Publications (105)
Transformational astrophysics and exoplanet science with Habitable Worlds Observatory's High Resolution Imager
Vincent Van Eylen, Richard Massey, Saeeda Awan +167
Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) will be NASA's flagship space telescope of the 2040s, designed to search for life on other planets and to transform broad areas of astrophysics.…
Galaxy halo truncation and Giant Arc Surface Brightness Reconstruction in the Cluster MACSJ1206.2-0847
Thomas Eichner, Stella Seitz, Sherry H. Suyu +32
In this work we analyze the mass distribution of MACSJ1206.2-0847, especially focusing on the halo properties of its cluster members. The cluster appears relaxed in its X-ray emiss…
Detecting Clusters of Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey I : Monte Carlo Comparison of Cluster Detection Algorithms
Rita S. J. Kim, Jeremy V. Kepner, Marc Postman +15
We present a comparison of three cluster finding algorithms from imaging data using Monte Carlo simulations of clusters embedded in a 25 deg^2 region of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (S…
Observations of Lyman-alpha and O VI: Signatures of Cooling and Star Formation in a Massive Central Cluster Galaxy
Megan Donahue, Thomas Connor, G. Mark Voit +1
We report new HST COS and STIS spectroscopy of a star-forming region (~100 solar masses/year) in the center of the X-ray cluster RXJ1532.9+3021 (z=0.362), to follow-up the CLASH te…
Distant Cluster Hunting I: A Comparison Between the Optical and X-ray Luminosity Functions from an Optical/X-ray Survey
Megan Donahue, Jennifer Mack, Caleb Scharf +6
We present a comparison of X-ray and optical luminosities and luminosity functions of cluster candidates from a joint optical/X-ray survey, the ROSAT Optical X-Ray Survey. Complete…
Stellar Mass and 3.4 m M/L Ratio Evolution of Brightest Cluster Galaxies in COSMOS since z ~ 1.0
Kevin C. Cooke, Kevin Fogarty, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe +3
We investigate the evolution of star formation rates (SFRs), stellar masses, and M/L ratios of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in the COSMOS survey since z ~ 1 to det…
Multi-wavelength Surveys for Distant Clusters
Marc Postman
Given the importance of clusters to the fields of cosmology and galaxy evolution, it is critical to understand how the cluster detection process affects (biases) ones scientific co…
CLASH: Extreme Emission Line Galaxies and Their Implication on Selection of High-Redshift Galaxies
Xingxing Huang, Wei Zheng, Junxian Wang +23
We utilize the CLASH (Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble) observations of 25 clusters to search for extreme emission-line galaxies (EELGs). The selections are carried…
Hubble Space Telescope Combined Strong and Weak Lensing Analysis of the CLASH Sample: Mass and Magnification Models and Systematic Uncertainties
Adi Zitrin, Agnese Fabris, Julian Merten +23
We present results from a comprehensive lensing analysis in HST data, of the complete CLASH cluster sample. We identify new multiple-images previously undiscovered allowing improve…
Multiple Images of a Highly Magnified Supernova Formed by an Early-Type Cluster Galaxy Lens
Patrick L. Kelly, Steven A. Rodney, Tommaso Treu +28
In 1964, Refsdal hypothesized that a supernova whose light traversed multiple paths around a strong gravitational lens could be used to measure the rate of cosmic expansion. We rep…
Key Technologies for the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope Coronagraph Instrument
Vanessa P. Bailey, Lee Armus, Bala Balasubramanian +84
The Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) Coronagraph Instrument (CGI) is a high-contrast imager and integral field spectrograph that will enable the study of exoplanets an…
The Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuation Hubble Constant
Joseph B. Jensen, John L. Tonry, Rodger I. Thompson +5
We measured infrared surface brightness fluctuation (SBF) distances to an isotropically-distributed sample of 16 distant galaxies with redshifts reaching 10,000 km/s using the near…
The Habitable Worlds Observatory in Historical Context
Marc Postman, Karl Stapelfeldt
