Three Warm Jupiters around Solar-analog stars detected with TESS

Abstract

We report the discovery and characterization of three giant exoplanets orbiting solar-analog stars, detected by the \tess space mission and confirmed through ground-based photometry and radial velocity (RV) measurements taken at La Silla observatory with \textit{FEROS}. TOI-2373\,b is a warm Jupiter orbiting its host star every $\sim$ 13.3 days, and is one of the two most massive known exoplanet with a precisely determined mass and radius around a star similar to the Sun, with an estimated mass of m${}_p$ = $9.3_{-0.2}^{+0.2}{M}_{\mathrm{jup}}$, and a radius of $r_p$ = $0.93_{-0.2}^{+0.2}{R}_{\mathrm{jup}}$. With a mean density of $\ddot{I}=14.4_{-1.0}^{+0.9}{\mathrm{g}\mathrm{cm}}^{-3}$, TOI-2373\,b is among the densest planets discovered so far. TOI-2416\,b orbits its host star on a moderately eccentric orbit with a period of $\sim$ 8.3 days and an eccentricity of $e$ = $0.32_{-0.02}^{+0.02}$. TOI-2416\,b is more massive than Jupiter with $m_p$ = 3.0${}_{-0.09}^{+0.10}{M}_{\mathrm{jup}}$, however is significantly smaller with a radius of $r_p$ = $0.88_{-0.02}^{+0.02},R_{\mathrm{jup}}$, leading to a high mean density of $\ddot{I}=5.4_{-0.3}^{+0.3}{\mathrm{g}\mathrm{cm}}^{-3}$. TOI-2524\,b is a warm Jupiter near the hot Jupiter transition region, orbiting its star every $\sim$ 7.2 days on a circular orbit. It is less massive than Jupiter with a mass of $m_p$ = $0.64_{-0.04}^{+0.04}{M}_{\mathrm{jup}}$, and is consistent with an inflated radius of $r_p$ = $1.00_{-0.03}^{+0.02}{R}_{\mathrm{jup}}$, leading to a low mean density of $\ddot{I}=0.79_{-0.08}^{+0.08}{\mathrm{g}\mathrm{cm}}^{-3}$. The newly discovered exoplanets TOI-2373\,b, TOI-2416\,b, and TOI-2524\,b have estimated equilibrium temperatures of $860_{-10}^{+10}$ K, $1080_{-10}^{+10}$ K, and $1100_{-20}^{+20}$ K, respectively, placing them in the sparsely populated transition zone between hot and warm Jupiters.