Publications (244)
Bringing high-spectral resolution to VLT/SPHERE with a fibre coupling to VLT/CRIRES+
A. Vigan, G. P. P. L. Otten, E. Muslimov +9
Atmospheric composition provides essential markers of the most fundamental properties of giant exoplanets, such as their formation mechanism or internal structure. New-generation e…
Differential Rotation in F Stars
A. Reiners
Differential rotation can be detected in single line profiles of stars rotating more rapidly than about km s with the Fourier transform technique. This allo…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Different roads to radii and masses of the target stars
Andreas Schweitzer, V. M. Passegger, C. Cifuentes +28
We determine the radii and masses of 293 nearby, bright M dwarfs of the CARMENES survey. This is the first time that such a large and homogeneous high-resolution (R>80 000) spectro…
CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs VIII. Kinematics in the solar neighbourhood
M. Cortés-Contreras, J. A. Caballero, D. Montes +15
Aims. Our goals are to characterise the kinematic properties and to identify young and old stars among the M dwarfs of the CARMENES input catalogue. Methods. We compiled the spectr…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs -- A deep transfer learning method to determine Teff and [M/H] of target stars
A. Bello-GarcÃa, V. M. Passegger, J. Ordieres-Meré +17
The large amounts of astrophysical data being provided by existing and future instrumentation require efficient and fast analysis tools. Transfer learning is a new technique promis…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Stable radial-velocity variations at the rotation period of AD~Leonis -- A test case study of current limitations to treating stellar activity
D. Kossakowski, M. Kürster, Th. Henning +34
Context: A challenge with radial-velocity (RV) data is disentangling the origin of signals either due to a planetary companion or to stellar activity. In fact, the existence of a p…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Rubidium abundances in nearby cool stars
C. Abia, H. M. Tabernero, S. A. Korotin +25
In this study, abundances of the neutron-capture elements Rb, Sr, and Zr are derived, for the first time, in a sample of nearby M dwarfs. We focus on stars in the metallicity range…
Detection of differential rotation in psi Cap with profile analysis
A. Reiners, J. H. M. M. Schmitt, M. Kuerster
We report detection of differential rotation on the F5 dwarf psi Cap using line profile analysis. The Fourier transform of both FeI lambda 5775 and SiI lambda 5772 are used to obta…
Stellar activity consequence on the retrieved transmission spectra through chromatic Rossiter-McLaughlin observations
S. Boldt, M. Oshagh, S. Dreizler +5
Mostly multiband photometric transit observations have been used so far to retrieve broadband transmission spectra of transiting exoplanets in order to study their atmosphere. An a…
Ionized calcium in the atmospheres of two ultra-hot exoplanets WASP-33b and KELT-9b
F. Yan, N. Casasayas-Barris, K. Molaverdikhani +25
Ultra-hot Jupiters are emerging as a new class of exoplanets. Studying their chemical compositions and temperature structures will improve the understanding of their mass loss rate…
Planetary companions orbiting the M dwarfs GJ 724 and GJ 3988. A CARMENES and IRD collaboration
P. Gorrini, J. Kemmer, S. Dreizler +36
We report the discovery of two exoplanets around the M dwarfs GJ 724 and GJ 3988 using the radial velocity (RV) method. We obtained a total of 153 3.5 m Calar Alto/CARMENES spectra…
Probing the atmosphere of WASP-69 b with low- and high-resolution transmission spectroscopy
S. Khalafinejad, K. Molaverdikhani, J. Blecic +31
Consideration of both low- and high-resolution transmission spectroscopy is key for obtaining a comprehensive picture of exoplanet atmospheres. In studies of transmission spectra,…
Exploring the magnetic field complexity in M dwarfs at the boundary to full convection
D. Shulyak, A. Reiners, U. Seemann +2