We summarize the past four decades of astrophysics and exoplanet direct imaging mission concept studies, technology developments, and scientific progress that have led to the initi…
The Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope: 100 Hubbles for the 2020s
Rachel Akeson, Lee Armus, Etienne Bachelet +103
The Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) is a 2.4m space telescope with a 0.281 deg^2 field of view for near-IR imaging and slitless spectroscopy and a coronagraph designe…
Little red dot variability over a century reveals black hole envelope via a giant Einstein cross
Zijian Zhang, Mingyu Li, Masamune Oguri +79
"Little red dots" (LRDs) represent a new population of astronomical objects uncovered by JWST whose nature remains debated. Although many LRDs are suspected as active galactic nucl…
Evidence for Cluster Evolution from an Improved Measurement of the Velocity Dispersion and Morphological Fraction of Cluster 1324+3011 at z = 0.76
Lori M. Lubin, J. B. Oke, Marc Postman
We have carried out additional spectroscopic observations in the field of cluster Cl 1324+3011 at z = 0.76. Combined with the spectroscopy presented in Postman, Lubin & Oke (2001,…
A Study of Nine High-Redshift Clusters of Galaxies: IV. Photometry and Sp ectra of Clusters 1324+3011 and 1604+4321
Marc Postman, Lori Lubin, J. Bev Oke
New photometric and spectroscopic observations of galaxies in the directions of three distant clusters are presented as part of our on-going high-redshift cluster survey. The clust…
Ultraviolet Perspectives on Diffuse Gas in the Largest Cosmic Structures
Joseph N. Burchett, Daisuke Nagai, Iryna Butsky +31
The past decade has seen an explosion of discoveries and new insights into the diffuse gas within galaxies, galaxy clusters, and the filaments composing the Cosmic Web. A new decad…
CLASH: Precise New Constraints on the Mass Profile of Abell 2261
Dan Coe, Keiichi Umetsu, Adi Zitrin +43
We precisely constrain the inner mass profile of Abell 2261 (z=0.225) for the first time and determine this cluster is not "over-concentrated" as found previously, implying a forma…
The C4 Clustering Algorithm: Clusters of Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Christopher J. Miller, Robert Nichol, Dan Reichart +15
We present the "C4 Cluster Catalog", a new sample of 748 clusters of galaxies identified in the spectroscopic sample of the Second Data Release (DR2) of the Sloan Digital Sky Surve…
Type Ia Supernova Distances at z > 1.5 from the Hubble Space Telescope Multi-Cycle Treasury Programs: The Early Expansion Rate
Adam G. Riess, Steven A. Rodney, Daniel M. Scolnic +31
We present an analysis of 15 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) at redshift z > 1 (9 at 1.5 < z < 2.3) recently discovered in the CANDELS and CLASH Multi-Cycle Treasury programs using WFC…
A Study of Nine High-Redshift Clusters of Galaxies: I. The Survey
J. B. Oke, Marc Postman, Lori Lubin
We present a description of the observations and data reduction procedures for an extensive spectroscopic and multi-band photometric study of nine high redshift, optically-selected…
Evolution of the Color-Magnitude relation in High-Redshift Clusters: Early-type Galaxies in the Lynx Supercluster at z~1.26
Simona Mei, Brad P. Holden, John P. Blakeslee +10
Color-magnitude relations have been derived in the clusters RX J0849+4452 and RX J0848+4453 at z~1.26. The color-magnitude relation was determined from Advanced Camera for Surveys…
Evolution of the Ionizing Photon Luminosity Function
Stephan R. McCandliss, Swara Ravindranath, Sangeeta Malhotra +6
Counting the number and brightness of ionizing radiation sources out to a redshift of z ~ 1.2 will revolutionize our understanding of how the ionizing background is created and sus…
Anomalous Flux in the Cosmic Optical Background Detected With New Horizons Observations
Tod R. Lauer, Marc Postman, John R. Spencer +27
We used New Horizons LORRI images to measure the optical-band () sky brightness within a high galactic-latitude field selected to have reduced dif…
The Morphologies and Alignments of Gas, Mass, and the Central Galaxies of CLASH Clusters of Galaxies
Megan Donahue, Stefano Ettori, Elena Rasia +10
