Heatmap-based methods dominate in the field of human pose estimation by modelling the output distribution through likelihood heatmaps. In contrast, regression-based methods are mor…

cs.CV2018

Human Action Adverb Recognition: ADHA Dataset and A Three-Stream Hybrid Model

Bo Pang, Kaiwen Zha, Cewu Lu

We introduce the first benchmark for a new problem --- recognizing human action adverbs (HAA): "Adverbs Describing Human Actions" (ADHA). This is the first step for computer vision…

cs.LG2025

CoDA: Coding LM via Diffusion Adaptation

Haolin Chen, Shiyu Wang, Can Qin +12

Diffusion language models promise bidirectional context and infilling capabilities that autoregressive coders lack, yet practical systems remain heavyweight. We introduce CoDA, a 1…

cs.CV2022

End-to-end Dense Video Captioning as Sequence Generation

Wanrong Zhu, Bo Pang, Ashish V. Thapliyal +2

Dense video captioning aims to identify the events of interest in an input video, and generate descriptive captions for each event. Previous approaches usually follow a two-stage g…

cs.CL2025

BOLT: Bootstrap Long Chain-of-Thought in Language Models without Distillation

Bo Pang, Hanze Dong, Jiacheng Xu +3

Large language models (LLMs), such as o1 from OpenAI, have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities. o1 generates a long chain-of-thought (LongCoT) before answering a questio…

cs.LG2021

Generative Text Modeling through Short Run Inference

Bo Pang, Erik Nijkamp, Tian Han +1

Latent variable models for text, when trained successfully, accurately model the data distribution and capture global semantic and syntactic features of sentences. The prominent ap…

cs.SD2025

NAT: Neural Acoustic Transfer for Interactive Scenes in Real Time

Xutong Jin, Bo Pang, Chenxi Xu +3

Previous acoustic transfer methods rely on extensive precomputation and storage of data to enable real-time interaction and auditory feedback. However, these methods struggle with…

physics.atom-ph2017

Hybrid optical pumping of K and Rb atoms in a paraffin coated vapor cell

Wenhao Li, Xiang Peng, Dmitry Budker +4

Dynamic hybrid optical pumping effects with a radio-frequency-field-driven nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (RF NMOR) scheme are studied in a dual-species paraffin coated vapor c…

cs.DC2026

Seer: Online Context Learning for Fast Synchronous LLM Reinforcement Learning

Ruoyu Qin, Weiran He, Weixiao Huang +7

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a critical technique for advancing modern Large Language Models (LLMs), yet existing synchronous RL systems face severe performance bottl…

cs.CL2022

Long Document Summarization with Top-down and Bottom-up Inference

Bo Pang, Erik Nijkamp, Wojciech Kryściński +3

Text summarization aims to condense long documents and retain key information. Critical to the success of a summarization model is the faithful inference of latent representations…

cs.AI2025

FEVO: Financial Knowledge Expansion and Reasoning Evolution for Large Language Models

Bo Pang, Yalu Ouyang, Hangfei Xu +6

Advancements in reasoning for large language models (LLMs) have lead to significant performance improvements for LLMs in various fields such as mathematics and programming. However…

cs.CV2022

Unsupervised Visual Representation Learning by Synchronous Momentum Grouping

Bo Pang, Yifan Zhang, Yaoyi Li +2

In this paper, we propose a genuine group-level contrastive visual representation learning method whose linear evaluation performance on ImageNet surpasses the vanilla supervised l…

cs.CL2025

GReaTer: Gradients over Reasoning Makes Smaller Language Models Strong Prompt Optimizers

Sarkar Snigdha Sarathi Das, Ryo Kamoi, Bo Pang +3

The effectiveness of large language models (LLMs) is closely tied to the design of prompts, making prompt optimization essential for enhancing their performance across a wide range…

cs.LG2024

Fire-Image-DenseNet (FIDN) for predicting wildfire burnt area using remote sensing data

Bo Pang, Sibo Cheng, Yuhan Huang +5

Predicting the extent of massive wildfires once ignited is essential to reduce the subsequent socioeconomic losses and environmental damage, but challenging because of the complexi…

cs.LG2021

Latent Space Energy-Based Model of Symbol-Vector Coupling for Text Generation and Classification

Bo Pang, Ying Nian Wu

We propose a latent space energy-based prior model for text generation and classification. The model stands on a generator network that generates the text sequence based on a conti…

cs.CL2026

Kimi K2.5: Visual Agentic Intelligence

Kimi Team, Tongtong Bai, Yifan Bai +339

We introduce Kimi K2.5, an open-source multimodal agentic model designed to advance general agentic intelligence. K2.5 emphasizes the joint optimization of text and vision so that…

cs.CL2025

SSR: Socratic Self-Refine for Large Language Model Reasoning

Haizhou Shi, Ye Liu, Bo Pang +6

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning abilities, yet existing test-time frameworks often rely on coarse self-verification and self-correction, limitin…

cs.CV2020

Single Image Deraining via Scale-space Invariant Attention Neural Network

Bo Pang, Deming Zhai, Junjun Jiang +1

Image enhancement from degradation of rainy artifacts plays a critical role in outdoor visual computing systems. In this paper, we tackle the notion of scale that deals with visual…

cs.LG2026

Global River Forecasting with a Topology-Informed AI Foundation Model

Hancheng Ren, Gang Zhao, Shuo Wang +11

River systems operate as inherently interconnected continuous networks, meaning river hydrodynamic simulation ought to be a systemic process. However, widespread hydrology data sca…

cs.CL2025

Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities

Gheorghe Comanici, Eric Bieber, Mike Schaekermann +3431

In this report, we introduce the Gemini 2.X model family: Gemini 2.5 Pro and Gemini 2.5 Flash, as well as our earlier Gemini 2.0 Flash and Flash-Lite models. Gemini 2.5 Pro is our…

eess.IV2025

Electromagnetic Quantitative Inversion for Translationally Moving Targets via Phase Correlation Registration of Back-Projection Images