Based on detailed spectral synthesis we carry out quantitative measurements of the strength and complexity of surface magnetic fields in the four well-known M-dwarfs GJ 388, GJ 729…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Magnesium and silicon abundances of K7-M5.5 stars
H. M. Tabernero, Y. Shan, J. A. Caballero +13
We present the abundances of magnesium (Mg) and silicon (Si) for 314 dwarf stars with spectral types in the interval K7.0-M5.5 (Teff range ~4200-3050 K) observed with the CARMENES…
Characterisation of the upper atmospheres of HAT-P-32 b, WASP-69 b, GJ 1214 b, and WASP-76 b through their He I triplet absorption
M. Lampón, M. López-Puertas, J. Sanz-Forcada +14
Characterisation of atmospheres undergoing photo-evaporation is key to understanding the formation, evolution, and diversity of planets. However, only a few upper atmospheres that…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Three temperate to warm super-Earths
S. Stock, E. Nagel, J. Kemmer +37
We announce the discovery of two planets orbiting the M dwarfs GJ 251 ( M) and HD 238090 ( M) based on CARMENES radial velocity (RV) d…
A Community Science Case for E-ELT HIRES
R. Maiolino, M. Haehnelt, M. T. Murphy +57
Building on the experience of the high-resolution community with the suite of VLT high-resolution spectrographs, which has been tremendously successful, we outline here the (scienc…
Spectroscopic characterisation of CARMENES target candidates from FEROS, CAFE and HRS high-resolution spectra
V. M. Passegger, A. Reiners, S. V. Jeffers +9
CARMENES (Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exoearths with Near-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrographs) started a new planet survey on M-dwarfs in January thi…
Cloudy with a chance of metals: Indications of CO in the atmosphere of GJ 1214 b from high-resolution K-band spectroscopy
L. Nortmann, D. Cont, F. Lesjak +13
Sub-Neptune exoplanets frequently exhibit muted transmission spectra, with GJ 1214 b being the most prominent example. Following years of intense observing campaigns yielding featu…
CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs II. High-resolution imaging with FastCam
M. Cortes-Contreras, V. J. S. Bejar, J. A. Caballero +12
Aims: We search for low-mass companions of M dwarfs and characterize their multiplicity fraction with the purpose of helping in the selection of the most appropriate targets for th…
Simultaneous photometric and CARMENES spectroscopic monitoring of fast-rotating M dwarf GJ 3270. Discovery of a post-flare corotating feature
E. N. Johnson, S. Czesla, B. Fuhrmeister +33
Context: Active M dwarfs frequently exhibit large flares, which can pose an existential threat to the habitability of any planet in orbit in addition to making said planets more di…
Spectrum radial velocity analyser (SERVAL). High-precision radial velocities and two alternative spectral indicators
M. Zechmeister, A. Reiners, P. J. Amado +18
Context: The CARMENES survey is a high-precision radial velocity (RV) programme that aims to detect Earth-like planets orbiting low-mass stars. Aims: We develop least-squares fitti…
Detection of iron emission lines and a temperature inversion on the dayside of the ultra-hot Jupiter KELT-20b
F. Yan, A. Reiners, E. Pallé +25
Ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) are gas giants with very high equilibrium temperatures. In recent years, multiple chemical species, including various atoms and ions, have been discovered…
The HD 260655 system: Two rocky worlds transiting a bright M dwarf at 10 pc
R. Luque, B. J. Fulton, M. Kunimoto +64
We report the discovery of a multi-planetary system transiting the M0 V dwarf HD 260655 (GJ 239, TOI-4599). The system consists of at least two transiting planets, namely HD 260655…
CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs: III. Rotation and activity from high-resolution spectroscopic observations
S. V. Jeffers, P. Schoefer, A. Lamert +18