Morphology is often used to infer the state of relaxation of galaxy clusters. The regularity, symmetry, and degree to which a cluster is centrally concentrated inform quantitative…
ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: Deep 1.2 mm Number Counts and Infrared Luminosity Functions at
Seiji Fujimoto, Kotaro Kohno, Masami Ouchi +40
We present a statistical study of 180 dust continuum sources identified in 33 massive cluster fields by the ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey (ALCS) over a total of 133 arcmin area…
Science drivers and requirements for an Advanced Technology Large Aperture Space Telescope (ATLAST): Implications for technology development and synergies with other future facilities
Marc Postman, Tom Brown, Kenneth Sembach +11
The Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Space Telescope (ATLAST) is a concept for an 8-meter to 16-meter UVOIR space observatory for launch in the 2025-2030 era. ATLAST will allow a…
ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: and Photometry of 33 Lensed Fields Built with CHArGE
Vasily Kokorev, Gabriel Brammer, Seiji Fujimoto +30
We present a set of multi-wavelength mosaics and photometric catalogs in the ALMA lensing cluster survey (ALCS) fields. The catalogs were built by reprocessing of archival data fro…
CLASH: Mass Distribution in and around MACS J1206.2-0847 from a Full Cluster Lensing Analysis
Keiichi Umetsu, Elinor Medezinski, Mario Nonino +45
We derive an accurate mass distribution of the galaxy cluster MACS J1206.2-0847 (z=0.439) from a combined weak-lensing distortion, magnification, and strong-lensing analysis of wid…
A Keck Spectroscopic Survey of MS1054-03 (z=0.83): Forming the Red Sequence
Kim-Vy H. Tran, Marijn Franx, Garth D. Illingworth +4
Using a magnitude-limited, spectroscopic survey of the X-ray luminous galaxy cluster MS1054-03, we isolate 153 cluster galaxies and measure MS1054's redshift and velocity dispersio…
Distant Cluster Hunting II: A comparison of X-ray and optical cluster detection techniques and catalogs from the ROX Survey
Megan Donahue, Caleb Scharf, Jennifer Mack +6
We present and analyze the optical and X-ray catalogs of moderate-redshift cluster candidates from the ROSAT Optical X-ray Survey, or ROXS. The survey covers 4.8 square degrees (23…
The History of Star Formation in Galaxies
Thomas M. Brown, Marc Postman, Daniela Calzetti
If we are to develop a comprehensive and predictive theory of galaxy formation and evolution, it is essential that we obtain an accurate assessment of how and when galaxies assembl…
The Detection and Statistics of Giant Arcs Behind CLASH Clusters
Bingxiao Xu, Marc Postman, Massimo Meneghetti +10
We developed an algorithm to find and characterize gravitationally lensed galaxies (arcs) to perform a comparison of the observed and simulated arc abundance. Observations are from…
The Luminosity Functions of the Galaxy Cluster MS1054-0321 at z=0.83 based on ACS Photometry
Tomotsugu Goto, Marc Postman, Nicholas J. G. Cross +41
We present new measurements of the galaxy luminosity function (LF) and its dependence on local galaxy density, color, morphology, and clustocentric radius for the massive z=0.83 cl…
A Radio Relic and a Search for the Central Black Hole in the Abell 2261 Brightest Cluster Galaxy
Sarah Burke-Spolaor, Kayhan Gultekin, Marc Postman +4
We present VLA images and HST/STIS spectra of sources within the center of the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) in Abell 2261. These observations were obtained to test the hypothesis…
A Study of Nine High-Redshift Clusters of Galaxies: II. Photometry, Spectra, and Ages of Clusters 0023+0423 and 1604+4304
Marc Postman, Lori M. Lubin, J. B. Oke
We present an extensive photometric and spectroscopic study of two high-redshift clusters of galaxies based on data obtained from the Keck 10m telescopes and the Hubble Space Teles…
CLASH-VLT: Constraints on the Dark Matter Equation of State from Accurate Measurements of Galaxy Cluster Mass Profiles
Barbara Sartoris, Andrea Biviano, Piero Rosati +39
A pressureless scenario for the Dark Matter (DM) fluid is a widely adopted hypothesis, despite the absence of a direct observational evidence. According to general relativity, the…
Evidence for X-ray emission from a large-scale filament of galaxies ?
