papers

Publications (341)

hep-ex2023

Search for the decay at Belle

Belle Collaboration, J. Borah, B. Bhuyan +211

We report the results of the first search for the decay using of data collected at the resonance with the Belle detecto…

hep-ex2025

Charged-hadron identification at Belle II

Belle II Collaboration, I. Adachi, H. Ahmed +408

The Belle II experiment's ability to identify particles critically affects the sensitivity of its measurements. We describe Belle II's algorithms for identifying charged particles…

hep-ex2018

Measurements of isospin asymmetry and difference of direct asymmetries in inclusive decays

S. Watanuki, A. Ishikawa, I. Adachi +174

We report measurements of isospin asymmetry and difference of direct asymmetries between charged and neutral decays. This analysis is based…

hep-ex2017

Search for Decays at the Belle Experiment

Belle Collaboration, A. Sibidanov, K. E. Varvell +184

We report the result of a search for the decay . The signal events are selected based on the presence of a high momentum muon and the topology of the rest…

hep-ex2023

Tests of light-lepton universality in angular asymmetries of decays

Belle II Collaboration, I. Adachi, K. Adamczyk +416

We present the first comprehensive tests of light-lepton universality in the angular distributions of semileptonic -meson decays to charged spin-1 charmed mesons. We measure f…

hep-ex2018

Production cross sections of hyperons and charmed baryons from annihilation near ~GeV

Belle Collaboration, M. Niiyama, M. Sumihama +167

We measure the inclusive production cross sections of hyperons and charmed baryons from annihilation using a 800 fb data sample taken near the resonance wi…

hep-ex2023

Search for lepton-flavor-violating decays into a lepton and a vector meson using the full Belle data sample

Belle Collaboration, N. Tsuzuki, K. Inami +180

Charged-lepton-flavor-violation is predicted in several new physics scenarios. We update the analysis of lepton decays into a light charged lepton ( = or $μ^{…

hep-ex2026

Measurement of the asymmetry in decays at Belle II

Belle II Collaboration, M. Abumusabh, I. Adachi +400

We measure the time- and phase-space-integrated asymmetry in decays reconstructed in events collected by the Belle II experim…

hep-ex2022

Study of

Belle Collaboration, K. -N. Chu, Y. -R. Lin +203

We search for the tree-diagram dominated process , using a data sample of pairs collected at the resona…

physics.ins-det2016

Performance of Resistive Plate Chambers installed during the first long shutdown of the CMS experiment

M. Shopova, A. Aleksandrov, R. Hadjiiska +93

The CMS experiment, located at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, has a redundant muon system composed by three different detector technologies: Cathode Strip Chambers (in the forward…

hep-ex2021

Measurement of the branching fraction of decay at Belle

Belle Collaboration, S. X. Li, L. K. Li +193

Using 980.6 of data collected with the Belle detector operating at the KEKB asymmetric-energy collider, we present a measurement of the branching fraction of…

hep-ex2022

Measurement of the branching fraction of at Belle

Belle Collaboration, S. S. Tang, Y. B. Li +171

Based on a data sample of 983 fb collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy collider, we present the study of the heavy-flavor-conserving decay…

hep-ex2023

First measurement of the branching fraction and \textit{CP} asymmetry

Belle Collaboration, Y. -T. Lai, I. Adachi +198

We study using 711 of data collected at the resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy colli…

hep-ex2021

Search for the dark photon in , , , and decays at Belle

S. -H. Park, Y. -J. Kwon, I. Adachi +216

We present a search for the dark photon in the decays, where subsequently decays to , , and $π^+ π^-…

hep-ex2026

Search for the lepton-flavor-violating decays at Belle II

Belle II Collaboration, I. Adachi, L. Aggarwal +447

We present the result of a search for the charged-lepton-flavor violating decays , where is a muon or an electron, using a data sampl…

hep-ex2021

Measurement of the Resonant and Non-Resonant Branching Ratios in

J. T. McNeil, J. Yelton, J. Bennett +192

Using the entire data sample of integrated luminosity collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy collider, we present an amplitude…

hep-ex2021

Study of and at GeV with the Belle detector

Belle Collaboration, E. Kovalenko, A. Garmash +179

We report the first observation of the processes at ~GeV with a and significance respectively. The measured Born cross…