CARMENES is a spectrograph for radial velocity surveys of M dwarfs with the aim of detecting Earth-mass planets orbiting in the habitable zones of their host stars. To ensure an op…
Rapid contraction of giant planets orbiting the 20 million-years old star V1298 Tau
A. Suárez Mascareño, M. Damasso, N. Lodieu +41
Current theories of planetary evolution predict that infant giant planets have large radii and very low densities before they slowly contract to reach their final size after about…
CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs V. Luminosities, colours, and spectral energy distributions
C. Cifuentes, J. A. Caballero, M. Cortes-Contreras +15
The relevance of M dwarfs in the search for potentially habitable Earth-sized planets has grown significantly in the last years. In our on-going effort to comprehensively and accur…
Two temperate Earth-mass planets orbiting the nearby star GJ1002
A. Suárez Mascareño, E. González-Ãlvarez, M. R. Zapatero Osorio +42
We report the discovery and characterisation of two Earth-mass planets orbiting in the habitable zone of the nearby M-dwarf GJ~1002 based on the analysis of the radial-velocity (RV…
A search for star-planet interactions in the upsilon Andromedae system at X-ray and optical wavelengths
K. Poppenhaeger, L. F. Lenz, A. Reiners +2
Close-in, giant planets are expected to influence their host stars via tidal or magnetic interaction. But are these effects strong enough in suitable targets known so far to be obs…
Modelling the molecular Zeeman effect in M-dwarfs: methods and first results
D. Shulyak, A. Reiners, S. Wende +3
We present first quantitative results of the surface magnetic field measurements in selected M-dwarfs based on detailed spectra synthesis conducted simultaneously in atomic and mol…
The elusive atmosphere of WASP-12 b / High-resolution transmission spectroscopy with CARMENES
S. Czesla, M. Lampón, D. Cont +19
To date, the hot Jupiter WASP-12 b has been the only planet with confirmed orbital decay. The late F-type host star has been hypothesized to be surrounded by a large structure of c…
An ultra-short-period transiting super-Earth orbiting the M3 dwarf TOI-1685
P. Bluhm, E. Palle, K. Molaverdikhani +51
Dynamical histories of planetary systems, as well as atmospheric evolution of highly irradiated planets, can be studied by characterizing the ultra-short-period planet population,…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Revisiting the GJ 317, GJ 463, and GJ 3512 systems and two newly discovered planets orbiting GJ 9773 and GJ 508.2
J. C. Morales, I. Ribas, S. Reffert +33
Surveys for exoplanets indicate that the occurrence rate of gas giant planets orbiting late-type stars in orbits with periods shorter than 1000 days is lower than in the case of Su…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. The He I infrared triplet lines in PHOENIX models of M2-3 V stars
D. Hintz, B. Fuhrmeister, S. Czesla +25
The He I infrared (IR) line at a vacuum wavelength of 10833 A is a diagnostic for the investigation of atmospheres of stars and planets orbiting them. For the first time, we study…
Two sub-Neptunes around the M dwarf TOI-1470
E. González-Ãlvarez, M. R. Zapatero Osorio, J. A. Caballero +50
Aims. A transiting planet candidate with a sub-Neptune radius orbiting the nearby ( = 51.90.07 pc) M1.5 V star TOI-1470 with a period of 2.5 d was announced by the NA…
TOI-1801 b: A temperate mini-Neptune around a young M0.5 dwarf
M. MallorquÃn, E. Goffo, E. Pallé +79
We report the discovery, mass, and radius determination of TOI-1801 b, a temperate mini-Neptune around a young M dwarf. TOI-1801 b was observed in TESS sectors 22 and 49, and the a…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. The impact of rotation and magnetic fields on the radial velocity jitter in cool stars
H. L. Ruh, M. Zechmeister, A. Reiners +19
Radial velocity (RV) jitter represents an intrinsic limitation on the precision of Doppler searches for exoplanets that can originate from both instrumental and astrophysical sourc…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Wing asymmetries of H, Na I D, and He I lines
