papers

Publications (36)

physics.data-an2019

Learning representations of irregular particle-detector geometry with distance-weighted graph networks

Shah Rukh Qasim, Jan Kieseler, Yutaro Iiyama +1

We explore the use of graph networks to deal with irregular-geometry detectors in the context of particle reconstruction. Thanks to their representation-learning capabilities, grap…

physics.data-an2017

A method and tool for combining differential or inclusive measurements obtained with simultaneously constrained uncertainties

Jan Kieseler

A method is discussed that allows combining sets of differential or inclusive measurements. It is assumed that at least one measurement was obtained with simultaneously fitting a s…

hep-ex2025

On the Utility Function of Experiments in Fundamental Science

Tommaso Dorigo, Michele Doro, Max Aehle +7

The majority of experiments in fundamental science today are designed to be multi-purpose: their aim is not simply to measure a single physical quantity or process, but rather to e…

physics.comp-ph2024

Efficient Forward-Mode Algorithmic Derivatives of Geant4

Max Aehle, Xuan Tung Nguyen, Mihály Novák +5

We have applied an operator-overloading forward-mode algorithmic differentiation tool to the Monte-Carlo particle simulation toolkit Geant4. Our differentiated version of Geant4 al…

physics.ins-det2022

End-to-end multi-particle reconstruction in high occupancy imaging calorimeters with graph neural networks

Shah Rukh Qasim, Nadezda Chernyavskaya, Jan Kieseler +4

We present an end-to-end reconstruction algorithm to build particle candidates from detector hits in next-generation granular calorimeters similar to that foreseen for the high-lum…

physics.ins-det2022

Toward the End-to-End Optimization of Particle Physics Instruments with Differentiable Programming: a White Paper

Tommaso Dorigo, Andrea Giammanco, Pietro Vischia +33

The full optimization of the design and operation of instruments whose functioning relies on the interaction of radiation with matter is a super-human task, given the large dimensi…

physics.ins-det2025

End-to-End Detector Optimization with Diffusion models: A Case Study in Sampling Calorimeters

Kylian Schmidt, Nikhil Kota, Jan Kieseler +16

Recent advances in machine learning have opened new avenues for optimizing detector designs in high-energy physics, where the complex interplay of geometry, materials, and physics…

physics.ins-det2023

Isothermal annealing of radiation defects in bulk material of diodes from 8" silicon wafers

Jan Kieseler, Pedro Goncalo Dias Almeida, Oliwia Kaluzinska +4

The high luminosity upgrade of the LHC will provide unique physics opportunities, such as the observation of rare processes and precision measurements. However, the accompanying ha…

physics.comp-ph2025

Constrained Optimization of Charged Particle Tracking with Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

Tobias Kortus, Ralf Keidel, Nicolas R. Gauger +1

Reinforcement learning demonstrated immense success in modelling complex physics-driven systems, providing end-to-end trainable solutions by interacting with a simulated or real en…

hep-ph2025

Running of the top quark mass at NNLO in QCD

Matteo M. Defranchis, Jan Kieseler, Katerina Lipka +1

The running of the top quark mass () is probed at the next-to-next-to-leading order in quantum chromodynamics for the first time. The result is obtained by comparing…

astro-ph.IM2025

Toward the End-To-End Optimization of the SWGO Array Layout

Tommaso Dorigo, Max Aehle, Cornelia Arcaro +13

In this document we consider the problem of finding the optimal layout for the array of water Cherenkov detectors proposed by the SWGO collaboration to study very-high-energy gamma…

physics.ins-det2026

Temperature dependence of the long-term annealing behavior of neutron irradiated diodes from 8-inch p-type silicon wafers

Leena Diehl, Oliwia Kaluzinska, Marie Mühlnikel +7

To face the higher levels of radiation due to the 10-fold increase in integrated luminosity during the High-Luminosity LHC, the CMS detector will replace the current Calorimeter En…

hep-ex2022

Deep Regression of Muon Energy with a K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm

T. Dorigo, Sofia Guglielmini, Jan Kieseler +2

Within the context of studies for novel measurement solutions for future particle physics experiments, we developed a performant kNN-based regressor to infer the energy of highly-r…

hep-ex2020

Fast convolutional neural networks for identifying long-lived particles in a high-granularity calorimeter

Juliette Alimena, Yutaro Iiyama, Jan Kieseler

We present a first proof of concept to directly use neural network based pattern recognition to trigger on distinct calorimeter signatures from displaced particles, such as those t…

physics.ins-det2021

Multi-particle reconstruction in the High Granularity Calorimeter using object condensation and graph neural networks

Shah Rukh Qasim, Kenneth Long, Jan Kieseler +2

The high-luminosity upgrade of the LHC will come with unprecedented physics and computing challenges. One of these challenges is the accurate reconstruction of particles in events…

hep-ph2024

Classifier Surrogates: Sharing AI-based Searches with the World

Sebastian Bieringer, Gregor Kasieczka, Jan Kieseler +1

In recent years, neural network-based classification has been used to improve data analysis at collider experiments. While this strategy proves to be hugely successful, the underly…

physics.ins-det2021

Optimising longitudinal and lateral calorimeter granularity for software compensation in hadronic showers using deep neural networks

