papers

Publications (73)

cs.CL2026

A Controlled Study of Decoding-Time Truthfulness Methods on Instruction-Tuned LLMs

Ao Sun

Decoding-time truthfulness methods -- layer-contrast decoding, inference-time intervention, and learned logit adapters -- have demonstrated 10-30 point gains on TruthfulQA when app…

cs.CE2022

Backtesting Trading Strategies with GAN To Avoid Overfitting

Ao Sun, Yuh-Dauh Lyuu

Many works have shown the overfitting hazard of selecting a trading strategy based only on good IS (in sample) performance. But most of them have merely shown such phenomena exist…

cs.CL2026

CuMA: Aligning LLMs with Sparse Cultural Values via Demographic-Aware Mixture of Adapters

Ao Sun, Xiaoyu Wang, Zhe Tan +4

As Large Language Models (LLMs) serve a global audience, alignment must transition from enforcing universal consensus to respecting cultural pluralism. We demonstrate that dense mo…

math.DG2020

Sharp Entropy Bounds for Plane Curves and Dynamics of the Curve Shortening Flow

Julius Baldauf, Ao Sun

We prove that a closed immersed plane curve with total curvature has entropy at least times the entropy of the embedded circle, as long as it generates a type I singular…

cs.LG2025

CoPRIS: Efficient and Stable Reinforcement Learning via Concurrency-Controlled Partial Rollout with Importance Sampling

Zekai Qu, Yinxu Pan, Ao Sun +2

Reinforcement learning (RL) post-training has become a trending paradigm for enhancing the capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Most existing RL systems for LLMs operate i…

stat.AP2026

How Does LLM Help Regional CPI Forecast: An LLM-powered Deep Panel Modeling Framework

Tianchen Gao, Ao Sun, Yurou Wang +2

Understanding regional Consumer Price Index (CPI) dynamics is essential for timely and effective economic policymaking. However, traditional modeling procedures typically rely only…

cs.DC2026

StateFlow: Sequence Pipeline Parallelism for Long-Context Modeling with Linear Recurrence

Wenxuan Zhao, Yingfa Chen, Xu Han +7

Long-context training is increasingly important for large language models, and linear attention and state space models have become popular for improving long-context efficiency. Ho…

math.DG2023

Rigidity of spherical product Ricci solitons

Ao Sun, Jonathan J. Zhu

We show that is isolated as a shrinking Ricci soliton in the space of metrics, up to scaling and diffeomorphism. We also prove the same rigidity for ,…

cs.CL2026

The Score Granularity Gap in Black-Box LLM Classification: A Comparative Study of Confidence Constructions

Ao Sun, Tian Sun, Jiaxing Geng

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as black-box classifiers in pipelines that automate confident decisions and route uncertain ones to human review. Such select…

math.DG2018

Compactness of Constant Mean Curvature Surfaces in Three Manifold with Positive Ricci Curvature

Ao Sun

In this paper we prove a compactness theorem for constant mean curvature surfaces with area and genus bound in three manifold with positive Ricci curvature. As an application, we g…

quant-ph2025

High-rate continuous-variable quantum key distribution over 100 km fiber with composable security

Heng Wang, Yang Li, Ting Ye +14

Quantum key distribution (QKD), providing a way to generate secret keys with information-theoretic security,is arguably one of the most significant achievements in quantum informat…

math.ST2025

BASIC: Bipartite Assisted Spectral-clustering for Identifying Communities in Large-scale Networks

Tianchen Gao, Jingyuan Liu, Rui Pan +1

Community detection, which focuses on recovering the group structure within networks, is a crucial and fundamental task in network analysis. However, the detection process can be q…

math.DG2020

Bifurcation of perturbations of non-generic closed self-shrinkers

Zhengjiang Lin, Ao Sun

We discover a bifurcation of the perturbations of non-generic closed self-shrinkers. If the generic perturbation is outward, then the next mean curvature flow singularity is cylind…

math.DG2021

On the Entropy of Parabolic Allen-Cahn Equation

Ao Sun

We define a (mean curvature flow) entropy for Radon measures in or in a compact manifold. Moreover, we prove a monotonicity formula of the entropy of the measures as…

math.DG2021

Codimension Bounds and Rigidity of Ancient Mean Curvature Flows by the Tangent Flow at