Caleb Scharf, Megan Donahue, G. Mark Voit +2
Cosmological simulations predict that a large fraction of the baryonic mass of the Universe exists as 10^5-10^7 K diffuse, X-ray emitting gas, tracing low density filament and shee…
Halo Concentrations and the Fundamental Plane of Galaxy Clusters
Yutaka Fujita, Megan Donahue, Stefano Ettori +6
According to the standard cold dark matter (CDM) cosmology, the structure of dark halos including those of galaxy clusters reflects their mass accretion history. Older clusters ten…
The Cluster Mass Function from Early SDSS Data: Cosmological Implications
Neta A. Bahcall, Feng Dong, Paul Bode +15
The mass function of clusters of galaxies is determined from 400 deg^2 of early commissioning imaging data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey; ~300 clusters in the redshift range z =…
Evolution of the Color-Magnitude Relation in Galaxy Clusters at z ~1 from the ACS Intermediate Redshift Cluster Survey
Simona Mei, Brad P. Holden, John P. Blakeslee +10
We apply detailed observations of the Color-Magnitude Relation (CMR) with the ACS/HST to study galaxy evolution in eight clusters at z~1. The early-type red sequence is well define…
The Projected Dark and Baryonic Ellipsoidal Structure of 20 CLASH Galaxy Clusters
Keiichi Umetsu, Mauro Sereno, Sut-Ieng Tam +24
We reconstruct the two-dimensional (2D) matter distributions in 20 high-mass galaxy clusters selected from the CLASH survey by using the new approach of performing a joint weak len…
New Synoptic Observations of the Cosmic Optical Background with New Horizons
Marc Postman, Tod R. Lauer, Joel W. Parker +11
We obtained New Horizons LORRI images to measure the cosmic optical background (COB) intensity integrated over The survey comprises 16 high Gal…
CLASH: Joint Analysis of Strong-Lensing, Weak-Lensing Shear and Magnification Data for 20 Galaxy Clusters
Keiichi Umetsu, Adi Zitrin, Daniel Gruen +3
We present a comprehensive analysis of strong-lensing, weak-lensing shear and magnification data for a sample of 16 X-ray-regular and 4 high-magnification galaxy clusters selected…
Brightest Cluster Galaxies at the Present Epoch
Tod R. Lauer, Marc Postman, Michael A. Strauss +2
We have observed 433 z<=0.08 brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in a full-sky survey of Abell clusters. The BCG Hubble diagram is consistent to within 2% of a Omega_m=0.3, Lambda=0.…
High Redshift Clusters and Protoclusters
Marc Postman
Our understanding of the cosmic history of galaxy clusters has recently been enhanced due to an extensive series of observations including faint spectroscopic data (especially thos…
Discovery of a new fundamental plane dictating galaxy cluster evolution from gravitational lensing
Yutaka Fujita, Keiichi Umetsu, Elena Rasia +5
In cold dark matter (CDM) cosmology, objects in the Universe have grown under the effect of gravity of dark matter. The intracluster gas in a galaxy cluster was heated when the dar…
The First Detailed X-ray Observations of High-Redshift, Optically-Selected Clusters: XMM-Newton Results for Cl 1324+3011 at z = 0.76 and Cl 1604+4304 at z = 0.90
Lori M. Lubin, John S. Mulchaey, Marc Postman
We present the first detailed X-ray observations of optically-selected clusters at high redshift. Two clusters, Cl 1324+3011 at z = 0.76 and Cl 1604+4304 at z = 0.90, were observed…
The Alignment Effect of Brightest Cluster Galaxies in the SDSS
Rita S. J. Kim, Jim Annis, Michael A. Strauss +5
One of the most vital observational clues for unraveling the origin of Brightest Cluster Galaxies (BCG) is the observed alignment of the BCGs with their host cluster and its surrou…
Candidate Distant Trans-Neptunian Objects Detected by the New Horizons Subaru TNO Survey
Wesley C. Fraser, Simon B. Porter, Lowell Peltier +41