B. Fuhrmeister, S. Czesla, J. H. M. M. Schmitt +13
Stellar activity is ubiquitously encountered in M dwarfs and often characterised by the H line. In the most active M dwarfs, H is found in emission, sometimes with a comple…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Variability on long timescales as seen in chromospheric indicators
B. Fuhrmeister, S. Czesla, V. Perdelwitz +19
It is clearly established that the Sun has an 11-year cycle that is caused by its internal magnetic field. This cycle is also observed in a sample of M dwarfs. In the framework of…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs : Understanding the wavelength dependence of radial velocity measurements
S. V. Jeffers, J. R. Barnes, P. Schöfer +22
Context. Current exoplanet surveys are focused on detecting small exoplanets orbiting in the liquid-water habitable zones of their host stars. Despite the recent significant advanc…
CRIRES transmission spectroscopy of WASP-127b. Detection of the resolved signatures of a supersonic equatorial jet and cool poles in a hot planet
L. Nortmann, F. Lesjak, F. Yan +14
General circulation models of gas giant exoplanets predict equatorial jets that drive inhomogeneities in the atmospheric physical parameters across the planetary surface. We studie…
Multiwavelength observations of a giant flare on CN Leonis I. The chromosphere as seen in the optical spectra
B. Fuhrmeister, C. Liefke, J. H. M. M. Schmitt +1
Flares on dM stars contain plasmas at very different temperatures and thus affect a wide wavelength range in the electromagnetic spectrum. While the coronal properties of flares ar…
RedDots: Limits on habitable and undetected planets orbiting nearby stars GJ 832, GJ 674, and Ross 128
F. Liebing, S. V. Jeffers, P. Gorrini +16
Aims. Using HARPS spectroscopic data obtained by the RedDots campaign, as well as archival data from HARPS and CARMENES, supplemented with ASH2 and T90 photometry, we aim to search…
Teff and log g dependence of velocity fields in M-stars
S. Wende, A. Reiners, H. -G. Ludwig
We present an investigation of velocity fields in early to late M-type hydrodynamic stellar atmosphere models. These velocities will be expressed in classical terms of micro- and m…
The IAG spectral atlas of the spatially resolved Sun: Centre-to-limb observations
M. Ellwarth, S. Schäfer, A. Reiners +1
Solar surface magneto-convection appears as granulation pattern that impacts spectral lines in terms of both shape and wavelength. Such induced effects also tend to vary over the o…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs -- A deep learning approach to determine fundamental parameters of target stars
V. M. Passegger, A. Bello-GarcÃa, J. Ordieres-Meré +26
Existing and upcoming instrumentation is collecting large amounts of astrophysical data, which require efficient and fast analysis techniques. We present a deep neural network arch…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Convective shift and starspot constraints from chromatic radial velocities
D. Baroch, J. C. Morales, I. Ribas +26
Context. Variability caused by stellar activity represents a challenge to the discovery and characterization of terrestrial exoplanets and complicates the interpretation of atmosph…
Multiple water band detections in the CARMENES near-infrared transmission spectrum of HD 189733 b
F. J. Alonso-Floriano, A. Sánchez-López, I. A. G. Snellen +27
Aims: We explore the capabilities of CARMENES for characterizing hot-Jupiter atmospheres by targeting multiple water bands, in particular, those at 1.15 and 1.4 m. Hubble Space…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. The He I triplet at 10830 across the M dwarf sequence
B. Fuhrmeister, S. Czesla, L. Hildebrandt +24
The He I infrared (IR) triplet at 10830 AA is an important activity indicator for the Sun and in solar-type stars, however, it has rarely been studied in relation to M dwarfs to da…
Direct evidence of a full dipole flip during the magnetic cycle of a sun-like star