Douglas Stryker, Ao Sun

Motivated by the limiting behavior of an explicit class of compact ancient curve shortening flows, we prove codimension bounds for ancient mean curvature flows by their tangent flo…

quant-ph2025

An effcient variational quantum Korkin-Zolotarev algorithm for solving shortest vector problems

Xiaokai Hou, Guoqing Zhou, Shan Jin +5

Noisy intermediate-scale quantum cryptanalysis focuses on the capability of near-term quantum devices to solve the mathematical problems underlying cryptography, and serves as a co…

cs.DC2025

BurstEngine: an Efficient Distributed Framework for Training Transformers on Extremely Long Sequences of over 1M Tokens

Ao Sun, Weilin Zhao, Xu Han +4

Existing methods for training LLMs on long-sequence data, such as Tensor Parallelism and Context Parallelism, exhibit low Model FLOPs Utilization as sequence lengths and number of…

math.DG2025

On mean curvature flow translators with prescribed ends

Ao Sun, Zhihan Wang

Given a smooth closed embedded self-shrinker with index in , we construct an -dimensional family of complete translators polynomially asymptotic to $S\ti…

math.DG2017

Carleman Estimate for Surface in Euclidean Space at Infinity

Ao Sun

This paper develops a Carleman type estimate for immersed surface in Euclidean space at infinity. With this estimate, we obtain an unique continuation property for harmonic functio…

math.PR2024

On the probability of a Pareto record

James Allen Fill, Ao Sun

Given a sequence of independent random vectors taking values in and having common continuous distribution function , say that the observ…

cs.RO2025

NavigateDiff: Visual Predictors are Zero-Shot Navigation Assistants

Yiran Qin, Ao Sun, Yuze Hong +2

Navigating unfamiliar environments presents significant challenges for household robots, requiring the ability to recognize and reason about novel decoration and layout. Existing r…

math.DG2021

Initial Perturbation of the Mean Curvature Flow for closed limit shrinker

Ao Sun, Jinxin Xue

This is a contribution to the program of dynamical approach to mean curvature flow initiated by Colding and Minicozzi. In this paper, we prove two main theorems. The first one is l…

math.DG2020

Entropy in A Closed Manifold and Partial Regularity of Mean Curvature Flow Limit of Surfaces

Ao Sun

Inspired by the idea of Colding-Minicozzi in [CM1], we define (mean curvature flow) entropy for submanifolds in a general ambient Riemannian manifold. In particular, this entropy i…

math.DG2018

Compactness and Rigidity of -Surfaces

Ao Sun

In this paper we develop the compactness theorem for -surface in with uniform , genus, and area growth. This theorem can be viewed as a generalization of Cold…

cs.DC2026

InfiniPipe: Elastic Pipeline Parallelism for Efficient Variable-Length Long-Context LLM Training

Shiju Wang, Yujie Wang, Ao Sun +5

Long context training is crucial for LLM's context extension. Existing schemes, such as sequence parallelism, incur substantial communication overhead. Pipeline parallelism (PP) re…

cs.CL2025

FR-Spec: Accelerating Large-Vocabulary Language Models via Frequency-Ranked Speculative Sampling

Weilin Zhao, Tengyu Pan, Xu Han +9

Speculative sampling has emerged as an important technique for accelerating the auto-regressive generation process of large language models (LLMs) by utilizing a draft-then-verify…

cs.CR2024

Secure Combination of Untrusted Time information Based on Optimized Dempster-Shafer Theory

Yang Li, Yujie Luo, Yichen Zhang +16

Secure precision time synchronization is important for applications of Cyber-Physical Systems. However, several attacks, especially the Time Delay Attack (TDA), deteriorates the pe…

math.OC2020

Admissibility of solution estimators for stochastic optimization

Amitabh Basu, Tu Nguyen, Ao Sun

We look at stochastic optimization problems through the lens of statistical decision theory. In particular, we address admissibility, in the statistical decision theory sense, of t…

cs.SE2023

"Oops, Did I Just Say That?" Testing and Repairing Unethical Suggestions of Large Language Models with Suggest-Critique-Reflect Process

