Publications (78)
The VIMOS VLT Deep Survey - First epoch VVDS-Deep survey: 11564 spectra with 17.5<=IAB<=24, and the redshift distribution over 0< z <=5
O. Le Fevre, G. Vettolani, B. Garilli +41
This paper presents the ``First Epoch'' sample from the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey (VVDS). The VVDS goals, observations, data reduction with VIPGI, and redshift measurement with KBRED a…
Cosmic dance in the Shapley Concentration Core II. The uGMRT-MeerKAT view of filaments in the brightest cluster galaxies and tailed radio galaxies in the A3528 cluster complex
G. Di Gennaro, T. Venturi, S. Giacintucci +12
Superclusters are the largest-scale environments where a number of galaxy clusters interact with each other through minor/major mergers and grow via accretion along cosmic filament…
Shapley Optical Survey. I: Luminosity Functions in the Supercluster Environment
A. Mercurio, P. Merluzzi, C. P. Haines +6
We present the Shapley Optical Survey, a photometric study covering a 2 deg^2 region of the Shapley Supercluster core at z ~ 0.05 in two bands (B and R). The galaxy sample is compl…
NIR Follow-Up of the VVDS 02hr Field
S. Temporin, A. Iovino, H. J. McCracken +46
We present a new K-band survey covering 623 arcmin in the VVDS 0226-0430 deep field down to a limiting magnitude K 20.5. We use the spectroscopic sample ex…
Early versus late type galaxies in compact groups
A. A. Shaker, G. Longo, P. Merluzzi
We find a strong correlation between the effective radius of the largest early-type galaxies in compact groups of galaxies and the velocity dispersion of the groups. The lack of a…
Shapley Supercluster Survey (ShaSS): Galaxy Evolution from Filaments to Cluster Cores
P. Merluzzi, G. Busarello, C. P. Haines +11
We present an overview of a multi-wavelength survey of the Shapley supercluster (SSC; z~0.05) covering a contiguous area of 260 h^-2_70 Mpc^2 including the supercluster core. The p…
The cosmic star formation rate evolution from z=5 to z=0 from the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey
L. Tresse, O. Ilbert, E. Zucca +45
We present the evolution of the comoving SFR density in the redshift range 0 < z < 5 using the first epoch data release of the VVDS, that is 11564 spectra selected at I_AB=24 over…
Evidence for environment-dependent galaxy Luminosity Function up to z=1.5 in the VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey
O. Ilbert, O. Cucciati, C. Marinoni +48
We measure the evolution of the galaxy Luminosity Function as a function of large-scale environment up to z=1.5 from the VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey (VVDS) first epoch data. The 3D galax…
Neutral Hydrogen in the Shapley Supercluster Core I: Environmental Effects on Gas Content and Galaxy Evolution
L. Gwebushe, T. Venturi, P. Merluzzi +5
We study the atomic Hydrogen (HI) content of galaxies in the core of the Shapley Supercluster (SSC) at <z> ~ 0.048, using observations from the MeerKAT Galaxy Cluster Legacy Survey…
Shapley Supercluster Survey: Ram-Pressure Stripping vs. Tidal Interactions in the Shapley Supercluster
P. Merluzzi, G. Busarello, M. A. Dopita +4
We present two new examples of galaxies undergoing transformation in the Shapley supercluster core. These low-mass (stellar mass from 0.4E10 to 1E10 Msun) galaxies are members of t…
Structure and kinematics of the peculiar galaxy NGC 128
M. D'Onofrio, M. Capaccioli, P. Merluzzi +3
This is a multiband photometric and spectroscopic study of the peculiar S0 galaxy NGC128. We present results from broad (B and R) and narrow band optical CCD photometry, near (NIR)…
UV-IR luminosity functions and stellar mass functions of galaxies in the Shapley supercluster core
A. Mercurio, C. P. Haines, P. Merluzzi +4
We present a panchromatic study of luminosity functions (LFs) and stellar mass functions (SMFs) of galaxies in the core of the Shapley supercluster at z=0.048, in order to investig…
Global Properties of the Rich Cluster ABCG 209 at z~0.2. Spectroscopic and Photometric Catalogue
