papers

Publications (15)

cs.CL2018

Long Short-Term Memory as a Dynamically Computed Element-wise Weighted Sum

Omer Levy, Kenton Lee, Nicholas FitzGerald +1

LSTMs were introduced to combat vanishing gradients in simple RNNs by augmenting them with gated additive recurrent connections. We present an alternative view to explain the succe…

cs.CL2025

Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities

Gheorghe Comanici, Eric Bieber, Mike Schaekermann +3431

In this report, we introduce the Gemini 2.X model family: Gemini 2.5 Pro and Gemini 2.5 Flash, as well as our earlier Gemini 2.0 Flash and Flash-Lite models. Gemini 2.5 Pro is our…

cs.CL2025

Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models

Gemini Team, Rohan Anil, Sebastian Borgeaud +1340

This report introduces a new family of multimodal models, Gemini, that exhibit remarkable capabilities across image, audio, video, and text understanding. The Gemini family consist…

cs.CL2020

Empirical Evaluation of Pretraining Strategies for Supervised Entity Linking

Thibault Févry, Nicholas FitzGerald, Livio Baldini Soares +1

In this work, we present an entity linking model which combines a Transformer architecture with large scale pretraining from Wikipedia links. Our model achieves the state-of-the-ar…

cs.CL2012

A Joint Model of Language and Perception for Grounded Attribute Learning

Cynthia Matuszek, Nicholas FitzGerald, Luke Zettlemoyer +2

As robots become more ubiquitous and capable, it becomes ever more important to enable untrained users to easily interact with them. Recently, this has led to study of the language…

cs.CL2018

Large-Scale QA-SRL Parsing

Nicholas FitzGerald, Julian Michael, Luheng He +1

We present a new large-scale corpus of Question-Answer driven Semantic Role Labeling (QA-SRL) annotations, and the first high-quality QA-SRL parser. Our corpus, QA-SRL Bank 2.0, co…

cs.CL2020

Entities as Experts: Sparse Memory Access with Entity Supervision

Thibault Févry, Livio Baldini Soares, Nicholas FitzGerald +2

We focus on the problem of capturing declarative knowledge about entities in the learned parameters of a language model. We introduce a new model - Entities as Experts (EAE) - that…

cs.CL2020

Learning Cross-Context Entity Representations from Text

Jeffrey Ling, Nicholas FitzGerald, Zifei Shan +4

Language modeling tasks, in which words, or word-pieces, are predicted on the basis of a local context, have been very effective for learning word embeddings and context dependent…

cs.CL2023

Pre-computed memory or on-the-fly encoding? A hybrid approach to retrieval augmentation makes the most of your compute

Michiel de Jong, Yury Zemlyanskiy, Nicholas FitzGerald +4

Retrieval-augmented language models such as Fusion-in-Decoder are powerful, setting the state of the art on a variety of knowledge-intensive tasks. However, they are also expensive…

cs.CL2023

GLIMMER: generalized late-interaction memory reranker

Michiel de Jong, Yury Zemlyanskiy, Nicholas FitzGerald +3

Memory-augmentation is a powerful approach for efficiently incorporating external information into language models, but leads to reduced performance relative to retrieving text. Re…

cs.IR2022

MOLEMAN: Mention-Only Linking of Entities with a Mention Annotation Network

Nicholas FitzGerald, Jan A. Botha, Daniel Gillick +3

We present an instance-based nearest neighbor approach to entity linking. In contrast to most prior entity retrieval systems which represent each entity with a single vector, we bu…

cs.CL2023

FiDO: Fusion-in-Decoder optimized for stronger performance and faster inference

Michiel de Jong, Yury Zemlyanskiy, Joshua Ainslie +4

Fusion-in-Decoder (FiD) is a powerful retrieval-augmented language model that sets the state-of-the-art on many knowledge-intensive NLP tasks. However, the architecture used for Fi…

cs.CL2024

Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context

Gemini Team, Petko Georgiev, Ving Ian Lei +1132

In this report, we introduce the Gemini 1.5 family of models, representing the next generation of highly compute-efficient multimodal models capable of recalling and reasoning over…

cs.CL2022

Mention Memory: incorporating textual knowledge into Transformers through entity mention attention

Michiel de Jong, Yury Zemlyanskiy, Nicholas FitzGerald +2

Natural language understanding tasks such as open-domain question answering often require retrieving and assimilating factual information from multiple sources. We propose to addre…

cs.CL2019

Matching the Blanks: Distributional Similarity for Relation Learning

Livio Baldini Soares, Nicholas FitzGerald, Jeffrey Ling +1

General purpose relation extractors, which can model arbitrary relations, are a core aspiration in information extraction. Efforts have been made to build general purpose extractor…