Pingchuan Ma, Zongjie Li, Ao Sun +1

As the popularity of large language models (LLMs) soars across various applications, ensuring their alignment with human values has become a paramount concern. In particular, given…

cs.AI2025

VoiceAgentEval: A Dual-Dimensional Benchmark for Expert-Level Intelligent Voice-Agent Evaluation of Xbench's Professional-Aligned Series

Pengyu Xu, Shijia Li, Ao Sun +15

We propose OutboundEval, a comprehensive benchmark for evaluating large language models (LLMs) in expert-level intelligent outbound calling scenarios. Unlike existing methods that…

cs.CL2026

NOSA: Native and Offloadable Sparse Attention

Yuxiang Huang, Pengjie Wang, Jicheng Han +9

Decoding throughput improvements from larger inference batches are limited by GPU memory, which is largely consumed by the key-value (KV) cache. Prior training-free KV cache offloa…

math.DG2021

Local Entropy and Generic Multiplicity One Singularities of Mean Curvature Flow of Surfaces

Ao Sun

In this paper we prove that the generic singularities of mean curvature flow of closed embedded surfaces in modeled by closed self-shrinkers with multiplicity has mul…

cs.DC2024

BurstAttention: An Efficient Distributed Attention Framework for Extremely Long Sequences

Ao Sun, Weilin Zhao, Xu Han +4

Effective attention modules have played a crucial role in the success of Transformer-based large language models (LLMs), but the quadratic time and memory complexities of these att…

math.PR2024

Sharpened localization of the trailing point of the Pareto record frontier

James Allen Fill, Daniel Naiman, Ao Sun

For and iid -dimensional observations with independent Exponential coordinates, we revisit the study by Fill and Naiman (Electron. J. Probab…

math.DG2025

Passing through nondegenerate singularities in mean curvature flows

Ao Sun, Zhihan Wang, Jinxin Xue

In this paper, we study the properties of nondegenerate cylindrical singularities of mean curvature flow. We prove they are isolated in spacetime and provide a complete description…

cs.SE2024

How Multi-Modal LLMs Reshape Visual Deep Learning Testing? A Comprehensive Study Through the Lens of Image Mutation

Liwen Wang, Yuanyuan Yuan, Ao Sun +4

Visual deep learning (VDL) systems have shown significant success in real-world applications like image recognition, object detection, and autonomous driving. To evaluate the relia…

math.DG2025

Generic mean curvature flows with cylindrical singularities I: the normal forms and nondegeneracy

Ao Sun, Jinxin Xue

This paper studies the dynamics of mean curvature flow as it approaches a cylindrical singularity. We proved that the rescaled mean curvature flow converging to a smooth generalize…

cs.LG2024

Eliminating Information Leakage in Hard Concept Bottleneck Models with Supervised, Hierarchical Concept Learning

Ao Sun, Yuanyuan Yuan, Pingchuan Ma +1

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) aim to deliver interpretable and interventionable predictions by bridging features and labels with human-understandable concepts. While recent CBMs…

cs.CV2023

Explain Any Concept: Segment Anything Meets Concept-Based Explanation

Ao Sun, Pingchuan Ma, Yuanyuan Yuan +1

EXplainable AI (XAI) is an essential topic to improve human understanding of deep neural networks (DNNs) given their black-box internals. For computer vision tasks, mainstream pixe…

math.DG2026

Closed mean curvature flows with prescribed tangent flows

Jingwen Chen, Tang-Kai Lee, Ao Sun +1

Given an embedded shrinker in that is either closed, asymptotically conical, or a Cartesian product of such a shrinker with , we construct a c…

stat.ME2026

OPTICS: Order-Preserved Test-Inverse Confidence Set for Number of Change-Points

Ao Sun, Jingyuan Liu

Determining the number of change-points is a first-step and fundamental task in change-point detection problems, as it lays the groundwork for subsequent change-point position esti…

cs.LG2026

State Rank Dynamics in Linear Attention LLMs

Ao Sun, Hongtao Zhang, Heng Zhou +9

Linear Attention Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a compelling recurrent formulation that compresses context into a fixed-size state matrix, enabling constant-time inference. How…

stat.ME2025

Biomarker combination based on the Youden index with and without gold standard

Ao Sun, Yanting Li, Xiao-Hua Zhou

In clinical practice, multiple biomarkers are often measured on the same subject for disease diagnosis, and combining them can improve diagnostic accuracy. Existing studies typical…