We report the detection of 239 trans-Neptunian Objects discovered through the on-going New Horizons survey for distant minor bodies being performed with the Hyper Suprime-Cam mosai…
Observational Constraints on Higher Order Clustering up to $z\simeq 1
István Szapudi, Marc Postman, Tod R. Lauer +1
Constraints on the validity of the hierarchical gravitational instability theory and the evolution of biasing are presented based upon measurements of higher order clustering stati…
The Far Field Hubble Constant
Tod R. Lauer, John L. Tonry, Marc Postman +2
We used HST to obtain surface brightness fluctuation (SBF) observations of four nearby brightest cluster galaxies (BCG) to calibrate the BCG Hubble diagram of Lauer & Postman (1992…
JWST Imaging of Earendel, the Extremely Magnified Star at Redshift
Brian Welch, Dan Coe, Erik Zackrisson +60
The gravitationally lensed star WHL0137-LS, nicknamed Earendel, was identified with a photometric redshift based on images taken with the Hubble Space Tele…
Astro2020 Science White Paper: Assembly of the Most Massive Clusters at Cosmic Noon
Jeyhan Kartaltepe, Caitlin Casey, Mark Dickinson +5
Galaxy evolution is driven by many complex interrelated processes as galaxies accrete gas, form new stars, grow their stellar masses and central black holes, and subsequently quenc…
Star Formation Activity in CLASH Brightest Cluster Galaxies
Kevin Fogarty, Marc Postman, Thomas Connor +2
The CLASH X-ray selected sample of 20 galaxy clusters contains ten brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) that exhibit significant (5 ) extinction-corrected star formation rates…
Clustering at High Redshift: Precise Constraints from a Deep, Wide Area Survey
Marc Postman, Tod R. Lauer, Istvan Szapudi +1
We present constraints on the evolution of large-scale structure from a catalog of 710,000 galaxies with I_AB <= 24 derived from a KPNO 4m CCD imaging survey of a contiguous 4 deg…
High-Redshift Galaxy Candidates at as Revealed by JWST Observations of WHL0137-08
Larry D. Bradley, Dan Coe, Gabriel Brammer +25
We report the discovery of four galaxy candidates observed 450 - 600 Myr after the Big Bang with photometric redshifts between z ~ 8.3 - 10.2 measured using the JWST NIRCam imaging…
Understanding the circumgalactic medium is critical for understanding galaxy evolution
Molly S. Peeples, Peter Behroozi, Rongmon Bordoloi +69
Galaxies evolve under the influence of gas flows between their interstellar medium and their surrounding gaseous halos known as the circumgalactic medium (CGM). The CGM is a major…
Comparison of optical observational capabilities for the coming decades: ground versus space
Matt Mountain, Roeland van der Marel, Remi Soummer +7
Ground-based adaptive optics (AO) in the infrared has made exceptional advances in approaching space-like image quality at higher collecting area. Optical-wavelength applications a…
New Horizons Observations of the Cosmic Optical Background
Tod R. Lauer, Marc Postman, Harold A. Weaver +26
We used existing data from the New Horizons LORRI camera to measure the optical-band () sky brightness within seven high galactic latitude fields.…
LoVoCCS. II. Weak Lensing Mass Distributions, Red-Sequence Galaxy Distributions, and Their Alignment with the Brightest Cluster Galaxy in 58 Nearby X-ray-Luminous Galaxy Clusters
Shenming Fu, Ian Dell'Antonio, Zacharias Escalante +31
The Local Volume Complete Cluster Survey (LoVoCCS) is an on-going program to observe nearly a hundred low-redshift X-ray-luminous galaxy clusters (redshifts and X-ray…
An I-Band-Selected Sample of Radio-Emitting Quasars: Evidence for a Large Population of Red Quasars
Richard L. White, David J. Helfand, Robert H. Becker +4
We present a new sample of 35 quasars selected from the FIRST radio survey and the Deeprange I-band survey (Postman et al. 1998, 2002). A comparison with the FIRST Bright Quasar su…
Clusters as Tracers of Large-Scale Structure
Marc Postman