A. Mercurio, F. La Barbera, C. P. Haines +3
This paper is aimed at giving an overview of the global properties of the rich cluster of galaxies ABCG 209. This is achieved by complementing the already available data with new m…
Evolution of UV -- NIR Structural Properties of Cluster Galaxies
F. La Barbera, G. Busarello, M. Massarotti +2
We study the structure and the internal colour gradients of cluster galaxies from UV to NIR restframe, in the redshift range z=0.21-0.64. Structural parameters (half light radius r…
The VIRMOS-VLT Deep Survey
O. Le Fèvre, G. Vettolani, D. Maccagni +30
The aim of the VIRMOS VLT Deep Survey (VVDS) is to study of the evolution of galaxies, large scale structures and AGNs from a sample of more than 150,000 galaxies with measured red…
A candle in the wind: a radio filament in the core of the A3562 galaxy cluster
S. Giacintucci, T. Venturi, M. Markevitch +8
Using a MeerKAT observation of the galaxy cluster A3562 (a member of the Shapley Supercluster), we have discovered a narrow, long and straight, very faint radio filament, which bra…
Galaxy evolution as a function of environment and luminosity
A. Mercurio, C. P. Haines, A. Gargiulo +3
We present an analysis of star formation and nuclear activity of about 28000 galaxies in a volume-limited sample taken from SDSS DR4 low-redshift catalogue (LRC) taken from the New…
On the Invariant Distribution of Galaxies in the re--mie plane out to z = 0.64
F. La Barbera, G. Busarello, P. Merluzzi +2
We study the evolution of the relation between half-light (effective) radius, r_e, and mean surface brightness, mi_e, known as Kormendy relation, out to redshift z=0.64 in V-band r…
The Colour-Magnitude Relation and the Age of Galaxies in the Cluster AC118 at z=0.31
P. Merluzzi, G. Busarello, M. Massarotti +1
We derive the Colour-Magnitude (CM) relation for the galaxy cluster AC118 at z=0.31 and use this relation to set constraints on the formation epoch and on the age spread of cluster…
Shapley Supercluster Survey: Construction of the Photometric Catalogues and i-band Data Release
A. Mercurio, P. Merluzzi, G. Busarello +10
The Shapley Supercluster Survey is a multi-wavelength survey covering an area of ~23 deg^2 (~260 Mpc^2 at z=0.048) around the supercluster core, including nine Abell and two poor c…
UV--NIR Restframe Luminosity Functions of the Galaxy Cluster EIS0048 at z~0.64
M. Massarotti, G. Busarello, F. La Barbera +1
We derive the galaxy luminosity functions in V, R, I, and K bands of the cluster EIS 0048 at z~0.64 from data taken at the ESO Very Large Telescope. The data span the restframe wav…
The VIMOS VLT Deep Survey: the faint type-1 AGN sample
I. Gavignaud, A. Bongiorno, S. Paltani +50
We present the type-1 active galactic nuclei (AGN) sample extracted from the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey first observations of 21000 spectra in 1.75 square degree. This sample, which is…
Ram-pressure stripped radio tails detected in the dynamically active environment of the Shapley Supercluster
P. Merluzzi, T. Venturi, G. Busarello +13
We study the radio continuum emission of four galaxies experiencing ram-pressure stripping in four clusters of the Shapley supercluster at redshift z~0.05. Multi-band (235-1367 MHz…
Color Gradients in Early-type Galaxies: Dependence on Environment and Redshift
F. La Barbera, R. R. de Carvalho, R. Gal +4
Color gradients in early-type galaxies contain valuable clues about their formation and evolutionary histories and mechanisms. We examine color gradients in 1,700 early-type galaxi…
A few StePS forward in unveiling the complexity of galaxy evolution: light-weighted stellar ages of intermediate redshift galaxies with WEAVE
L. Costantin, A. Iovino, S. Zibetti +29
The upcoming new generation of optical spectrographs on four-meter-class telescopes will provide invaluable information for reconstructing the history of star formation in individu…