hep-ex2024

New graph-neural-network flavor tagger for Belle II and measurement of in decays

Belle II Collaboration, I. Adachi, L. Aggarwal +413

We present GFlaT, a new algorithm that uses a graph-neural-network to determine the flavor of neutral mesons produced in decays. It improves previous algorithms by usi…

hep-ex2021

Measurements of Moments of Inclusive Decays with Hadronic Tagging

Belle Collaboration, R. van Tonder, L. Cao +202

We present the measurement of the first to fourth order moments of the four-momentum transfer squared, , of inclusive decays using the ful…

hep-ex2026

A search for feebly-interacting particles in decays with missing energy at Belle

Belle, Belle II Collaborations, : +406

We present a search for an invisible hidden-sector particle , produced in and decays, where ,…

hep-ex2018

Measurement of Branching Fractions of Hadronic Decays of the Baryon

Belle Collaboration, J. Yelton, I. Adachi +186

Using a data sample of 980 of annihilation data taken with the Belle detector operating at the KEKB asymmetric-energy collider, we report the resu…

hep-ex2021

lepton mass measurement at Belle II

Belle II Collaboration, F. Abudinén, I. Adachi +539

The reconstruction of tau-pair production, , from the subsequent 3-prong () and 1-prong ($τ^{-} \to…

hep-ex2024

Search for charmed baryons in the system and measurement of the branching fractions of and decaying to and relative to

Belle Collaboration, S. X. Li, C. P. Shen +125

We search for excited charmed baryons in the system using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 980 . The data were collected by the Be…

hep-ex2021

Search for lepton-flavor-violating tau-lepton decays to at Belle

K. Uno, K. Hayasaka, K. Inami +178

Charged lepton flavor violation is forbidden in the Standard Model but possible in several new physics scenarios. In many of these models, the radiative decays $τ^{\pm}\rightarrow…

hep-ex2019

Search for the decays

Belle collaboration, R. Garg, V. Bhardwaj +172

We report the results of a search for the decays. This study is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 711~…

hep-ex2019

Measurement of the CKM Matrix Element from at Belle

E. Waheed, P. Urquijo, I. Adachi +184

We present a new measurement of the CKM matrix element from decays, reconstructed with the full Belle data set of

hep-ex2024

Search for charged-lepton flavor violation in () decays at Belle

R. Dhamija, S. Nishida, A. Giri +178

We report a search for the charged-lepton flavor violation in () decays using a $25~\fbi$ sample collected by the Belle detector at…

hep-ex2021

Search for the in at near 10.6 GeV at Belle

Belle Collaboration, S. Jia, C. P. Shen +198

For the first time we search for the in at = 10.52, 10.58, and 10.867 GeV with data samples of 89.5 fb, 711 fb, and…

hep-ex2018

Observation of and updated measurement of at Belle

Belle Collaboration, Y. B. Li, C. P. Shen +178

We report the first observation of the charmed-strange baryon with a significance greater than 5. The is found in its decay to

hep-ex2020

Charmless decay reconstruction in 2019 Belle II data

Belle II Collaboration, F. Abudinén, I. Adachi +533

We report on the reconstruction of various charmless decays from electron-positron collisions at the energy corresponding to the resonance collected with the Belle II…

hep-ex2022

Measurement of () with Semileptonic Tagging

B. Wang, K. Kinoshita, H. Aihara +153

We report the first direct measurement of the inclusive branching fraction via tagging in (5S) events. Tagging is accomplis…

hep-ex2023

Measurement of the branching fraction and asymmetry of decays using pairs in Belle II data

Belle II Collaboration, F. Abudinén, I. Adachi +425

We report measurements of the branching fraction and asymmetry in decays reconstructed at Belle II in an electron-positron collision sample conta…

hep-ex2022

An improved search for the electric dipole moment of the lepton

K. Inami, K. Hayasaka, I. Adachi +181

We report a measurement of the electric dipole moment of the lepton () using an 833~fb data sample collected near the resonance, with the Belle detector…

hep-ex2020

Measurement of the charm-mixing parameter in decays at Belle

Belle Collaboration, M. Nayak, D. Cinabro +179

We report the first measurement of the charm-mixing parameter in decays to the -odd final state . The study uses the full Belle annihil…

hep-ex2020

Rediscovery of decays and measurement of the longitudinal polarization fraction in decays using the Summer 2020 Belle II dataset