S. Boro Saikia, T. Lueftinger, S. V Jeffers +9
The behaviour of the large-scale dipolar field, during a star's magnetic cycle, can provide valuable insight into the stellar dynamo and associated magnetic field manifestations su…
A giant exoplanet orbiting a very low-mass star challenges planet formation models
J. C. Morales, A. J. Mustill, I. Ribas +179
Statistical analyses from exoplanet surveys around low-mass stars indicate that super-Earth and Neptune-mass planets are more frequent than gas giants around such stars, in agreeme…
A tentative detection of He I in the atmosphere of GJ 1214b
J. Orell-Miquel, F. Murgas, E. Pallé +27
The $\ion{He}{I}$ 10833\, triplet is a powerful tool for characterising the upper atmosphere of exoplanets and tracing possible mass loss. Here, we analysed one transit of GJ\,…
Rapid magnetic flux variability on the flare star CN Leonis
A. Reiners, J. H. M. M. Schmitt, C. Liefke
We present UVES/VLT observations of the nearby flare star CN Leo covering the Wing-Ford FeH band near 1mu with high spectral resolution. Some of the FeH absorption lines in this ba…
Periodic Radio Emission from the M7 Dwarf 2MASS J13142039+1320011: Implications for the Magnetic Field Topology
M. McLean, E. Berger, J. Irwin +2
We present multi-epoch radio and optical observations of the M7 dwarf 2MASS J13142039+1320011. We detect a ~1 mJy source at 1.43, 4.86, 8.46 and 22.5 GHz, making it the most lumino…
Determination of small-scale magnetic fields on Sun-like stars in the near-infrared using CRIRES
A. Hahlin, O. Kochukhov, A. D. Rains +18
We aim to characterise the small-scale magnetic fields for a sample of 16 Sun-like stars and investigate the capabilities of the newly upgraded near-infrared (NIR) instrument CRIRE…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Benchmarking the impact of activity in high-precision radial velocity measurements
S. V. Jeffers, J. R. Barnes, P. Scheofer +17
Current exoplanet surveys using the radial velocity (RV) technique are targeting M dwarfs because any habitable zone terrestrial-mass planets will induce a high RV and orbit on sho…
Red Dots: A temperate 1.5 Earth-mass planet in a compact multi-terrestrial planet system around GJ1061
S. Dreizler, S. V., Jeffers +17
Small low-mass stars are favourable targets for the detection of rocky habitable planets. In particular, planetary systems in the solar neighbourhood are interesting and suitable f…
Detection and characterization of an ultra-dense sub-Neptune planet orbiting the Sun-like star HD 119130
R. Luque, G. Nowak, E. Pallé +51
We present the discovery and characterization of a new transiting planet from Campaign 17 of the Kepler extended mission K2. HD 119130 b is a warm sub-Neptune on a 17-d orbit aroun…
A multi-planetary system orbiting the early-M dwarf TOI-1238
E. González-Ãlvarez, M. R. Zapatero Osorio, J. Sanz-Forcada +53
Two transiting planet candidates with super-Earth radii around the nearby K7--M0 dwarf star TOI-1238 were announced by TESS. We aim to validate their planetary nature using precise…
CARMENES input catalog of M dwarfs VI. A time-resolved Ca II H&K catalog from archival data
V. Perdelwitz, M. Mittag, L. Tal-Or +15
Radial-velocity (RV) jitter caused by stellar magnetic activity is an important factor in state-of-the-art exoplanet discovery surveys such as CARMENES. Stellar rotation, along wit…
Mass and density of the transiting hot and rocky super-Earth LHS 1478 b (TOI-1640 b)
M. G. Soto, G. Anglada-Escudé, S. Dreizler +52
One of the main objectives of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite ({TESS}) mission is the discovery of small rocky planets around relatively bright nearby stars. Here, we rep…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Two temperate Earth-mass planet candidates around Teegarden's Star
M. Zechmeister, S. Dreizler, I. Ribas +182
Context. Teegarden's Star is the brightest and one of the nearest ultra-cool dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood. For its late spectral type (M7.0V), the star shows relatively little…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs - HD 147379b: A nearby Neptune in the temperate zone of an early-M dwarf
