HCO${}^{+}$ and the Effect of Mixing in SN 1987A

Abstract

We present high angular resolution observations of the HCO${}^{+}$ emission in the central ejecta of the supernova remnant SN 1987A using the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). We use this to infer the degree and type of mixing required within the ejecta in order to form HCO${}^{+}$. The distribution of the $J=3-2$ HCO${}^{+}$ emission is co-spatial with that of the $J=2-1$ CO emission, with an overlap between their brightest peaks. The correlation between the two molecules is strong and suggests that HCO${}^{+}$ could form from reactions involving CO. We obtain additional observations of the $J=4-3$ HCO${}^{+}$ emission to calculate the mass of HCO${}^{+}$. The estimated HCO${}^{+}$ mass is $3\text{–}9\times 10^{-6}{M}_{\odot }$. The relatively large fractional abundance of HCO${}^{+}$ with respect to CO ($M_{{\mathrm{HCO}}^{+}}/M_{\mathrm{CO}}=3\times 10^{-6}\text{–}3\times 10^{-4}$) suggests that a moderate amount of hydrogen was mixed into the carbon- and oxygen-rich nuclear zones of the ejecta prior to and during the supernova explosion, in addition to large-scale macroscopic mixing.

14 pages; MNRAS accepted