Yitao Lin, Dahai Dai, Shilong Sun +2

A novel electromagnetic quantitative inversion scheme for translationally moving targets via phase correlation registration of back-projection (BP) images is proposed. Based on a t…

cs.DB2012

An Analysis of Structured Data on the Web

Nilesh Dalvi, Ashwin Machanavajjhala, Bo Pang

In this paper, we analyze the nature and distribution of structured data on the Web. Web-scale information extraction, or the problem of creating structured tables using extraction…

cs.CV2025

Temporal Consistency Constrained Transferable Adversarial Attacks with Background Mixup for Action Recognition

Ping Li, Jianan Ni, Bo Pang

Action recognition models using deep learning are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which are transferable across other models trained on the same data modality. Existing transfe…

cs.LG2025

Latent Plan Transformer for Trajectory Abstraction: Planning as Latent Space Inference

Deqian Kong, Dehong Xu, Minglu Zhao +6

In tasks aiming for long-term returns, planning becomes essential. We study generative modeling for planning with datasets repurposed from offline reinforcement learning. Specifica…

cs.CV2025

MetaWild: A Multimodal Dataset for Animal Re-Identification with Environmental Metadata

Yuzhuo Li, Di Zhao, Tingrui Qiao +3

Identifying individual animals within large wildlife populations is essential for effective wildlife monitoring and conservation efforts. Recent advancements in computer vision hav…

cs.LG2025

Text Detoxification: Data Efficiency, Semantic Preservation and Model Generalization

Jing Yu, Yibo Zhao, Jiapeng Zhu +4

The widespread dissemination of toxic content on social media poses a serious threat to both online environments and public discourse, highlighting the urgent need for detoxificati…

eess.SY2022

Learning-Based Adaptive Optimal Control of Linear Time-Delay Systems: A Policy Iteration Approach

Leilei Cui, Bo Pang, Zhong-Ping Jiang

This paper studies the adaptive optimal control problem for a class of linear time-delay systems described by delay differential equations (DDEs). A crucial strategy is to take adv…

cs.CL2023

Non-Intrusive Adaptation: Input-Centric Parameter-efficient Fine-Tuning for Versatile Multimodal Modeling

Yaqing Wang, Jialin Wu, Tanmaya Dabral +8

Large language models (LLMs) and vision language models (VLMs) demonstrate excellent performance on a wide range of tasks by scaling up parameter counts from O(10^9) to O(10^{12})…

cs.CV2020

Complex Sequential Understanding through the Awareness of Spatial and Temporal Concepts

Bo Pang, Kaiwen Zha, Hanwen Cao +3

Understanding sequential information is a fundamental task for artificial intelligence. Current neural networks attempt to learn spatial and temporal information as a whole, limite…

cs.AI2025

VibraVerse: A Large-Scale Geometry-Acoustics Alignment Dataset for Physically-Consistent Multimodal Learning

Bo Pang, Chenxi Xu, Jierui Ren +2

Understanding the physical world requires perceptual models grounded in physical laws rather than mere statistical correlations. However, existing multimodal learning frameworks, f…

cs.GR2026

OctaOctree Neural Radiosity for Real-time Glossy Material Rendering

Jierui Ren, Haojie Jin, Bo Pang +4

Modeling high-frequency outgoing radiance distributions remains a fundamental challenge in global illumination, especially for glossy and specular materials. Existing neural-based…

cs.CV2021

Understanding Guided Image Captioning Performance across Domains

Edwin G. Ng, Bo Pang, Piyush Sharma +1

Image captioning models generally lack the capability to take into account user interest, and usually default to global descriptions that try to balance readability, informativenes…

cs.CV2020

Joint Training of Variational Auto-Encoder and Latent Energy-Based Model

Tian Han, Erik Nijkamp, Linqi Zhou +3

This paper proposes a joint training method to learn both the variational auto-encoder (VAE) and the latent energy-based model (EBM). The joint training of VAE and latent EBM are b…

cs.CV2023

Learning Probabilistic Models from Generator Latent Spaces with Hat EBM

Mitch Hill, Erik Nijkamp, Jonathan Mitchell +2

This work proposes a method for using any generator network as the foundation of an Energy-Based Model (EBM). Our formulation posits that observed images are the sum of unobserved…

cs.LG2023

BigIssue: A Realistic Bug Localization Benchmark

Paul Kassianik, Erik Nijkamp, Bo Pang +2

As machine learning tools progress, the inevitable question arises: How can machine learning help us write better code? With significant progress being achieved in natural language…