Excitations of the One Dimensional Bose-Einstein Condensates in a Random Potential

Abstract

We examine bosons hopping on a one-dimensional lattice in the presence of a random potential at zero temperature. Bogoliubov excitations of the Bose-Einstein condensate formed under such conditions are localized, with the localization length diverging at low frequency as $\ell (\ddot{I}‰)\sim 1/\ddot{I}{‰}^{\hat{I}}\pm$. We show that the well known result $\hat{I}\pm =2$ applies only for sufficiently weak random potential. As the random potential is increased beyond a certain strength, $\hat{I}\pm$ starts decreasing. At a critical strength of the potential, when the system of bosons is at the transition from a superfluid to an insulator, $\hat{I}\pm =1$. This result is relevant for understanding the behavior of the atomic Bose-Einstein condensates in the presence of random potential, and of the disordered Josephson junction arrays.