By virtue of their high galaxy space densities and their large spatial separations, clusters are efficient and accurate tracers of the large-scale density and velocity fields. Subs…
Crowded Field Galaxy Photometry: Precision Colors in the CLASH Clusters
Thomas Connor, Megan Donahue, Daniel D. Kelson +8
We present a new method for photometering objects in galaxy clusters. We introduce a mode-filtering technique for removing spatially variable backgrounds, improving both detection…
The Relationship Between Brightest Cluster Galaxy Star Formation and the Intracluster Medium in CLASH
Kevin Fogarty, Marc Postman, Rebecca Larson +2
We study the nature of feedback mechanisms in the 11 CLASH brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) that exhibit extended ultraviolet and nebular line emission features. We estimate star…
Reaching for the stars -- JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy of a lensed star candidate at
Lukas J. Furtak, Ashish K. Meena, Erik Zackrisson +31
We present JWST/NIRSpec observations of a highly magnified star candidate at a photometric redshift of , previously detected in JWST/NIRCam imaging of t…
A Response to Elvis' 2015 Critique of the AURA Report "From Cosmic Birth to Living Earths"
Sara Seager, Julianne J. Dalcanton, Marc Postman +2
To ensure progress in astronomy over the coming decades, the key questions are "what facilities will we build, and when?" Toward this end, the Association of Universities for Resea…
Constraints on the Mass, Concentration, and Nonthermal Pressure Support of Six CLASH Clusters from a Joint Analysis of X-ray, SZ, and Lensing Data
Seth R. Siegel, Jack Sayers, Andisheh Mahdavi +17
We present a joint analysis of Chandra X-ray observations, Bolocam thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect observations, Hubble Space Telescope (HST) strong lensing data, and HST an…
Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Space Telescope (ATLAST): A Technology Roadmap for the Next Decade
Marc Postman, Vic Argabright, Bill Arnold +65
The Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Space Telescope (ATLAST) is a set of mission concepts for the next generation of UVOIR space observatory with a primary aperture diameter in…
The Magnificent Five Images of Supernova Refsdal: Time Delay and Magnification Measurements
Patrick L. Kelly, Steven Rodney, Tommaso Treu +28
In late 2014, four images of Supernova (SN) "Refsdal," the first known example of a strongly lensed SN with multiple resolved images, were detected in the MACS J1149 galaxy-cluster…
CLASH-X: A Comparison of Lensing and X-ray Techniques for Measuring the Mass Profiles of Galaxy Clusters
Megan Donahue, G. Mark Voit, Andisheh Mahdavi +35
We present profiles of temperature (Tx), gas mass, and hydrostatic mass estimated from new and archival X-ray observations of CLASH clusters. We compare measurements derived from X…
Improving Dark Energy Constraints with High Redshift Type Ia Supernovae from CANDELS and CLASH
Vincenzo Salzano, Steven A. Rodney, Irene Sendra +5
Aims. We investigate the degree of improvement in dark energy constraints that can be achieved by extending Type Ia Supernova (SN Ia) samples to redshifts z > 1.5 with the Hubble S…
The Palomar Distant Cluster Survey : II. The Cluster Profiles
Lori M. Lubin, Marc Postman
We present a study of the surface density profiles of the clusters of galaxies from the Palomar Distant Cluster Survey (Postman et al. 1996). The survey contains a total of 79 clus…
LoVoCCS. III. Third Generation Pipeline & The Hercules Supercluster
Anthony M. Englert, Shenming Fu, Ian Dell'Antonio +29
The Local Volume Complete Cluster Survey (LoVoCCS) is a volume-complete survey of over one-hundred nearby (), X-ray luminous ($L_{500} > 10^{44} \text{ erg s}^{-1}…
A Brightest Cluster Galaxy with an Extremely Large Flat Core
Marc Postman, Tod R. Lauer, Megan Donahue +14