F. Abudinén, I. Adachi, R. Adak +538

We utilize a sample of 34.6 fb, collected by the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB asymmetric energy collider, to search for the , $B^+ \to ϕK^{*…

hep-ex2024

Determination of from simultaneous measurements of untagged and decays

Belle II Collaboration, I. Adachi, L. Aggarwal +417

We present a measurement of from a simultaneous study of the charmless semileptonic decays and , where $\ell =…

hep-ex2024

Observation of and measurement of the effective couplings of to and

Belle Collaboration, S. Jia, C. P. Shen +117

Using , , and data collected by the Belle detector, we discover a new three-body decay, , with a significance of…

hep-ex2024

Measurement of asymmetries in decays at Belle II

Belle II Collaboration, I. Adachi, L. Aggarwal +399

We describe a measurement of charge-parity () violation asymmetries in decays using Belle II data. We consider and $η'\toρ(\toπ^…

hep-ex2021

Measurement of the Branching Fraction of the Decay in Fully Reconstructed Events at Belle

The Belle Collaboration, C. Beleño, A. Frey +160

We present an analysis of the exclusive decay, where represents an electron or a muon, with the assumption of charge-conjugation symm…

hep-ex2026

First evidence of and search for

Belle, Belle II Collaborations, : +412

We search for the pionic transitions and in decays using the Belle and Belle~II data sam…

hep-ex2024

Search for lepton flavor-violating decay modes with hadronic -tagging at Belle and Belle II

Belle, Belle II Collaborations, : +425

We present the first search for the lepton flavor-violating decay modes using the 711 fb and 365 fb data samples…

hep-ex2021

Measurement of the time-integrated mixing probability with a semileptonic double-tagging strategy and of Belle II collision data

Belle II Collaboration, F. Abudinén, I. Adachi +550

We present the first measurement of the time-integrated mixing probability using Belle II data collected at a center-of-mass (CM) energy of 10.58 GeV, corresponding to the m…

hep-ex2026

Observation of the radiative decay

Belle II Collaboration, M. Abumusabh, I. Adachi +367

We observe the radiative decay for the first time, with a significance exceeding standard deviations. The signal is found in the conti…

hep-ex2020

Search for an invisibly decaying boson at Belle II in plus missing energy final states

Belle II Collaboration, I. Adachi, P. Ahlburg +358

Theories beyond the standard model often predict the existence of an additional neutral boson, the . Using data collected by the Belle II experiment during 2018 at the…

hep-ex2023

Precise measurement of the lifetime at Belle II

Belle II Collaboration, I. Adachi, L. Aggarwal +359

We measure the lifetime of the meson using a data sample of 207 fb collected by the Belle II experiment running at the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy collider…

hep-ex2021

Measurements of branching fractions and direct CP asymmetries in , and using 2019 and 2020 data

Belle II Collaboration, F. Abudinén, I. Adachi +549

We report updated measurements of branching fractions () and CP-violating charge asymmetries () for charmless decays at Belle II, which opera…

hep-ex2022

The study of at Belle

X. L. Wang, B. S. Gao, W. J. Zhu +200

Using of data on and around the resonances collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy collider, the two-photon…

hep-ex2025

Measurement of the branching fraction and search for and decays at Belle

Belle, Belle II Collaborations, : +481

We present a study of the rare charm meson decays , , and using a 942 fb data se…

hep-ex2025

Study of at Belle

Belle Collaboration, Z. S. Stottler, T. K. Pedlar +179

We report a study of the hadronic transitions , with , using mesons recorded by the Belle detector. We pres…

hep-ex2023

Search for an invisible in a final state with two muons and missing energy at Belle II

