Quantum Spin Glass in the Two-Dimensional Disordered Heisenberg Model via Foundation Neural-Network Quantum States

Abstract

We investigate the two-dimensional frustrated quantum Heisenberg model with bond disorder on nearest-neighbor couplings using the recently introduced Foundation Neural-Network Quantum States framework, which enables accurate and efficient computation of disorder-averaged observables with a single variational optimization. Simulations on large lattices reveal an extended region of the phase diagram where conventional magnetic long-range order vanishes in the thermodynamic limit, while the Edwards-Anderson order parameter remains finite, signaling the emergence of a quantum spin-glass phase. These findings, supported by a semiclassical analysis based on a large-spin expansion, provide compelling evidence that the spin glass-order is stable against quantum fluctuations, unlike the classical case where it disappears at any finite temperature.

22 pages (including Supplemental Material), 10 figures