Coralie Neubüser, Jan Kieseler, Paul Lujan

We investigate the effect of longitudinal and transverse calorimeter segmentation on event-by-event software compensation for hadronic showers. To factorize out sampling and electr…

hep-ex2020

Jet Flavour Classification Using DeepJet

Emil Bols, Jan Kieseler, Mauro Verzetti +2

Jet flavour classification is of paramount importance for a broad range of applications in modern-day high-energy-physics experiments, particularly at the LHC. In this paper we pro…

hep-ph2024

Les Houches guide to reusable ML models in LHC analyses

Jack Y. Araz, Andy Buckley, Gregor Kasieczka +10

With the increasing usage of machine-learning in high-energy physics analyses, the publication of the trained models in a reusable form has become a crucial question for analysis p…

physics.ins-det2026

Detector-aware target definitions for full-event particle reconstruction

Katharina Schäuble, Alessandro Brusamolino, Dolores Garcia +1

Hit-level ML-based particle reconstruction methods have recently shown promising results. However, the reconstruction models are currently provided with targets that are unaware of…

cs.DC2025

FastGraph: Optimized GPU-Enabled Algorithms for Fast Graph Building and Message Passing

Aarush Agarwal, Raymond He, Jan Kieseler +2

We introduce FastGraph, a novel GPU-optimized k-nearest neighbor algorithm specifically designed to accelerate graph construction in low-dimensional spaces (2-10 dimensions), criti…

hep-ph2016

Calibration of the Top-Quark Monte-Carlo Mass

Jan Kieseler, Katerina Lipka, Sven-Olaf Moch

We present a method to establish experimentally the relation between the top-quark mass as implemented in Monte-Carlo generators and the Lagrangian mass parameter

physics.ins-det2026

On the Codesign of Scientific Experiments and Industrial Systems

Tommaso Dorigo, Pietro Vischia, Shahzaib Abbas +84

The optimization of large experiments in fundamental science, such as detectors for subnuclear physics at particle colliders, shares with the optimization of complex systems for in…

physics.ins-det2024

TomOpt: Differential optimisation for task- and constraint-aware design of particle detectors in the context of muon tomography

Giles C. Strong, Maxime Lagrange, Aitor Orio +11

We describe a software package, TomOpt, developed to optimise the geometrical layout and specifications of detectors designed for tomography by scattering of cosmic-ray muons. The…

physics.data-an2020

Object condensation: one-stage grid-free multi-object reconstruction in physics detectors, graph and image data

Jan Kieseler

High-energy physics detectors, images, and point clouds share many similarities in terms of object detection. However, while detecting an unknown number of objects in an image is w…

physics.ins-det2022

GNN-based end-to-end reconstruction in the CMS Phase 2 High-Granularity Calorimeter

Saptaparna Bhattacharya, Nadezda Chernyavskaya, Saranya Ghosh +11

We present the current stage of research progress towards a one-pass, completely Machine Learning (ML) based imaging calorimeter reconstruction. The model used is based on Graph Ne…

hep-ph2022

Detecting long-lived particles trapped in detector material at the LHC

Jan Kieseler, Juliette Alimena, Jasmine Simms +3

We propose to implement a two-stage detection strategy for exotic long-lived particles that could be produced at the CERN LHC, become trapped in detector material, and decay later.…

cs.LG2025

End-to-End Optimal Detector Design with Mutual Information Surrogates

Kinga Anna Wozniak, Stephen Mulligan, Jan Kieseler +3

We introduce a novel approach for end-to-end black-box optimization of high energy physics (HEP) detectors using local deep learning (DL) surrogates. These surrogates approximate a…

hep-ex2025

Neuromorphic Readout for Hadron Calorimeters

Enrico Lupi, Abhishek, Max Aehle +17

We simulate hadrons impinging on a homogeneous lead-tungstate (PbWO4) calorimeter to investigate how the resulting light yield and its temporal structure, as detected by an array o…

hep-ph2026

An Optimal Observable Machine for reinterpretable measurements in high-energy physics

Torben Mohr, Alejandro Quiroga Triviño, Fabian Riemer +6

A machine-learning-based framework for constructing generator-level observables optimized for parameter extraction in particle physics analyses is introduced, referred to as the Op…

physics.ins-det2023

Progress in End-to-End Optimization of Detectors for Fundamental Physics with Differentiable Programming

Max Aehle, Lorenzo Arsini, R. Belén Barreiro +27

In this article we examine recent developments in the research area concerning the creation of end-to-end models for the complete optimization of measuring instruments. The models…

physics.ins-det2021

Distance-Weighted Graph Neural Networks on FPGAs for Real-Time Particle Reconstruction in High Energy Physics

Yutaro Iiyama, Gianluca Cerminara, Abhijay Gupta +19

Graph neural networks have been shown to achieve excellent performance for several crucial tasks in particle physics, such as charged particle tracking, jet tagging, and clustering…

physics.ins-det2022

Calorimetric Measurement of Multi-TeV Muons via Deep Regression

Jan Kieseler, Giles C. Strong, Filippo Chiandotto +2

The performance demands of future particle-physics experiments investigating the high-energy frontier pose a number of new challenges, forcing us to find improved solutions for the…

physics.ins-det2020

Muon Energy Measurement from Radiative Losses in a Calorimeter for a Collider Detector

Tommaso Dorigo, Jan Kieseler, Lukas Layer +1

The performance demands of future particle-physics experiments investigating the high-energy frontier pose a number of new challenges, forcing us to find new solutions for the dete…

physics.ins-det2025

Hadron Identification Prospects With Granular Calorimeters

Andrea De Vita, Abhishek, Max Aehle +15

In this work we consider the problem of determining the identity of hadrons at high energies based on the topology of their energy depositions in dense matter, along with the time…

physics.ins-det2025

Annealing behaviour of charge collection of neutron irradiated diodes from 8-inch p-type silicon wafers

Oliwia Agnieszka Kałuzińska, Leena Diehl, Eva Sicking +6

To face the higher levels of radiation due to the 10-fold increase in integrated luminosity during the High-Luminosity LHC, the CMS detector will replace the current Calorimeter En…