Optical and Near-Infrared Structural Properties of Cluster Galaxies at
F. La Barbera, G. Busarello, P. Merluzzi +2
Structural parameters (half-light radius , mean effective surface brightness , and Sersic index n) are derived for a sample of galaxies in the rich cluster AC 118 at z…
The Peculiar Mini-Halo in the Shapley Supercluster Member Abell 3558
K. S. Trehaeven, T. Venturi, O. Smirnov +9
We present a multi-band study of the diffuse emission in the galaxy cluster Abell 3558, located in the core of the Shapley Supercluster. Using new MeerKAT UHF-Band and uGMRT Band-3…
The VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey: Evolution of the galaxy luminosity function up to z=2 in first epoch data
O. Ilbert, L. Tresse, E. Zucca +44
We investigate the evolution of the galaxy luminosity function from the VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey (VVDS) from the present to z=2 in five (U, B, V, R and I) rest-frame band-passes. We u…
The VIRMOS deep imaging survey IV: Near-infrared observations
A. Iovino, H. J. McCracken, B. Garilli +49
In this paper we present a new deep, wide-field near-infrared imaging survey. Our J- and K-band observations in four separate fields complement optical BVRI, ultraviolet and spectr…
LoCuSS: The mid-infrared Butcher-Oemler effect
C. P. Haines, G. P. Smith, E. Egami +6
We study the mid-infrared (MIR) properties of galaxies in 30 massive galaxy clusters at 0.02<z<0.40, using panoramic Spitzer/MIPS 24micron and NIR data. This is the largest sample…
Early results from the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey
O. Le Fèvre, G. Vettolani, D. Maccagni +40
The VIMOS VLT Deep Survey (VVDS) is underway to study the evolution of galaxies, large scale structures and AGNs, from the measurement of more than 100000 spectra of faint objects.…
The VIMOS VLT Deep Survey final data release: a spectroscopic sample of 35016 galaxies and AGN out to z~6.7 selected with 17.5<=i_{AB}<=24.7
O. Le Fevre, P. Cassata, O. Cucciati +42
We describe the completed VIMOS VLT Deep Survey, and the final data release of 35016 galaxies and type-I AGN with measured spectroscopic redshifts up to redshift z~6.7, in areas 0.…
The Different Environmental Dependencies of Star-formation for Giant and Dwarf Galaxies
C. P. Haines, F. La Barbera, A. Mercurio +2
We examine the origins of the bimodality observed in the global properties of galaxies around a stellar mass of 3x10^10 M_sun by comparing the environmental dependencies of star-fo…
LoCuSS: The steady decline and slow quenching of star formation in cluster galaxies over the last four billion years
C. P. Haines, M. J. Pereira, G. P. Smith +8
We present an analysis of the levels and evolution of star formation activity in a representative sample of 30 massive galaxy clusters at 0.15<z<0.30 from the Local Cluster Substru…
Accurate photometric redshifts for the CFHT Legacy Survey calibrated using the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey
O. Ilbert, S. Arnouts, H. J. McCracken +49
We present photometric redshifts for an uniquely large and deep sample of 522286 objects with i'_{AB}<25 in the Canada-France Legacy Survey ``Deep Survey'' fields, which cover a to…
Transformations of galaxies in the environments of the cluster ABCG 209 at z~0.2
A. Mercurio, G. Busarello, P. Merluzzi +3
We analyse the properties of galaxy populations in the rich Abell cluster ABCG 209 at redshift z~0.21, on the basis of spectral classification of 102 member galaxies. We take advan…
Retrieval of the physical parameters of galaxies from WEAVE-StePS-like data using machine learning
J. Angthopo, B. R. Granett, F. La Barbera +46
The WHT Enhanced Area Velocity Explorer (WEAVE) is a new, massively multiplexing spectrograph. This new instrument will be exploited to obtain high S/N spectra of 25000 galax…
ACCESS: NIR Luminosity Function and Stellar Mass Function of Galaxies in the Shapley Supercluster Environment
P. Merluzzi, A. Mercurio, C. P. Haines +3