Hubble Space Telescope images of the galaxy cluster Abell 2261, obtained as part of the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble, show that the brightest galaxy in the clus…
Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Brightest Cluster Galaxies
Seppo Laine, Roeland P. van der Marel, Tod R. Lauer +3
We used the HST WFPC2 to obtain I-band images of the centers of 81 brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs), drawn from a volume-limited sample of nearby BCGs. The images show a rich vari…
The History of Star Formation in Galaxies
Thomas M. Brown, Marc Postman, Daniela Calzetti
If we are to develop a comprehensive and predictive theory of galaxy formation and evolution, it is essential that we obtain an accurate assessment of how and when galaxies assembl…
Early-type galaxies at z = 1.3. I. The Lynx supercluster: cluster and groups at z=1.3. Morphology and color-magnitude relation
Simona Mei, S. Adam Stanford, Brad P. Holden +18
We confirm the detection of 3 groups in the Lynx supercluster, at z~1.3, and give their redshifts and masses. We study the properties of the group galaxies as compared to the centr…
The Habitable Exoplanet Observatory (HabEx) Mission Concept Study Final Report
B. Scott Gaudi, Sara Seager, Bertrand Mennesson +183
The Habitable Exoplanet Observatory, or HabEx, has been designed to be the Great Observatory of the 2030s. For the first time in human history, technologies have matured sufficient…
Lyman continuum observations across cosmic time: recent developments, future requirements
Stephan R. McCandliss, Daniela Calzetti, Henry C. Ferguson +19
Quantifying the physical conditions that allow radiation emitted shortward of the hydrogen ionization edge at 911.7 Ã to escape the first collapsed objects and ultimately reionize…
A Precise Cluster Mass Profile Averaged from the Highest-Quality Lensing Data
Keiichi Umetsu, Tom Broadhurst, Adi Zitrin +3
We outline our methods for obtaining high precision mass profiles, combining independent weak-lensing distortion, magnification, and strong-lensing measurements. For massive cluste…
JWST reveals a possible galaxy merger in triply-lensed MACS0647JD
Tiger Yu-Yang Hsiao, Dan Coe, Abdurro'uf +63
MACS0647JD is a triply-lensed galaxy originally discovered with the Hubble Space Telescope. Here we report new JWST imaging, which clearly resolves MACS0647JD as ha…
CLASH: Weak-Lensing Shear-and-Magnification Analysis of 20 Galaxy Clusters
Keiichi Umetsu, Elinor Medezinski, Mario Nonino +21
We present a joint shear-and-magnification weak-lensing analysis of a sample of 16 X-ray-regular and 4 high-magnification galaxy clusters at 0.19<z<0.69 selected from the Cluster L…
Profiles of Dark Matter Velocity Anisotropy in Simulated Clusters
Doron Lemze, Rick Wagner, Yoel Rephaeli +6
We report statistical results for dark matter (DM) velocity anisotropy, β, from a sample of some 6000 cluster-size halos (at redshift zero) identified in a ÎCDM hydrodynamical ad…
The Masses of Nuclear Black Holes in Luminous Elliptical Galaxies and Implications for the Space Density of the Most Massive Black Holes
Tod R. Lauer, S. M. Faber, Douglas Richstone +11
Black hole masses predicted from the Mbh-sigma relationship conflict with those predicted from the Mbh-L relationship for the most luminous galaxies, such as brightest cluster gala…
CLASH: Three Strongly Lensed Images of a Candidate z ~ 11 Galaxy
Dan Coe, Adi Zitrin, Mauricio Carrasco +20
We present a candidate for the most distant galaxy known to date with a photometric redshift z = 10.7 +0.6 / -0.4 (95% confidence limits; with z < 9.5 galaxies of known types ruled…
From Cosmic Birth to Living Earths: The Future of UVOIR Space Astronomy
Julianne Dalcanton, Sara Seager, Suzanne Aigrain +14
For the first time in history, humans have reached the point where it is possible to construct a revolutionary space-based observatory that has the capability to find dozens of Ear…
