Testing strong-field QED to second-order in the highly correlated atomic system berylliumlike Pb78+ by electron-ion recombination spectroscopy

Abstract

A low-energy storage ring with an ultracold electron cooler has been coupled with a heavy-ion accelerator facilitating high-resolution electron-ion collision spectroscopy of the heaviest few-electron ions. In the present work resonant electron-ion recombination of berylliumlike Pb${}^{78+}$ ions was measured in the collision-energy range 9.3-16.5eV and a value of 244.937(30) eV is derived for the Pb${}^{78+}$($2s^2{}^1{S}_0-2s2p{}^3{P}_1$) excitation energy. This result agrees with the most recent (less accurate) theoretical value of 244.942(52) eV [Malyshev et al., Physical Review A 110, 062824 (2024)], which has been calculated by applying strong-field QED rigorously up to the second order. The present investigation suggests that further technical improvements can potentially increase the experimental accuracy by an order of magnitude.

8 pages, 3 figures