Belle II Collaboration, I. Adachi, K. Adamczyk +385

The extension of the standard model predicts the existence of a lepton-flavor-universality-violating boson that couples only to the heavier lepton families…

hep-ex2024

Study of decays to final states at Belle II

Belle II Collaboration, I. Adachi, L. Aggarwal +393

We present an analysis of the process (where = 1, 2, or 3) reconstructed in of Belle II data during a special run of t…

hep-ex2023

Measurement of asymmetries in decays with Belle II

Belle II Collaboration, I. Adachi, K. Adamczyk +432

We present a measurement of time-dependent rate asymmetries in decays to search for non-standard-model physics in transitions. The data samp…

hep-ex2023

Search for a dark photon and an invisible dark Higgs boson in and missing energy final states with the Belle II experiment

Belle II Collaboration, F. Abudinén, I. Adachi +357

The dark photon and the dark Higgs boson are hypothetical particles predicted in many dark sector models. We search for the simultaneous production of $A^\pri…

hep-ex2020

Measurement of the semileptonic branching fraction with fully reconstructed meson decays and 34.6 fbof Belle II data

Belle II Collaboration, F. Abudinen, I. Adachi +540

We present a first measurement of the branching fraction using fully reconstructed meson decays employing the Full Event Int…

hep-ex2023

Observation of decays using the 2019-2022 Belle II data sample

Belle II Collaboration, F. Abudinén, I. Adachi +575

We present a measurement of the branching fractions of four decay modes. The measurement is based on data from SuperKEKB electron-positron colli…

hep-ex2025

Search for a Dark Higgs Boson Produced in Association with Inelastic Dark Matter at the Belle II Experiment

Belle II Collaboration, I. Adachi, L. Aggarwal +437

Inelastic dark matter models that have two dark matter particles and a massive dark photon can reproduce the observed relic dark matter density without violating cosmological limit…

hep-ex2024

Measurement of the branching fraction of the decay at Belle II

Belle II Collaboration, I. Adachi, L. Aggarwal +389

We measure the branching fraction of the decay using data collected with the Belle II detector. The data contain 387 million pairs produced…

hep-ex2021

Measurements of the branching fractions for decays at Belle II

F. Abudinén, I. Adachi, R. Adak +565

This paper reports a study of decays using fb of data collected during 2019--2020 by the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB asym…

hep-ex2021

Rediscovery of at Belle II

Belle II Collaboration, F. Abudinén, I. Adachi +545

We present preliminary results on the reconstruction of the decay, where or $…

hep-ex2024

Evidence of decay and search for with the Belle detector

Belle Collaboration, E. Kovalenko, I. Adachi +164

We report the first evidence for the transition with a significance of standard deviations. The decay branching fraction is measured to…

hep-ex2026

Study of at Belle II

Belle II Collaboration, M. Abumusabh, I. Adachi +404

The bottomonium spectrum, consisting of bound states of a quark and an anti- quark, provides an excellent laboratory for probing quantum chromodynamics in the non-perturbati…

hep-ex2022

Study of Exclusive Decays with Hadronic Full-event-interpretation Tagging in 189.3 fb of Belle II Data

Belle II Collaboration, F. Abudinén, I. Adachi +590

We present a reconstruction of the semileptonic decays and in a sample corresponding to 189.3 fb of Belle II data, using even…

hep-ex2021

Search for lepton-number- and baryon-number-violating tau decays at Belle

D. Sahoo, G. B. Mohanty, K. Trabelsi +222

We search for lepton-number- and baryon-number-violating decays , , , , $\overline{p…

hep-ex2022

Measurement of the branching fractions for Cabibbo-suppressed decays and at Belle

Belle Collaboration, L. K. Li, A. J. Schwartz +197

We present measurements of the branching fractions for the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decays and , and the doubly…

hep-ex2023

Search for rare decays , , , and

Belle Collaboration, M. Kumar, V. Bhardwaj +196

We present a study of rare decay modes , , and , where denotes the neutral mesons or $K^{…

hep-ex2023

Search for violation in decays and observation of the Cabibbo-suppressed decay

Belle Collaboration, H. K. Moon, E. Won +205

We search for violation by measuring a -odd asymmetry in the Cabibbo-suppressed decay, and in the Cabibbo-favored $D^{+}_{s}\…

hep-ex2023

Measurement of the production ratio in collisions at the resonance using decays at Belle