stat.ME2025

Biomarkers selection and combination based on the weighted Youden index

Ao Sun, Zhanwang Deng, Jiahui Zhao +2

In clinical practice, multiple biomarkers are used for disease diagnosis, but their individual accuracies are often suboptimal, with only a few proving directly relevant. Effective…

math.DG2025

Regularity of cylindrical singular sets of mean curvature flow

Ao Sun, Zhihan Wang, Jinxin Xue

In this paper, we study the -cylindrical singular set of mean curvature flow in for each . We prove that they are locally contained in a -d…

math.AP2018

Min-max minimal disks with free boundary in Riemannian manifolds

Longzhi Lin, Ao Sun, Xin Zhou

In this paper, we establish a min-max theory for constructing minimal disks with free boundary in any closed Riemannian manifold. The main result is an effective version of the par…

cs.CV2026

APB-V: Accelerating Long-Video Understanding via Sequence-Parallelism-aware Approximate Attention

Yuxiang Huang, Mingye Li, Xu Han +7

The efficiency of long-video inference remains a critical bottleneck, mainly due to the dense computation in the prefill stage of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs). Existing methods e…

math.DG2019

Construction of High Codimension Ancient Mean Curvature Flows

Douglas Stryker, Ao Sun

We construct a class of compact ancient solutions to the mean curvature flow in Euclidean space with high codimension. In particular, we construct higher codimensional ancient curv…

cs.CL2025

CHAIR -- Classifier of Hallucination as Improver

Ao Sun

In this work, we introduce CHAIR (Classifier of Hallucination As ImproveR), a supervised framework for detecting hallucinations by analyzing internal logits from each layer of ever…

stat.ML2025

MOSAIC: Minimax-Optimal Sparsity-Adaptive Inference for Change Points in Dynamic Networks

Yingying Fan, Jingyuan Liu, Jinchi Lv +1

We propose a new inference framework, named MOSAIC, for change-point detection in dynamic networks with the simultaneous low-rank and sparse-change structure. We establish the mini…

math.CO2020

Alignment Strength and Correlation for Graphs

Donniell E. Fishkind, Lingyao Meng, Ao Sun +2

When two graphs have a correlated Bernoulli distribution, we prove that the alignment strength of their natural bijection strongly converges to a novel measure of graph correlation…

math.DG2018

Singularities of Mean Curvature Flow of Surfaces with Additional Forces

Ao Sun

In this paper we study the blow up sequence of mean curvature flow of surfaces in with additional forces. We prove that the blow up limit of a mean curvature flow of…

cs.AI2026

RMSWeb: Reflection, Failure-Mode Mining, and Salvage-DS for Web Agent Reinforcement Learning

Chengbo Liu, Lifang Zhou, Ruijie Yan +8

Compact web agents can reduce deployment cost, but training them poses challenges in both data collection and post-SFT reinforcement learning (RL). Successful trajectories are expe…

math.DG2025

Genus one singularities in mean curvature flow

Adrian Chun-Pong Chu, Ao Sun

We show that for certain one-parameter families of initial conditions in , when we run mean curvature flow, a genus one singularity must appear in one of the flows. Mo…

cs.DC2024

Seq1F1B: Efficient Sequence-Level Pipeline Parallelism for Large Language Model Training

Ao Sun, Weilin Zhao, Xu Han +5

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) relies heavily on distributed training strategies, among which pipeline parallelism plays a crucial role. As LLMs' training sequence l…

cs.CV2026

Data-Free Class-Incremental Gesture Recognition with Prototype-Guided Pseudo Feature Replay

Hongsong Wang, Ao Sun, Jie Gui +1

Gesture recognition is an important research area in the field of computer vision. Most gesture recognition efforts focus on close-set scenarios, thereby limiting the capacity to e…

math.DG2019

Compactness of self-shrinkers in with fixed genus

Ao Sun, Zhichao Wang

We prove the compactness of self-shrinkers in with bounded entropy and fixed genus. As a corollary, we show that numbers of ends of such surfaces are uniformly bounde…

quant-ph2024

Integrated high-performance error correction for continuous-variable quantum key distribution

Chuang Zhou, Yang Li, Li Ma +12

An integrated error-correction scheme with high throughput, low frame errors rate (FER) and high reconciliation efficiency under low signal to noise ratio (SNR) is one of the major…

cs.CV2024

SDI-Net: Toward Sufficient Dual-View Interaction for Low-light Stereo Image Enhancement