We present the NIR luminosity (LF) and stellar mass functions (SMF) of galaxies in the core of the Shapley supercluster at z=0.048, based on new K-band observations in conjunction…
The VIMOS VLT Deep Survey - Evolution of the luminosity functions by galaxy type up to z=1.5 from first epoch data
E. Zucca, O. Ilbert, S. Bardelli +47
From the first epoch observations of the VVDS up to z=1.5 we have derived luminosity functions (LF) of different spectral type galaxies. The VVDS data, covering ~70% of the life of…
The VVDS-VLA Deep Field - IV: Radio-optical properties
S. Bardelli, E. Zucca, M. Bolzonella +51
(abridged) We use the 1.4 GHz VIMOS-VLA Deep Survey and the optical VVDS and the CFHT-LS to compare the properties of radio loud galaxies with respect to the whole population of op…
The Different Physical Mechanisms that Drive the Star-Formation Histories of Giant and Dwarf Galaxies
C. P. Haines, A. Gargiulo, F. La Barbera +3
We present an analysis of star-formation and nuclear activity in galaxies as a function of both luminosity and environment in the SDSS DR4 dataset. Using a sample of 27753 galaxies…
Galaxy Evolution in the Environment of ABCG 209
C. P. Haines, A. Mercurio, P. Merluzzi +4
We examine the environmental effects on the photometric properties of galaxies for the rich galaxy cluster ABCG 209 at z=0.209. We use archive CFHT optical imaging of a 42'x28' fie…
The VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey - The evolution of galaxy clustering per spectral type to z~1.5
B. Meneux, O. LeFevre, L. Guzzo +47
We measure the evolution of clustering for galaxies with different spectral types from 6495 galaxies with 17.5<=I_AB<=24 and measured spectroscopic redshift in the first epoch VIMO…
On the origin of the scatter around the Fundamental Plane: correlations with stellar population parameters
A. Gargiulo, C. P. Haines, P. Merluzzi +6
We present a fundamental plane (FP) analysis of 141 early-type galaxies in the Shapley supercluster at z=0.049 based on spectroscopy from the AAOmega spectrograph at the AAT and ph…
Probing galaxy evolution through the internal colour gradients, the Kormendy relations and the Photometric Plane of cluster galaxies at z~0.2
F. La Barbera, P. Merluzzi, G. Busarello +2
We present a detailed analysis of the photometric properties of galaxies in the cluster \A2163B at redshift z~0.2. R-, I- and K-band structural parameters, (half light radius r_e,…
Dust in elliptical galaxies: a new dust mass
P. Merluzzi
In order to investigate the nature and origin of dust in elliptical galaxies, a method for the dust mass evaluation, which accounts for the dust temperature distribution, is here p…
VVDS-SWIRE: Clustering evolution from a spectroscopic sample of galaxies with redshift 0.2<z<2.1 selected from Spitzer IRAC 3.6 micron and 4.5 micron photometry
S. de la Torre, O. Le Fevre, S. Arnouts +53
By combining the VVDS with the SWIRE data, we have built the currently largest spectroscopic sample of galaxies selected in the rest-frame near-infrared. These allow us to investig…
The VVDS-VLA Deep Field II. Optical and near infrared identifications of VLA S(1.4GHz)>80 microJy sources in the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey VVDS-02h field
P. Ciliegi, G. Zamorani, M. Bondi +46
In this paper we present the optical and near-infrared identifications of the 1054 radio sources detected in the 20cm deep radio survey down to a 5sigma flux limit of about 80 micr…
Optical Luminosity Functions of the Abell Galaxy Cluster ABCG 209 at z=0.21
A. Mercurio, M. Massarotti, P. Merluzzi +3
We derive the luminosity functions in three bands (BVR) for the rich galaxy cluster ABCG 209 at z=0.21. The data cover an area of ~78 arcmin^2 in the B and R bands, while a mosaic…
The VIMOS VLT Deep Survey: Tracing the galaxy stellar mass assembly history over the last 8Gyr
D. Vergani, M. Scodeggio, L. Pozzetti +46
We selected a mass-limited sample of 4048 objects from the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey in the redshift interval 0.5<z<1.3. We used the amplitude of the 4000 Balmer break (Dn4000) to sepa…