Belle Collaboration, S. Choudhury, S. Sandilya +197

We measure the ratio of branching fractions for the decays to and using and $B^0 \rightarrow J/ψ(\ell\ell)…

hep-ex2019

Observation of the radiative decays of to

P. Katrenko, I. Adachi, H. Aihara +166

We report the first observation of the radiative decay of the into a charmonium state. The statistical significance of the observed signal of is 6.3…

hep-ex2021

Measurement of branching fractions and asymmetries for and decays at Belle

Belle Collaboration, Y. Guan, A. J. Schwartz +200

We report measurements of the branching fractions and asymmetries for , , and de…

hep-ex2026

Searches for charged-lepton-flavor violation in decays

Belle, Belle II Collaborations, : +415

We report the first searches for charged-lepton-flavor violation in decays of ( and ) to a pair of charged leptons using 158 million decays colle…

hep-ex2023

Search for the decay at the Belle experiment

Belle Collaboration, T. V. Dong, T. Luo +193

This letter presents a search for the rare flavor-changing neutral current process using data taken with the Belle detector at the KEKB as…

hep-ex2026

Study of decays at Belle and Belle II

Belle, Belle II Collaborations, : +412

We report a measurement of the branching fraction for the leptonic decay . This work presents the first result using Belle~II data, an updated Be…

hep-ex2021

Precise measurement of the and lifetimes at Belle II

Belle II collaboration, F. Abudinén, I. Adachi +385

We report a measurement of the and lifetimes using and decays reconstructed in data recorded by the Belle II…

hep-ex2021

Measurements of Partial Branching Fractions of Inclusive Decays with Hadronic Tagging

Belle Collaboration, L. Cao, W. Sutcliffe +236

We present measurements of partial branching fractions of inclusive semileptonic decays using the full Belle data set of 711 fb of integrat…

hep-ex2020

Evidence for a vector charmonium-like state in

Belle Collaboration, S. Jia, C. P. Shen +173

We report the measurement of via initial-state radiation using a data sample of an integrated luminosity of 921.9 fb collected with t…

hep-ex2025

Measurement of the time-integrated asymmetry in decays using opposite-side flavor tagging at Belle and Belle II

Belle, Belle II Collaborations, : +378

We measure the time-integrated asymmetry in decays reconstructed in events collected by the Belle and Belle II exp…

hep-ex2021

Measurement of Differential Branching Fractions of Inclusive Decays

Belle Collaboration, L. Cao, W. Sutcliffe +198

The first measurements of differential branching fractions of inclusive semileptonic decays are performed using the full Belle data set of 711 f…

hep-ex2025

Measurement of decays at Belle II

Belle II Collaboration, I. Adachi, L. Aggarwal +451

We present measurements of decays using of data collected from 2019 to 2022 by the Belle~II experiment at the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energ…

hep-ex2021

Measurement of branching fractions and search for violation in , , and at Belle

Belle Collaboration, L. K. Li, A. J. Schwartz +187

We measure the branching fractions and asymmetries for the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decays , , and , using 980 fb…

hep-ex2022

Search for the lepton flavour violating decays () at Belle

Belle Collaboration, S. Watanuki, G. de Marino +176

We present a search for the lepton-flavour-violating decays , with , using the full data sample of pa…

hep-ex2023

Measurement of the -lepton mass with the Belle~II experiment

Belle II Collaboration, I. Adachi, K. Adamczyk +418

We present a measurement of the -lepton mass using a sample of about 175 million events collected with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB col…

hep-ex2017

Angular analysis of the process near the open charm threshold using initial-state radiation

Belle Collaboration, V. Zhukova, H. Aihara +149

We report a new measurement of the exclusive cross sections as a function of the center-of-mass energy from the threshold…

hep-ex2021

Measurements of the branching fractions of , , and decays at Belle

Belle collaboration, Y. Li, J. X. Cui +213

Using the entire data sample of collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy collider, we present measurements of the branching f…

hep-ex2021

Test of lepton flavor universality and search for lepton flavor violation in decays