A. Reiners, I. Ribas, M. Zechmeister +169
We report on the first star discovered to host a planet detected by radial velocity (RV) observations obtained within the CARMENES survey for exoplanets around M dwarfs. HD 147379…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Two terrestrial planets orbiting G 264-012 and one terrestrial planet orbiting Gl 393
P. J. Amado, F. F. Bauer, C. RodrÃguez López +51
We report the discovery of two planetary systems, namely G 264-012, an M4.0 dwarf with two terrestrial planets ( M and $M_{\rm c…
TOI-1201 b: A mini-Neptune transiting a bright and moderately young M dwarf
D. Kossakowski, J. Kemmer, P. Bluhm +62
We present the discovery of a transiting mini-Neptune around TOI-1201, a relatively bright and moderately young early M dwarf ( 9.5 mag, 600-800 Myr) in an equal-m…
Cold and eccentric: a high-spectral resolution view of 51 Eri b with VLT/HiRISE
A. Denis, A. Vigan, G. Chauvin +35
Discovered almost 10 years ago, the giant planet 51 Eridani b is one of the least separated (0.2 arcsec) and faintest (J = 19.74 mag) directly imaged exoplanets known to date. Its…
Confirmation of an He I evaporating atmosphere around the 650-Myr-old sub-Neptune HD235088 b (TOI-1430 b) with CARMENES
J. Orell-Miquel, M. Lampón, M. López-Puertas +31
HD235088 (TOI-1430) is a young star known to host a sub-Neptune-sized planet candidate. We validated the planetary nature of HD235088 b with multiband photometry, refined its plane…
viper: High-precision radial velocities from the optical to the infrared (Reaching 3 m/s in the K band of CRIRES+ with telluric modelling)
J. Köhler, M. Zechmeister, A. Hatzes +18
In recent years, a number of new instruments and data reduction pipelines have been developed to obtain high-precision radial velocities (RVs). In particular in the optical, consid…
CARMENES detection of the CaII infrared triplet and possible evidence of HeI in the atmosphere of WASP-76b
N. Casasayas-Barris, J. Orell-Miquel, M. Stangret +25
Ultra-hot Jupiters are highly irradiated gas giants with equilibrium temperatures typically higher than 2000K. Atmospheric studies of these planets have shown that their transmissi…
Characterizing Exoplanets in the Visible and Infrared: A Spectrometer Concept for the EChO Space Mission
A. M. Glauser, R. van Boekel, O. Krause +30
Transit-spectroscopy of exoplanets is one of the key observational techniques to characterize the extrasolar planet and its atmosphere. The observational challenges of these measur…
Improved orbital solution and masses for the very low-mass multiple system LHS 1070
A. Seifahrt, T. Roell, R. Neuhaeuser +5
We present a refined orbital solution for the components A, B, and C of the nearby late-M type multiple system LHS 1070. By combining astrometric datapoints from NACO/VLT, CIAO/SUB…
Investigation of transit-selected exoplanet candidates from the MACHO survey
S. D. Huegelmeyer, S. Dreizler, D. Homeier +1
Context: Planets outside our solar system transiting their host star, i. e. those with an orbital inclination near 90 degree, are of special interest to derive physical properties…
Detection of strong activity in the eclipsing binary brown dwarf 2MASSJ05352184-0546085 - A possible explanation for the temperature reversal
A. Reiners, A. Seifahrt, K. G. Stassun +2
We show high resolution spectra of the eclipsing brown dwarf binary 2MASSJ05352184-0546085 taken at the two opposite radial velocity maxima. Comparisons of the TiO bands to model a…
Normal A0--A1 stars with low rotational velocities. I. Abundance determination and classification
F. Royer, M. Gebran, R. Monier +6
Context. The study of rotational velocity distributions for normal stars requires an accurate spectral characterization of the objects in order to avoid polluting the results with…
Detection of CO emission lines in the dayside atmospheres of WASP-33b and WASP-189b with GIANO