The VIRMOS-VLT Deep Survey: the last 10 billion years of evolution of galaxy clustering
A. Pollo, L. Guzzo, O. Le Fevre +46
We discuss the evolution of clustering of galaxies in the Universe from the present epoch back to z ~ 2, using the first-epoch data from the VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey (VVDS). We presen…
Eddington ratios of faint AGN at intermediate redshift: Evidence for a population of half-starved black holes
I. Gavignaud, L. Wisotzki, A. Bongiorno +51
We use one of the deepest spectroscopic samples of broad line active galactic nuclei (AGN) currently available, extracted from the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey (VVDS), to compute MgII and…
NIR and Optical Structural Parameters of Galaxies in the Cluster AC118 at z=0.31
G. Busarello, P. Merluzzi, M. Massarotti +2
We present some preliminary results related to a project aimed at studying the evolution of the galaxy population in rich environments by means of the Color-Magnitude relation and…
ACCESS - V. Dissecting ram-pressure stripping through integral-field spectroscopy and multi-band imaging
P. Merluzzi, G. Busarello, M. A. Dopita +6
We study the case of a bright (L>L*) barred spiral galaxy from the rich cluster A3558 in the Shapley supercluster core (z=0.05) undergoing ram-pressure stripping. Integral-field sp…
The VIMOS VLT Deep Survey :Evolution of the major merger rate since z~1 from spectroscopicaly confirmed galaxy pairs
L. de Ravel, O. Le Fèvre, L. Tresse +48
From the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey we use a sample of 6447 galaxies with I_{AB} < 24 to identify 251 pairs of galaxies, each member with a secure spectroscopic redshift, which are clos…
The VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey: Evolution in the Halo Occupation Number since z 1
U. Abbas, S. de la Torre, O. Le Fèvre +47
We model the evolution of the mean galaxy occupation of dark-matter halos over the range , using the data from the VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey (VVDS). The galaxy projected cor…
Shapley Optical Survey II: The effect of environment on the colour-magnitude relation and galaxy colours
C. P. Haines, P. Merluzzi, A. Mercurio +5
We present an analysis of the effects of environment on the photometric properties of galaxies in the core of the Shapley Supercluster at z=0.05, one of the most massive structures…
Age, Metallicity and Star Formation History of Cluster Galaxies at z~0.3 F
P. Merluzzi, F. La Barbera, M. Massarotti +2
We investigate the color-magnitude distribution in the rich cluster AC 118 at z=0.31. The sample is selected by the photometric redshift technique, allowing to study a wide range o…
The VIMOS VLT Deep Survey - The evolution of galaxy clustering to z=2 from first epoch observations
O. Le Fevre, L. Guzzo, B. Meneux +44
This paper presents the evolution of the clustering of the main population of galaxies from z=2.1 to z=0.2, from the first epoch VIMOS VLT Deep Survey (VVDS), a magnitude limited s…
The VIMOS VLT Deep Survey: Computing the two point correlation statistics and associated uncertainties
A. Pollo, B. Meneux, L. Guzzo +43
We are presenting in this paper a detailed account of the methods used to compute the three-dimensional two-point galaxy correlation function in the VIMOS-VLT deep survey (VVDS). W…
New insights into the structure of early-type galaxies: the Photometric Plane at z~0.3
F. La Barbera, G. Covone, G. Busarello +4
We study the Photometric Plane (PHP), namely the relation between the effective radius re, the mean surface brightness within that radius <mi>e, and the Sersic index n, in optical…
The cluster of galaxies A 2163B at z~0.2 II -- Colour gradients, re--mie relations and the Photometric Plane
F. La Barbera, G. Busarello, P. Merluzzi +3
This paper has been withdrawn by the author(s), since it has been merged with paper I (astro-ph/0307482).