S. Choudhury, S. Sandilya, K. Trabelsi +220

We present measurements of the branching fractions for the decays and , and their ratio (), using a data sample of 711 tha…

hep-ex2018

Observation of Excited Charmed Baryons in Collisions

Belle Collaboration, J. Yelton, I. Adachi +177

Using the entire Belle data sample of 980 of collisions, we present the results of a study of excited charmed baryons in the decay mode .…

hep-ex2020

Dalitz analysis of decays at Belle

Belle Collaboration, Y. Q. Chen, L. K. Li +177

We present the results of the first Dalitz plot analysis of the decay . The analysis is performed on a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of…

hep-ex2025

Search for violation in decays using triple and quadruple products

Belle, Belle II Collaborations, : +366

We perform the first search for violation in decays. We use a combined data set from the Belle and Belle II experiments, which…

hep-ex2022

Evidence of a new excited charmed baryon decaying to

Belle Collaboration, Y. B. Li, C. P. Shen +194

We present the study of decays based on events collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB as…

hep-ex2024

A test of lepton flavor universality with a measurement of using hadronic tagging at the Belle II experiment

Belle II Collaboration, I. Adachi, K. Adamczyk +434

The ratio of branching fractions /$\mathcal{B} (\overline{B} \rightarrow D^{*} \ell^{-} \overlineν_{\…

hep-ex2021

Angular analysis of decays reconstructed in 2019-2020 Belle II data

Belle II collaboration, F. Abudinén, I. Adachi +549

We report on the first Belle II measurement of the branching fraction () and longitudinal polarization fraction () of decays. We reconstruct $B^…

hep-ex2017

Study of pair production in single-tag two-photon collisions

Belle Collaboration, M. Masuda, S. Uehara +185

We report a measurement of the cross section for pair production in single-tag two-photon collisions, $γ^* γ\to K^0_S K^0_S$, for up to 30 GeV, where is t…

hep-ex2023

Search for at Belle

Belle Collaboration, J. H. Yin, E. Won +193

We present a search for the decay in the data sample collected at the Belle detector, where the is…

hep-ex2021

Measurements of branching fractions and CP-violating charge asymmetries in multibody charmless decays reconstructed in 2019-2020 Belle II data

Belle II collaboration, F. Abudinén, I. Adachi +549

We report on measurements of branching fractions () and CP-violating charge asymmetries () of multibody charmless decays reconstructed by the…

hep-ex2025

Observation of the decay at Belle II

Belle II Collaboration, I. Adachi, L. Aggarwal +383

We measure the branching fraction of the decay using data collected with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB collider. The data contain $(387 \pm 6) \times 10^6…

hep-ex2025

Measurement of branching fraction with a hadronic tagging method at Belle II

Belle II Collaboration, I. Adachi, K. Adamczyk +341

We present a measurement of the branching fraction of decays using collected between 2019 and 2022 with the Belle II detector at t…

hep-ex2018

First evidence for and resolution of the CKM Unitarity Triangle ambiguity by a time-dependent Dalitz plot analysis of with decays

The BaBar, Belle Collaborations, : +422

We present first evidence that the cosine of the CP-violating weak phase is positive, and hence exclude trigonometric multifold solutions of the CKM Unitarity Triangle using…

hep-ex2019

Search for violation with kinematic asymmetries in the decay

Belle Collaboration, J. B. Kim, E. Won +182

We search for violation in the singly-Cabibbo-suppressed decay using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $988\text{ }{\…

hep-ex2018

Measurement of eta_c(1S), eta_c(2S) and non-resonant eta' pi+ pi- production via two-photon collisions

The Belle Collaboration, Q. N. Xu, I. Adachi +176

We report the measurement of gamma gamma to eta_c(1S), eta_c(2S) to eta' pi+ pi- with eta' decays to gamma rho and eta pi+ pi- using 941 fb^{-1} of data collected with the Belle de…

hep-ex2023

Search for a heavy neutrino in decays at Belle

Belle Collaboration, D. Liventsev, I. Adachi +189

We report on a search for a heavy neutrino in the decays , , . The results are obtained using the full data sample collect…

hep-ex2022

Measurement of branching fractions of and at Belle

Belle Collaboration, L. K. Li, K. Kinoshita +204

We present a study of a singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay and a Cabibbo-favored decay based on 980 of data collected by t…