Spatially Adaptive SWIPT with Pinching Antenna under Probabilistic LoS Blockage

Abstract

This paper considers a power-splitting (PS)-based simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system employing a reconfigurable pinching antenna (PA) under probabilistic line-of-sight (LoS) blockage. We formulate a joint optimization of the PA position and PS ratio to maximize the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the user, subject to its average energy harvesting (EH) and PA placement range. We derive the closed-form solution. Results show that the EH requirement has a deterministic impact on the optimal PA position and its feasible region, requiring the PA close to the user for large channel gain. Moreover, stronger waveguide attenuation lowers the overall SNR and shifts the optimal PA toward the feed point, while heavier LoS blockage degrades the SNR uniformly with little change in the optimal PA position. Spatial PA adaptation combined with dynamic PS ensures robust SWIPT performance, and mechanical reconfigurability enhances sustainability by guaranteeing energy feasibility in dynamic environments.

6 pages, 3 figures