F. Yan, E. Pallé, A. Reiners +8
Ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) are expected to possess temperature inversion layers in their dayside atmospheres. Recent thermal emission observations have discovered several atomic and…
Multi-wavelength observations of Proxima Centauri
B. Fuhrmeister, S. Lalitha, K. Poppenhaeger +5
We report simultaneous observations of the nearby flare star Proxima Centauri with VLT/UVES and XMM-Newton over three nights in March 2009. Our optical and X-ray observations cover…
A super-Earth on a close-in orbit around the M1V star GJ 740. A HADES and CARMENES collaboration
B. Toledo-Padrón, A. Suárez Mascareño, J. I. González Hernández +23
M-dwarfs have proven to be ideal targets for planetary radial velocity (RV) searches due to their higher planet-star mass contrast. The HADES and CARMENES programs aim to carry out…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs, Wolf 1069 b: Earth-mass planet in the habitable zone of a nearby, very low-mass star
D. Kossakowski, M. Kürster, T. Trifonov +47
We present the discovery of an Earth-mass planet () on a 15.6d orbit of a relatively nearby (9.6pc) and low-mass () M…
Discovery and mass measurement of the hot, transiting, Earth-sized planet GJ 3929 b
J. Kemmer, S. Dreizler, D. Kossakowski +64
We report the discovery of GJ 3929 b, a hot Earth-sized planet orbiting the nearby M3.5 V dwarf star, GJ 3929 (G 180--18, TOI-2013). Joint modelling of photometric observations fro…
Precise mass and radius of a transiting super-Earth planet orbiting the M dwarf TOI-1235: a planet in the radius gap?
P. Bluhm, R. Luque, N. Espinoza +78
We report the confirmation of a transiting planet around the bright, inactive M0.5 V star TOI-1235 (TYC 4384-1735-1, V = 11.5 mag), whose transit signal was detected in the photome…
Retrieval of the dayside atmosphere of WASP-43b with CRIRES+
F. Lesjak, L. Nortmann, F. Yan +15
Accurately estimating the C/O ratio of hot Jupiter atmospheres is a promising pathway towards understanding planet formation and migration, as well as the formation of clouds and t…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Mapping stellar activity indicators across the M dwarf domain
M. Lafarga, I. Ribas, A. Reiners +19
Stellar activity poses one of the main obstacles for the detection and characterisation of small exoplanets around cool stars, as it can induce radial velocity (RV) signals that ca…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs -- LP 714-47b (TOI 442.01): Populating the Neptune desert
S. Dreizler, I., J. +134
We report the discovery of a Neptune-like planet (LP 714-47 b, P = 4.05204 d, m_b = 30.8 +/- 1.5 M_earth , R_b = 4.7 +/- 0.3 R_earth ) located in the 'hot Neptune desert'. Confirma…
CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs IV. New rotation periods from photometric time series
E. Diez Alonso, J. A. Caballero, D. Montes +21
Aims. The main goal of this work is to measure rotation periods of the M-type dwarf stars being observed by the CARMENES exoplanet survey to help distinguish radial-velocity signal…
3D simulations of M star atmosphere velocities and their influence on molecular FeH lines
S. Wende, A. Reiners, H. -G. Ludwig
We present an investigation of the velocity fields in early to late M-type star hydrodynamic models, and we simulate their influence on FeH molecular line shapes. The M star model…
The activity and rotation limit in the Hyades
U. Seemann, A. Reiners, A. Seifahrt +1
We conduct a study of K to M type stars to investigate the activity and the rotation limit in the Hyades. We use a sample of 40 stars in this intermediate-age cluster (~625 Myr) to…
Discovery of a transiting hot water-world candidate orbiting Ross 176 with TESS and CARMENES
S. GeraldÃa-González, J. Orell-Miquel, E. Pallé +30
The case of Ross 176 is a late K-type star that hosts a promising water-world candidate planet. The star has a radius of =0.5690.020 and a mass of …
Is it possible to detect planets around young active G and K dwarfs?