Linlin Hu, Ao Sun, Shijie Hao +2

Currently, most low-light image enhancement methods only consider information from a single view, neglecting the correlation between cross-view information. Therefore, the enhancem…

math.DG2025

On the long-time limit of the mean curvature flow in closed manifolds

Alexander Mramor, Ao Sun

In this article we show that generally almost regular flows, introduced by Bamler and Kleiner, in closed 3-manifolds will either go extinct in finite time or flow to a collection o…

math.DG2025

Generic Dynamics of Mean Curvature Flows with Asymptotically Conical Singularities

Ao Sun, Jinxin Xue

This is the second paper in the series to study the generic dynamics of mean curvature flows. We study the initial perturbation of mean curvature flows, whose first singularity is…

stat.ME2022

A Generalized Knockoff Procedure for FDR Control in Structural Change Detection

Jingyuan Liu, Ao Sun, Yuan Ke

Controlling false discovery rate (FDR) is crucial for variable selection, multiple testing, among other signal detection problems. In literature, there is certainly no shortage of…

math.DG2020

Multiplicity one for min-max theory in compact manifolds with boundary and its applications

Ao Sun, Zhichao Wang, Xin Zhou

We prove the multiplicity one theorem for min-max free boundary minimal hypersurfaces in compact manifolds with boundary of dimension between 3 and 7 for generic metrics. To approa…

cs.AI2025

ViDove: A Translation Agent System with Multimodal Context and Memory-Augmented Reasoning

Yichen Lu, Wei Dai, Jiaen Liu +9

LLM-based translation agents have achieved highly human-like translation results and are capable of handling longer and more complex contexts with greater efficiency. However, they…

cs.CL2025

InfLLM-V2: Dense-Sparse Switchable Attention for Seamless Short-to-Long Adaptation

Weilin Zhao, Zihan Zhou, Zhou Su +10

Long-sequence processing is a critical capability for modern large language models. However, the self-attention mechanism in the standard Transformer architecture faces severe comp…

math.DG2020

Rigidity and Łojasiewicz inequalities for Clifford self-shrinkers

Ao Sun, Jonathan J. Zhu

We show that the product of two round shrinking spheres is an isolated self-shrinker in any codimension, modulo rotations. Moreover we prove explicit Łojasiewicz inequalities near…

cs.CL2025

MiniCPM4: Ultra-Efficient LLMs on End Devices

MiniCPM Team, Chaojun Xiao, Yuxuan Li +80

This paper introduces MiniCPM4, a highly efficient large language model (LLM) designed explicitly for end-side devices. We achieve this efficiency through systematic innovation in…

cs.SE2023

An adaptable JSON Diff Framework

Ao Sun

In this paper, we present an implementation of JSON-diff framework JYCM, extending the existing framework by introducing the concept of "unordered" comparisons and allowing users t…

stat.ML2025

LLM-Powered CPI Prediction Inference with Online Text Time Series

Yingying Fan, Jinchi Lv, Ao Sun +1

Forecasting the Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an important yet challenging task in economics, where most existing approaches rely on low-frequency, survey-based data. With the rece…

math.DG2025

Mean curvature flow with multiplicity convergence in closed manifolds

Jingwen Chen, Ao Sun

We construct new examples of immortal mean curvature flow of smooth embedded connected hypersurfaces in closed manifolds, which converge to minimal hypersurfaces with multiplicity…

math.DG2024

Existence of minimal hypersurfaces with arbitrarily large area and possible obstructions

James Stevens, Ao Sun

We prove that in a closed Riemannian manifold with dimension between and , either there are minimal hypersurfaces with arbitrarily large area, or there exist uncountably man…

math.DG2025

Mean curvature flow with multiplicity 2 convergence in

Jingwen Chen, Ao Sun

We construct a new example of an immortal mean curvature flow of smooth embedded connected surfaces in , which converges to a plane with multiplicity as time appro…

math.DG2024

Generic regularity of Level Set Flows with spherical singularity

Ao Sun, Jinxin Xue

The sphere is well-known as the only generic compact shrinker for mean curvature flow (MCF). In this paper, we characterize the generic dynamics of MCFs with a spherical singularit…