Cosmic dance in the Shapley Concentration Core - I. A study of the radio emission of the BCGs and tailed radio galaxies
G. Di Gennaro, T. Venturi, D. Dallacasa +10
The Shapley Concentration () covers several degrees in the Southern Hemisphere, and includes galaxy clusters in advanced evolutionary stage, groups of clusters in th…
ACCESS IV: The quenching of star formation in a cluster population of dusty S0s
C. P. Haines, P. Merluzzi, G. Busarello +6
We present an analysis of the mid-infrared (MIR) colours of 165 70um-detected galaxies in the Shapley supercluster core (SSC) at z=0.048 using panoramic Spitzer/MIPS 24 and 70um im…
Structure and Evolution of Galaxy Clusters: Internal Dynamics of ABCG 209 at z~0.21
A. Mercurio, M. Girardi, W. Boschin +2
We study the internal dynamics of the rich galaxy cluster ABGC 209 on the basis of new spectroscopic and photometric data. The distribution in redshift shows that ABCG 209 is a wel…
Witnessing the build-up of the colour-density relation
O. Cucciati, A. Iovino, C. Marinoni +50
We investigate the redshift and luminosity evolution of the galaxy colour-density relation using the data from the First Epoch VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey (VVDS) on scales of R=5 h^(-1)M…
The Environmental Dependencies of Star-formation and the Origin of the Bimodality in Galaxy Properties
C. P. Haines, A. Gargiulo, A. Mercurio +4
We examine the origins of the bimodality observed in the global properties of galaxies by comparing the environmental dependencies of star-formation for giant and dwarf galaxy popu…
The VIMOS VLT Deep Survey:The ultraviolet galaxy luminosity function and luminosity density at 3<z<4
S. Paltani, O. Le Fevre, O. Ilbert +46
We study the LF of the high-z galaxy population with 3<z<4 using a purely I-band magnitude-selected spectroscopic sample obtained in the framework of the VVDS. We determine the LF…
Galaxy luminosity function per morphological type up to z=1.2
O. Ilbert, S. Lauger, L. Tresse +47
We have computed the evolution of the rest-frame B-band luminosity function (LF) for bulge and disk-dominated galaxies since z=1.2. We use a sample of 605 spectroscopic redshifts w…
Photometric Properties of Galaxy Population in the Cluster EIS 0048-2942 at z~0.64
F. La Barbera, P. Merluzzi, A. Iovino +2
~Deep photometric data in the V-, R-, I-, z- and K-bands for the cluster of galaxies EIS 0048-2942 are used to investigate the properties of the galaxy populations at z~0.64 in a f…
The SDSS-GALEX viewpoint of the truncated red sequence in field environments at z~0
C. P. Haines, A. Gargiulo, P. Merluzzi
We combine GALEX near-UV photometry with a volume-limited sample of local (0.005<z<0.037) SDSS DR4 galaxies to examine the composition and the environmental dependencies of the opt…
The VIMOS VLT Deep Survey: The build-up of the colour-density relation
O. Cucciati, A. Iovino, C. Marinoni +50
We investigate the redshift and luminosity evolution of the galaxy colour-density relation using the data from the First Epoch VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey (VVDS). The size (6582 galaxies…
Testing gravity on large scales. The skewness of the galaxy distribution at z~1
C. Marinoni, L. Guzzo, A. Cappi +54
We study the evolution of the low-order moments of the galaxy overdensity distribution over the redshift interval 0.7<z<1.5. We find that the variance and the normalized skewness e…
The VIMOS VLT Deep Survey. The Assembly History of the Stellar Mass in Galaxies: from the Young to the Old Universe
L. Pozzetti, M. Bolzonella, F. Lamareille +47
We present a detailed analysis of the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function of galaxies up to z=2.5 as obtained from the VVDS. We estimate the stellar mass from broad-band photometry using…
The SDSS-UKIDSS Fundamental Plane of Early-type Galaxies
F. La Barbera, G. Busarello, P. Merluzzi +3
We derive the Fundamental Plane (FP) relation for a sample of 1430 early-type galaxies in the optical (r band) and the near-infrared (K band), by combining SDSS and UKIDSS data. Wi…
The VVDS type-1 AGN sample: The faint end of the luminosity function
A. Bongiorno, G. Zamorani, I. Gavignaud +51
In a previous paper (Gavignaud et al. 2006), we presented the type-1 Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) sample obtained from the first epoch data of the VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey (VVDS). The…
Radio footprints of a minor merger in the Shapley Supercluster: From supercluster down to galactic scales
T. Venturi, S. Giacintucci, P. Merluzzi +29
The Shapley Supercluster () contains several tens of gravitationally bound clusters and groups, making it it is an ideal subject for radio studies of…
WEAVE-StePS. A stellar population survey using WEAVE at WHT
A. Iovino, B. M. Poggianti, A. Mercurio +44
The upcoming new generation of optical spectrographs on four-meter-class telescopes will provide valuable opportunities for forthcoming galaxy surveys through their huge multiplexi…