S. V. Jeffers, J. R. Barnes, H. R. A. Jones +3
Theoretical predictions suggest that the distribution of planets in very young stars could be very different to that typically observed in Gyr old systems that are the current focu…
The First Direct Measurements of Magnetic Fields on Very Low-Mass Stars
A. Reiners, G. Basri
We present the first direct magnetic field measurements on M dwarfs cooler than spectral class M4.5. Utilizing a new method based on the effects of a field on the FeH band near 1 m…
Concept and optical design of the cross-disperser module for CRIRES+
E. Oliva, A. Tozzi, D. Ferruzzi +31
CRIRES, the ESO high resolution infrared spectrometer, is a unique instrument which allows astronomers to access a parameter space which up to now was largely uncharted. In its cur…
Evidence for Magnetic Flux Saturation in Rapidly Rotating M Stars
A. Reiners, G. Basri, M. Browning
We present magnetic flux measurements in seven rapidly rotating M dwarfs. Our sample stars have X-ray and H-alpha emission indicative of saturated emission, i.e., emission at a hig…
Observing the integrated and spatially resolved Sun with ultra-high spectral resolution
S. Schäfer, K. Royen, A. Huster Zapke +2
The Institute for Astrophysics Göttingen operates a solar observatory that combines a 50\,cm siderostat with (1) a vacuum vertical telescope, (2) a very high resolution Fourier Tr…
Retrieving day- and nightside atmospheric properties of the ultra-hot Jupiter TOI-2109b. Detection of Fe and CO emission lines and evidence for inefficient heat transport
D. Cont, L. Nortmann, F. Lesjak +32
The ultra-hot Jupiter (UHJ) TOI-2109b marks the lower edge of the equilibrium temperature gap between 3500 K and 4500 K, an unexplored thermal regime that separates KELT-9b, the ho…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Rotational variation in activity indicators of Ross 318, YZ CMi, TYC 3529-1437-1, and EV Lac
P. Schöfer, S. V. Jeffers, A. Reiners +22
The CARMENES instrument is searching for periodic radial-velocity (RV) variations of M dwarfs, which are induced by orbiting planets. However, there are other potential sources of…
Orbital motion and dynamical mass of the complex periodic variable binary system 2MASS J05082729-2101444
S. Curiel, G. N. Ortiz-León, V. J. S. Béjar +22
We used very long baseline interferometry to constrain the orbit of the binary system 2MASS J05082729-2101444. We observed the system with the VLBA in three epochs at a frequency o…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Occurrence rates of Earth-like planets around very low-mass stars
A. Kaminski, S. Sabotta, J. Kemmer +24
Aims: Previous estimates of planet occurrence rates in the CARMENES survey indicated increased numbers of planets on short orbits for M dwarfs with masses below 0.34\,M. He…
Teff and logg dependence of FeH in M-dwarfs
S. Wende, A. Reiners, H. G. Ludwig
We present synthetic FeH band spectra in the z-filter range for several M-dwarf models with logg=3.0-5.0 [cgs] and Teff=2800K -3450K. Our aim is to characterize convective velociti…
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Variability of the He I line at 10830 Ã
B. Fuhrmeister, S. Czesla, L. Hildebrandt +23
The He I infrared (IR) triplet at 10830 Ã is known as an activity indicator in solar-type stars and has become a primary diagnostic in exoplanetary transmission spectroscopy. He I…
A coronal explosion on the flare star CN Leonis
J. H. M. M. Schmitt, F. Reale, C. Liefke +4
We present simultaneous high-temporal and high-spectral resolution observations at optical and soft X-ray wavelengths of the nearby flare star CN Leo. During our observing campaign…
MOSES -- The MONET Star and Exoplanet Spectrograph
S. Schäfer, L. Schmidt, H. Anwand-Heerwart +2
We introduce MOSES, the new High-Resolution Echelle Spectrograph designated for the 1.2m MONET telescope at McDonald Observatory, Texas, USA. The science drivers are radial velocit…