The Contribution of Halos with Different Mass Ratios to the Overall Growth of Cluster-Sized Halos
Doron Lemze, Marc Postman, Shy Genel +39
We provide a new observational test for a key prediction of the ÎCDM cosmological model: the contributions of mergers with different halo-to-main-cluster mass ratios to cluster-si…
The Angular Correlation Function of Galaxies from Early SDSS Data
SDSS Collaboration, Andrew Connolly, Ryan Scranton +22
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey is one of the first multicolor photometric and spectroscopic surveys designed to measure the statistical properties of galaxies within the local Univer…
Ultraviolet Morphologies and Star-Formation Rates of CLASH Brightest Cluster Galaxies
Megan Donahue, Thomas Connor, Kevin Fogarty +7
Brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) are usually quiescent, but many exhibit star formation. Here we exploit the opportunity provided by rest-frame UV imaging of galaxy clusters in th…
Three Gravitationally Lensed Supernovae Behind CLASH Galaxy Clusters
Brandon Patel, Curtis McCully, Saurabh W. Jha +42
We report observations of three gravitationally lensed supernovae (SNe) in the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) Multi-Cycle Treasury program. These objects,…
Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH): An Overview
Marc Postman, Dan Coe, Narciso Benitez +42
The Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) is a 524-orbit multi-cycle treasury program to use the gravitational lensing properties of 25 galaxy clusters to accura…
A highly magnified candidate for a young galaxy seen when the Universe was 500 Myrs old
Wei Zheng, Marc Postman, Adi Zitrin +33
The early Universe at redshift z\sim6-11 marks the reionization of the intergalactic medium, following the formation of the first generation of stars. However, those young galaxies…
Exploring the NRO Opportunity for a Hubble-sized Wide-field Near-IR Space Telescope -- NEW WFIRST
Alan Dressler, David Spergel, Matt Mountain +24
We discuss scientific, technical and programmatic issues related to the use of an NRO 2.4m telescope for the WFIRST initiative of the 2010 Decadal Survey. We show that this impleme…
The Dust and Molecular Gas in the Brightest Cluster Galaxy in MACS 1931.8-2635
Kevin Fogarty, Marc Postman, Yuan Li +6
We present new ALMA observations of the molecular gas and far-infrared continuum around the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) in the cool-core cluster MACS 1931.8-2635. Our observatio…
Galaxies with a Central Minimum in Stellar Luminosity Density
Tod R. Lauer, Karl Gebhardt, Douglas Richstone +15
We used HST WFPC2 images to identify six early-type galaxies with surface- brightness profiles that decrease inward over a limited range of radii near their centers. The implied lu…
Constraints on the Hubble constant from Supernova Refsdal's reappearance
Patrick L. Kelly, Steven Rodney, Tommaso Treu +27
The gravitationally lensed Supernova Refsdal appeared in multiple images, produced through gravitational lensing by a massive foreground galaxy cluster. After the supernova appeare…
CLASH: Complete Lensing Analysis of the Largest Cosmic Lens MACS J0717.5+3745 and Surrounding Structures
Elinor Medezinski, Keiichi Umetsu, Mario Nonino +35
The galaxy cluster MACS J0717.5+3745 (z=0.55) is the largest known cosmic lens, with complex internal structures seen in deep X-ray, Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect and dynamical observa…
A Merged Catalog of Clusters of Galaxies from Early SDSS Data
Neta A. Bahcall, Timothy A. McKay, James Annis +13
We present a catalog of 799 clusters of galaxies in the redshift range z_est = 0.05 - 0.3 selected from ~400 deg^2 of early SDSS commissioning data along the celestial equator. The…