papers

Publications (20)

cs.AI2025

MIR-Bench: Can Your LLM Recognize Complicated Patterns via Many-Shot In-Context Reasoning?

Kai Yan, Zhan Ling, Kang Liu +5

The ability to recognize patterns from examples and apply them to new ones is a primal ability for general intelligence, and is widely studied by psychology and AI researchers. Man…

cs.CL2024

DiffNorm: Self-Supervised Normalization for Non-autoregressive Speech-to-speech Translation

Weiting Tan, Jingyu Zhang, Lingfeng Shen +2

Non-autoregressive Transformers (NATs) are recently applied in direct speech-to-speech translation systems, which convert speech across different languages without intermediate tex…

cs.CL2025

LongReason: A Synthetic Long-Context Reasoning Benchmark via Context Expansion

Zhan Ling, Kang Liu, Kai Yan +6

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in understanding long-context inputs. However, benchmarks for evaluating the long-context reasoning abilities of…

cs.LG2026

Reliable and Responsible Foundation Models: A Comprehensive Survey

Xinyu Yang, Junlin Han, Rishi Bommasani +49

Foundation models, including Large Language Models (LLMs), Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), Image Generative Models (i.e, Text-to-Image Models and Image-Editing Models), a…

cs.CL2023

Sen2Pro: A Probabilistic Perspective to Sentence Embedding from Pre-trained Language Model

Lingfeng Shen, Haiyun Jiang, Lemao Liu +1

Sentence embedding is one of the most fundamental tasks in Natural Language Processing and plays an important role in various tasks. The recent breakthrough in sentence embedding i…

cs.CL2022

On the Evaluation Metrics for Paraphrase Generation

Lingfeng Shen, Lemao Liu, Haiyun Jiang +1

In this paper we revisit automatic metrics for paraphrase evaluation and obtain two findings that disobey conventional wisdom: (1) Reference-free metrics achieve better performance…

cs.CL2024

It Takes Two: On the Seamlessness between Reward and Policy Model in RLHF

Taiming Lu, Lingfeng Shen, Xinyu Yang +3

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) involves training policy models (PMs) and reward models (RMs) to align language models with human preferences. Instead of focusing…

cs.CL2023

Flatness-Aware Prompt Selection Improves Accuracy and Sample Efficiency

Lingfeng Shen, Weiting Tan, Boyuan Zheng +1

With growing capabilities of large language models, prompting them has become the dominant way to access them. This has motivated the development of strategies for automatically se…

cs.CL2024

Do pretrained Transformers Learn In-Context by Gradient Descent?

Lingfeng Shen, Aayush Mishra, Daniel Khashabi

The emergence of In-Context Learning (ICL) in LLMs remains a remarkable phenomenon that is partially understood. To explain ICL, recent studies have created theoretical connections…

cs.CL2024

The Language Barrier: Dissecting Safety Challenges of LLMs in Multilingual Contexts

Lingfeng Shen, Weiting Tan, Sihao Chen +6

As the influence of large language models (LLMs) spans across global communities, their safety challenges in multilingual settings become paramount for alignment research. This pap…

cs.CL2023

TextShield: Beyond Successfully Detecting Adversarial Sentences in Text Classification

Lingfeng Shen, Ze Zhang, Haiyun Jiang +1

Adversarial attack serves as a major challenge for neural network models in NLP, which precludes the model's deployment in safety-critical applications. A recent line of work, dete…

cs.CL2024

AnaloBench: Benchmarking the Identification of Abstract and Long-context Analogies

Xiao Ye, Andrew Wang, Jacob Choi +6

Humans regularly engage in analogical thinking, relating personal experiences to current situations (X is analogous to Y because of Z). Analogical thinking allows humans to solve p…

cs.LG2026

Generalizable End-to-End Tool-Use RL with Synthetic CodeGym

Weihua Du, Hailei Gong, Zhan Ling +7

Tool-augmented large language models (LLMs), hereafter LLM agents, leverage external tools to solve diverse tasks and interface with the real world. However, current training pract…

cs.CL2023

Narrowing the Gap between Zero- and Few-shot Machine Translation by Matching Styles

Weiting Tan, Haoran Xu, Lingfeng Shen +5

Large language models trained primarily in a monolingual setting have demonstrated their ability to generalize to machine translation using zero- and few-shot examples with in-cont…

cs.CL2024

Contrastive Preference Optimization: Pushing the Boundaries of LLM Performance in Machine Translation

Haoran Xu, Amr Sharaf, Yunmo Chen +5

Moderate-sized large language models (LLMs) -- those with 7B or 13B parameters -- exhibit promising machine translation (MT) performance. However, even the top-performing 13B LLM-b…

cs.CL2024

SemStamp: A Semantic Watermark with Paraphrastic Robustness for Text Generation

Abe Bohan Hou, Jingyu Zhang, Tianxing He +7

Existing watermarking algorithms are vulnerable to paraphrase attacks because of their token-level design. To address this issue, we propose SemStamp, a robust sentence-level seman…

cs.CL2022

Rethink the Evaluation for Attack Strength of Backdoor Attacks in Natural Language Processing

Lingfeng Shen, Haiyun Jiang, Lemao Liu +1

It has been shown that natural language processing (NLP) models are vulnerable to a kind of security threat called the Backdoor Attack, which utilizes a `backdoor trigger' paradigm…

cs.CL2023

Frequency-aware Dimension Selection for Static Word Embedding by Mixed Product Distance

Lingfeng Shen, Haiyun Jiang, Lemao Liu +1

Static word embedding is still useful, particularly for context-unavailable tasks, because in the case of no context available, pre-trained language models often perform worse than…

cs.CL2023

The Trickle-down Impact of Reward (In-)consistency on RLHF

Lingfeng Shen, Sihao Chen, Linfeng Song +5

Standard practice within Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) involves optimizing against a Reward Model (RM), which itself is trained to reflect human preferences for…

cs.CL2023

A Simple and Plug-and-play Method for Unsupervised Sentence Representation Enhancement

Lingfeng Shen, Haiyun Jiang, Lemao Liu +1

Generating proper embedding of sentences through an unsupervised way is beneficial to semantic matching and retrieval problems in real-world scenarios. This paper presents Represen…